Role of Arbitrary Intensity Profile Laser Beam in Trapping of RBC for Phase-imaging

Ranjeet Kumar,Vishal Srivastava,Dalip Singh Mehta,Chandra Shakher 한국광학회 2016 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.20 No.1

Red blood cells (RBCs) are customarily adhered to a bio-functionalised substrate to make them stationaryin interferometric phase-imaging modalities. This can make them susceptible to receive alterations in innatemorphology due to their own weight. Optical tweezers (OTs) often driven by Gaussian profile of a laserbeam is an alternative modality to overcome contact-induced perturbation but at the same time a steeplyfocused laser beam might cause photo-damage. In order to address both the photo-damage and substrateadherence induced perturbations, we were motivated to stabilize the RBC in OTs by utilizing a laser beamof ‘arbitrary intensity profile’ generated by a source having cavity imperfections per se. Thus the immobilizedRBC was investigated for phase-imaging with sinusoidal interferograms generated by a compact and robustMichelson interferometer which was designed from a cubic beam splitter having one surface coated withreflective material and another adjacent coplanar surface aligned against a mirror. Reflected interferogramsfrom bilayers membrane of a trapped RBC were recorded and analyzed. Our phase-imaging set-up is limitedto work in reflection configuration only because of the availability of an upright microscope. Due to RBC’smembrane being poorly reflective for visible wavelengths, quantitative information in the signal is weakand therefore, the quality of experimental results is limited in comparison to results obtained in transmissionmode by various holographic techniques reported elsewhere.

Single Shot White Light Interference Microscopy for 3D Surface Profilometry Using Single Chip Color Camera

Vishal Srivastava,Mohammad Inam,Ranjeet Kumar,Dalip Singh Mehta 한국광학회 2016 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.20 No.6

We present a single shot low coherence white light Hilbert phase microscopy (WL-HPM) for quantitativephase imaging of Si opto-electronic devices, i.e., Si integrated circuits (Si-ICs) and Si solar cells. Whitelight interferograms were recorded by a color CCD camera and the interferogram is decomposed into thethree colors red, green and blue. Spatial carrier frequency of the WL interferogram was increasedsufficiently by means of introducing a tilt in the interferometer. Hilbert transform fringe analysis was usedto reconstruct the phase map for red, green and blue colors from the single interferogram. 3D step heightmap of Si-ICs and Si solar cells was reconstructed at multiple wavelengths from a single interferogram. Experimental results were compared with Atomic Force Microscopy and they were found to be close toeach other. The present technique is non-contact, full-field and fast for the determination of surfaceroughness variation and morphological features of the objects at multiple wavelengths.

A Probabilistic-Based Reputation Computation Model for VANET

Kapil Sharma,Aditya shrivastava,Ranjeet Singh Tomar,Brijesh Kumar Chaurasia,Namkyun Baik 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.10 No.12

Reputation computation model facilitates vehicles to broadcast traffic information in a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) in order to improve road safety and efficiency. In this paper, a probabilistic-based reputation computation model for VANETs has been evaluated. The uncertainty of reputation is transformed into a probability distribution over possible reputed states that are hidden from observation but determined by a vehicle’s expected experience in VANET are addressed in this work. HMM is utilized to evaluate the level of reputation in VANET exhibiting dynamic behaviour. The proposed mechanism is probability distribution centric, though the later mechanism is docile to predict accurate trust value of messages. The time taken by the proposed scheme is significantly less and transmission over the shared wireless channel is in the order of milliseconds. Extensive results and simulation show that efficacy of the proposed model.

Intrinsic Tumour Factors Affecting Recurrence in Non Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: a Hospital Based Study from India

Mehta, Nisarg,Rathore, Ranjeet Singh,Pillai, Biju S,Sam, Mohan P,Moorthy, Krishna Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.7

Background: Depending on various pathological factors, non muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) shows varying degrees of recurrence. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of recurrence of NMIBS in our centre, study the influence of intrinsic tumour characteristics like grade, stage, size and number, and compare our results with data in the published literature. Materials and Methods: A hospital based retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent treatment for NMIBC from 2011 to 2014. The factors studied were number, size, grade, stage and site for correlation with recurrence. Statistical analysis was performed using Medcalc version 12, using Pearson's Chi square test to ascertain associations between variables. Results: A total of 73 patients with NMIBC were studied of which 48 (65.8%) had low grade and 25 (34.2%) had high grade tumours. Some 38 patients (52.1%) had Ta tumours, 34 (46.6%) had T1 and one had CIS. Mean follow up was 34.3 months. Recurrence rates were found to be 33.3% in low grade and 52.0% in high grade tumours. The overall recurrence rate in our centre was 39.7%. Significant correlations were seen between stage and recurrence, with a rate of 15% for Ta and 63.3% for T1 tumours. Fourteen out of 21 bladder cancers (66.6%) with multiple tumours demonstrated recurrence (p=0.006). Grade, size and site had no influence. Conclusions: In our study, recurrence of NMIBC was found to be directly proportional to stage and number of primary tumours, but not grade, size and site. The incidence of recurrence of NMIBC both stage wise and grade wise in our centre was also low compared to the data in the published literature.

NaX 제올라이트가 담지된 허니컴 흡착제의 제조 및 이의 이산화탄소 흡착특성

Yoo, Yoon-Jong,Kim, Hong-Soo,Singh, Ranjeet,Xiao, Penny,Webley, Paul A.,Chaffee, Alan L. 한국공업화학회 2009 공업화학 Vol.20 No.6

The honeycomb adsorbent was prepared for adsorbing and seadsorbent was prepared by using zeolite sheet, which contained zeolite as component. The steady-state adsorption properties and surface morphologies were analyzed and breakthrough characteristics were ananlyzed by providing 16% carbon dioxide mixed gas. By thermal regeneration, carbon dioxide concentration properties were analyzed, and the adsorptive separation process was compared between thermal swing adsorption and pressure swing adsorption after adsorbent temperature change during heating. The breakthrough results of the honeycomb showed possibility parating carbon dioxide from combustion exhaust gas, which had deep impact on climate change, and the characteristics of the adsorbent were studied. Na-X zeolite was coated on a honeycomb prepared with ceramic sheet or active carbon sheet so that the two honycomb can be used at high temperature. Third honeycomb of rotary adsorptive concentration process. 지구온난화에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 이산화탄소를 연소 후 배가스로부터 흡착 분리하기 위한 허니컴 흡착소자의 제조 및 그 특성에 관한 것이다. 고온사용이 가능하도록 세라믹쉬트, 활성탄소 쉬트를 사용하여 허니컴을 제조하였고 그 위에 Na-X 제올라이트를 코팅하였다. 또한 Na-X 제올라이트를 포함시킨 제올라이트 쉬트를 사용하여 허니컴 흡착제를 제조하였다. 이들 세 가지 허니컴 흡착제에 대하여 이산화탄소 흡착량, 표면특성 그리고 16% 이산화탄소 혼합가스를 공급하여 파과특성을 분석하였다. 또한 가열재생에 따른 이산화탄소 농축특성과 가열시 허니컴 흡착제의 온도변화를 분석하여 열스윙 흡착 분리공정에서의 우월성을 비교 분석하였다. 이들 허니컴을 사용한 흡착파과실험 결과를 바탕으로 하여 회전식 흡착 농축공정의 적용 가능예를 보여주었다.

Exploration of Heat Stress-Responsive Markers in Understanding Trait Associations in Wheat

Manjunatha P. B.,Nivedita Sinha,Hari Krishna,Divya Chauhan,Pawan Kumar,Ranjeet R. Kumar,Neelu Jain,P. K. Singh,G. P. Singh 한국식물학회 2021 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.64 No.2

Heat stress (HS) is detrimental to wheat production and productivity globally. To combat HS, several genetic, molecular, and genomic approaches have been employed in the past. Analyzing the physiochemical mechanisms and the important regulatory genes involved is the key to develop HS tolerant plants. In the present work, a total of 243 novel simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers developed from stress-associated genes identified through RNA-seq were used for understanding marker–trait associations. 37 SSRs were found to be clearly polymorphic and among these, 28 SSR loci were significantly associated with component traits of HS tolerance. The polymorphic SSRs were validated for diversity analysis on a subset of 85 genotypes. The genotypes were grouped into four clusters representing diverse and similar alleles imparting HS tolerance in Indian and exotic genotypes. Additionally, 28 genes selected for the expression analysis confirmed that 15 genes were induced under HS in the thermotolerant WH1021 and Raj3765 and repressed in thermosusceptible HD2009 cultivar. Hence, the information on traits associated with candidate genes and the SSR markers overlying on the gene will enhance our understanding of thermotolerance mechanism operating in wheat and will help the breeders in the precise development of heat-tolerant genotypes through marker-assisted selection (MAS).

Incidentally Detected Adenocarcinoma Prostate in Transurethral Resection of Prostate Specimens: a Hospital Based Study from India

Varghese, Jophy,Kuruvilla, Priya Mariam,Mehta, Nisarg,Rathore, Ranjeet Singh,Babu, Manas,Bansal, Devesh,Pillai, Biju,Sam, Mohan P,Krishnamorthy, H Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.4

Background: Awareness about prostate cancer has increased in the community, and prostate cancer screening examinations, including prostate specific antigen (PSA) assays, are now widely available. Prior to the PSA era, up to 27% of prostate cancers were detected incidentally at the time of transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). After PSA testing became widely available, the incidence of incidentally detected carcinoma prostate in TURP specimens without prior diagnosis reduced to 5-13%. However, the incidence of incidentally detected carcinoma prostate has been reported to vary across the globe since various factors can influence the identification of this malignancy in TURP specimens. In this paper, we focus on rates of incidentally detected prostate cancer in TURP specimens in our hospital and correlate it with various parameters. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study of histopathological findings of biopsy specimens was conducted for patients undergoing TURP during a period of 5 years from April 2010. The inclusion criteria were patients diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (digital rectal examination (DRE) not showing any abnormally hard areas and normal age adjusted PSA values). Patients with elevated PSA, abnormal DRE, documented urinary tract infection and proved adenocarcinoma prostate (CaP) were excluded from the study. The total weight of prostatectomy specimen, occurrence of carcinoma prostate in the chips, percentage of total tissue resected showing malignancy and Gleason's scores were recorded. Results: A total of 597 patients belonging to the inclusion criteria were studied. The incidence of occult CaP in the study group was 5.2 % (31/597). Out of these, 8 belonged to T1a and 23 belonged to T1b stages. The age group 70 - 79 years had the maximum incidence of occult CaP. It was observed that the clinical grading of prostate did not have a bearing on the incidence of occult CaP whereas the weight of resected specimen correlated with the incidence of CaP. The incidence of occult CaP was greater with low volume prostates (<20 g). (P=0.15). Conclusions: The rate of incidentally detected adenocarcinoma prostate in patients undergoing TURP for clinically diagnosed BPH was found to be only 5.2 % in our study which is low when compared with similar studies done elsewhere. The age of the patient and weight of the resected specimen correlated with incidence of occult prostate cancer. The clinical grading of prostate by DRE however, demonstrated no correlation.

NaX 제올라이트가 담지된 허니컴 흡착제의 제조 및 이의 이산화탄소 흡착특성

유윤종 ( Yoon Jong Yoo ),김홍수 ( Hong Soo Kim ),( Ranjeet Singh ),( Penny Xiao ),( Paul A. Webley ),( Alan L. Chaffee ) 한국공업화학회 2009 공업화학 Vol.20 No.6

Highly dispersed Cu-ZnO-ZrO2 nanoparticles on hydrotalcite adsorbent as efficient composite catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol

Xin Fang,Yuhan Men,Fan Wu,Qinghu Zhao,Ranjeet Singh,Penny Xiao,Liying Liu,Tao Du,Paul A. Webley 한국화학공학회 2021 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.38 No.4

CO2 hydrogenation to methanol is attracting specific interest because of its potential economic and environmental benefits in transforming waste CO2 to value-added hydrocarbons. Copper-based catalysts are documented as efficient and widely applied, whereas insufficient catalytic properties of conventional catalysts hinder their application. Herein, catalysts using Mg-Al hydrotalcite (HT) as the carrier of Cu/ZnO/ZrO2 (CZZ) nanoparticles were prepared to exploit special advantages of hydrotalcite on copper dispersion and catalytic performance. The results show that CZZ nanoparticles can be uniformly dispersed on external surfaces of HT, elevating BET surface areas of CZZ-HT samples by at least 2.5 times compared to pure CZZ. The HT carrier also enriches strong basic sites and hence elevates CO2 adsorption capabilities in the range of reaction temperature. Both copper surface area and copper dispersion of CZZ-HT samples are improved dramatically. A catalyst containing 45.1 wt% of CZZ shows 1.1 times higher copper surface area per gram CZZ and 1.6 times higher copper dispersion than the reference CZZ. Subsequent reactions demonstrate the CZZ-HT samples show remarkably promoted turnover frequency (TOF) for methanol synthesis and retain considerable catalyst stability. The typical catalyst prepared in this research, at the reaction temperature of 523 K and pressure of 3.0MPa, presents a 68.2% higher methanol STYCu per gram copper and an 117.0% higher SMeOH/SCO ratio than the commercial catalyst. The support HT plays a crucial role for the enhanced catalytic performance physically and chemically. Thus, the as-prepared CZZ-HT catalyst provides a significant improvement for CO2 utilization.