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Modification of Substrate Inhibition of Synaptosomal Acetylcholinesterase by Cardiotoxins
Ranaei-Siadat, Seyed-Omid,Riazi, Gholam-Hosein,Sadeghi, Mehdi,Chang, Long-Sen,Lin, Shinne-Ren,Eghtesadi-Araghi, Peyman,Hakimelahi, Gholam Hossein,Moosavi-Movahedi, Ali Akbar Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2004 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.37 No.3
Different types of cardiotoxin (I-V and n) were isolated and purified from the venom of the Taiwan cobra (Naja naja atra). The effects of these cardiotoxins were studied on membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase, which was isolated from a sheep's brain cortex. The results showed that cardiotoxins I-III, V, and n activated the enzyme by modification of substrate inhibition, but cardiotoxin IV's reaction was different. The inhibition and activation of acetylcholinesterase were linked to the functions of the hydrophobicity index, presence of a cationic cluster, and the accessible arginine residue. Our results indicate that Cardiotoxins have neither a cationic cluster nor an arginine residue in their surface area of loop I; therefore, in contrast to fasciculin, cardiotoxins are attached by loop II to the peripheral site of the enzyme. As a result, fasciculin seems to stabilize nonfunctional conformation, but cardiotoxins seem to stabilize the functional conformation of the enzyme. Based on our experimental and theoretical findings, similar secondary and tertiary structures of cardiotoxins and fasciculin seem to have an opposite function once they interact with acetylcholinesterase.
Meat Value Chain Losses in Iran
Ranaei, Vahid,Pilevar, Zahra,Esfandiari, Changiz,Khaneghah, Amin Mousavi,Dhakal, Rajan,Vargas-Bello-Perez, Einar,Hosseini, Hedayat Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2021 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.41 No.1
To stop hunger, reducing food losses is a potential movement towards saving food. A large portion of these losses could be avoided and reduced through the improved food chain in many countries. Raising awareness on how and where food losses occur will help recovering foods such as meat by identifying solutions and convincing people to implement those solutions. This, in turn, will lead to private and public efforts to recover meat that might be otherwise wasted. After highlighting the importance of food saving benefits and relevant statistics, this paper explains the possible ways to reduce meat loss and waste in abattoirs and presents a framework for prevention according to the estimates of meat losses in Iran meat supply. The current article answers the questions of where do we have the meat loss in Iran and what approaches are most successful in reducing losses in the meat industry. The national average loss and waste in meat production are about 300,000 metric tonnes (about 15%). Many segments and players are involved with this huge amount of losses in the meat value chain, a large portion of these losses could be avoided and reduced by about 25% through using by-products with the mechanization of design and manufacturing. The production amount of mechanically deboned meat (MDM) is 105,091,000 kg, concluding the major waste (88.33%) of total poultry losses. Ensuring appropriate actions by exploiting the full potential of engaged Iranian associations and institutes is considered to reduce the losses.
Modification of Substrate Inhibition of Synaptosomal Acetylcholinesterase by Cardiotoxins
( Seyed Omid Ranaei Siadat ),( Gholam Hosein Riazi ),( Mehdi Sadeghi ),( Long Sen Chang ),( Shinne Ren Lin ),( Peyman Eghtesadi Araghi ),( Gholam Hossein Hakimelahi ),( Ali Akbar Moosavi Movahedi ) 생화학분자생물학회 2004 BMB Reports Vol.37 No.3
Different types of cardiotoxin (I-V and n) were isolated and purified from the venom of the Taiwan cobra (Naja naja atra). The effects of these cardiotoxins were studied on membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase, which was isolated from a sheep`s brain cortex. The results showed that cardiotoxins I-III, V, and n activated the enzyme by modification of substrate inhibition, but cardiotoxin IV`s reaction was different. The inhibition and activation of acetylcholinesterase were linked to the functions of the hydrophobicity index, presence of a cationic cluster, and the accessible arginine residue. Our results indicate that Cardiotoxins have neither a cationic cluster nor an argininge residue in their surface area of loop I; therefore, in contrast to fasciculin, cardiotoxins are attached by loop II to the peripheral site of the enzyme. As a result, fasciculin seems to stabilize nonfunctional conformation, but cardiotoxins seem to stabilize the functional conformation of the enzyme. Based on our experimental and theoretical findings, similar secondary and tertiary structures of cardiotoxins and fasciculin seem to have an opposite function once they interact with acetylcholinesterase. s
Siadat, S.O. Ranaei The Korean Electrochemical Society 2015 Journal of electrochemical science and technology Vol.6 No.3
This study introduces a facile strategy to prepare metal oxide/conducting polymer nanocomposites that may have promising applications in energy storage devices. Ploy aniline/nano wire manganese dioxide (PANI/NwMnO<sub>2</sub>) was synthesized by cyclic voltammetry on glassy carbon electrode. Morphology and structure of the composite, pure PANI, MnO<sub>2</sub> nanowires were fully characterized using XRD and SEM analysis. Electrochemical studies shows excellent synergistic effect between PANI and MnO<sub>2</sub> nanowires which results in its capacitance increase and cycle stability against PANI electrode. Specific capacitances of PANI/NwMnO<sub>2</sub> and PANI were 456 and 190 F/g respectively. The electrochemical performance of electrodes studied using cyclic voltammetry, Galvanostatic charge/discharge and impedance spectroscopy.
Green Synthesized Cobalt Nano Particles for using as a Good Candidate for Sensing Organic Compounds
Siada, S. O. Ranaei The Korean Electrochemical Society 2015 Journal of electrochemical science and technology Vol.6 No.4
In this work electrochemical oxidation of Ascorbic acid (AA) on the surface of Cobalt nano particle modified carbon paste electrode (CoNPsMCPE) was studied in alkaline media. CoNPs were green synthesized using Piper longum and a mixture of 5% (w/w) of it were made with carbon paste. CoNPs showed good electrocatalytic activity in alkaline media. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) were used to study the electrochemical performance of CoNPsMCPE. The number of monolayers on the surface of electrode was calculated as 1.08×10<sup>9</sup> mol cm<sup>−2</sup> that is equal to that of metal Cobalt electrode. Diffusion coefficient of AA was determined using CA analysis which was equal to 1.5×10<sup>−6</sup>cm<sup>2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>.