http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
19세기 러시아 텍스트에 반영된 한국의 지리적 명칭들과 전사(轉寫)의 문제
Raphael Gozdzik(라파엘 고직) 아시아·중동부유럽학회 2000 동유럽발칸학 Vol.2 No.1
The main purpose of this small article is to trace back the process of the infiltration of Korean toponyms in the Russian texts throughout the 19th century The name "Korea" was introduced to Russian language rather late compared to other European languages such as Dutch. French. Portugese. and German because Russia for a long time had not paid attetion to this small far eastern country. The name "Korea" first appeared in Russian text when the travelogue of Kruzenshtern was published in Petersburg in 1809. From Kruzenshtern on. not a few documents and books conveying the information of Korean place names had been published in Russia The problems of these materials lie in the fact that most of them were translations of the works of other European travelers. mainly French ones. To make matters worse. the French author. Eyries. for example. used the system of transliteration based on Chinese or Japanese phonological rules when they wrote the place names of Korea in their books. For this reason , the Russian transliterations of the Korean toponyms were far from being correct. Even Goncharov's sailings to the Korean peninsular 44 years later since Kruzenshtern's book was published didn't improve the problems of the transliteration because his crews on "Pallada" didn't accept the correct local names of Korean bays. ports and seas despite that they were accesible to local Koreans at that time. Instead of using local Korean names , these sailors preferred Russian proper nouns. The trade agreement between Russia and China in 1860 was turning point in the history of Korea-Russia relations. Since then. the interest in this new neighboring nation was increased in Russian. Gel'mersen who was highly conscious of the problems of transliteration even attempted to use the diacritical marks for the writing system. Still , Russian authors were dependant on French missionary Dallet' s invention of writing Korean in Latin alphabets. The mutual pact between Korea and Russia in 1884 allow many Russians travel the Korean peninsular. They were accessible to local Koreans. As a result , the Russian texts at this time reflect many variants of the same place name. In 1900 , the author of "Description of Korea" established the system of transliteration in Russian based on Korean alphabet. For this , even the new characters a and 0 with diacritical marks on them were introduced Thus , the first step of the process for the unification of Russian transliteration of Korean toponyms end , which awaits for another long process in the 20th century.
Forecasting Empty Container Volumes
Raphael Diaz,Wayne TALLEY,Mandar Tupule 한국해운물류학회 2011 The Asian journal of shipping and Logistics Vol.27 No.2
The accumulation and repositioning of empty containers have become acute problems for container ports and are expected to intensify in the future given the expected growth in trade imbalances among trading nations. These problems are major costs and operational challenges for container ports. More accurate forecasting of volumes of port empty containers will enable container ports to develop more cost efficient plans for the repositioning of empty containers. This paper compares the Tioga Group, United Nations and Winters method (utilizing empty container volumes of three U.S. container ports) in forecasting volumes of port empty containers. The Winters method is found to provide more accurate forecasts of volumes of port empty containers than the Tioga Group and United Nations methods.
The Analysis of Nigerian Physics Teachers’ Knowledge for Teaching -Focused on Motion
Raphael Omale Eyimoga,Kwangho Lee 순천대학교 교육과학연구소 2022 현장수업연구 Vol.3 No.1
This study investigated the knowledge for teaching of Nigerian secondary school Physics teachers focused on motion. The study examined 119 participants from Government and private secondary schools in Keffi and Karu Local Government of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Data were collected and analyzed to address the research questions based on common content knowledge, specialized content knowledge, knowledge of content and students, and knowledge of content and teaching. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test and ANOVA were used to analyze the data using SPSS version 20. The study revealed that out of the four components of knowledge for teaching examined by this study, the teachers displayed some level of adequacy in common content knowledge and knowledge of content and teaching. The teachers performed below average in specialized content knowledge and knowledge of content and students. The study shows statistically significant difference between professional (certified) and non-professional (non-certified) PKT in favor of the professional teachers. Also, significant difference was found between the mean PKT score of teachers with varied teaching experience in favor of teachers with over 5 years of experience. This study investigated the knowledge for teaching of Nigerian secondary school Physics teachers focused on motion. The study examined 119 participants from Government and private secondary schools in Keffi and Karu Local Government of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Data were collected and analyzed to address the research questions based on common content knowledge, specialized content knowledge, knowledge of content and students, and knowledge of content and teaching. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test and ANOVA were used to analyze the data using SPSS version 20. The study revealed that out of the four components of knowledge for teaching examined by this study, the teachers displayed some level of adequacy in common content knowledge and knowledge of content and teaching. The teachers performed below average in specialized content knowledge and knowledge of content and students. The study shows statistically significant difference between professional (certified) and non-professional (non-certified) PKT in favor of the professional teachers. Also, significant difference was found between the mean PKT score of teachers with varied teaching experience in favor of teachers with over 5 years of experience.
( Raphael Trouillon ),( Danny O`hare ),( Soo Ik Chang ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2011 BMB Reports Vol.44 No.11
Nitric oxide (NO) is a critical biological mediator involved in numerous diseases. However, the short lifetime of this molecule in biological conditions can make its study in situ complicated. Here, we review some recent results on the role of NO in angiogenesis, obtained using a biocompatible microelectrode array. This simple system allowed for the quick and easy quantification of NO released from cells grown directly on the surface of the sensor. We have used this technology to demonstrate that angiogenin induces NO release, and to partially elucidate its intracellular transduction pathway. [BMB reports 2011; 44(11): 699-704]
( Raphael Akhijemen Idialu ) 삼육대학교 선교와사회문제연구소 2021 Asia-Africa Journal of Mission and Ministry(AAMM) Vol.23 No.-
A major theme in the Bible which also is the focal point of Proverbs 14:34, is righteousness. It is like a recurring decimal in the preaching of ministers in most church denominations in Nigeria. They especially do this when they emphasise its significance and the detriment of sin in determining the status or position of a nation which are reflected in its being exalted or reproached. Features that enhance the worth of a nation, righteousness or sin are portrayed in the biblical text for this paper and in other cognate texts. The socio-economic situation in Nigeria calls for urgent attention as people live in poverty and painfully below life expectation. Existing studies on Prov. 14:34 have focussed more on the spiritual interpretation of the text, mainly for devotional and liturgical purposes. They did not focus on critical exegetical consideration of how such features could be viable catalysts for socioeconomic development in the Nigerian context. This is the rationale for this work, and the contribution it will make to existing knowledge. The descriptive method of interpretation is adopted for this work. The study is premised on Giovanni E. Reyes’ Modernisation Theory which he defines as a systematic process to move underdeveloped societies to an advanced and productive level of development. The Modernisation Theory stresses the importance of political development vis-à-vis the improvement of a nation’s socio-economic condition; it also emphasises cultural reforms. Righteousness in this text, when read from and applied to the current national and socio-economic reality of Nigeria, hopefully, will stem the current lamentable socio-economic situation in the nation.