Understanding the Concept of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Athletes: A Narrative Review

Anvi RANA(Anvi RANA ) 한국스포츠과학회 2022 스포츠과학연구(JSAS) Vol.6 No.4

New insights into the aetiology of anaemia in athletes have been discovered in recent years. From hemodilution and redistribution, which are thought to commit to so-called “sports anaemia,” to iron deficiency triggered by higher requirements, dietary requirements, decreased uptake, enhanced losses, hemolysis, and sequester, to genetic factors of different types of anaemia (some related to sport), anaemia in athletes necessitates a careful and multisystem methodology. Dietary factors that hinder iron absorption and enhance iron bioavailability (e.g., phytate, polyphenols) should be considered. Celiac disease, which is more common in female athletes, may be the consequence of an iron deficiency anaemia that is unidentified. Sweating, hematuria, gastrointestinal bleeding, inflammation, and intravascular and extravascular hemolysis are all ways iron is lost during strength training. In training, evaluating the iron status, particularly in athletes at risk of iron deficiency, may work on improving iron balance and possibly effectiveness. Iron status is influenced by a healthy gut microbiome. To eliminate hemolysis, athletes at risk of iron deficiency should engage in non-weight-bearing, low-intensity sporting activities.

A graphene-based transparent electrode for use in flexible optoelectronic devices

Rana, Kuldeep,Singh, Jyoti,Ahn, Jong-Hyun The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Journal of Materials Chemistry C Vol.2 No.15

<P>Graphene, a monolayer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb structure, is a unique material with outstanding properties that may be useful in applications ranging from electronic devices to energy storage devices. The versatile properties of graphene make it suitable for use in flexible and transparent optoelectronics, biological sensors, energy storage and conversion devices, electromechanical devices, and heat spreaders. This review focuses on recent progress in methods for graphene growth, modification, and transfer, and the uses of graphene as a transparent conducting electrode in flexible organic optoelectronic devices. Although prototypical laboratory-scale graphene-based devices have been prepared to demonstrate the advantages of graphene, many challenges must be addressed before such devices can be realized commercially.</P>

THE CONDITIONAL COVERING PROBLEM ON UNWEIGHTED INTERVAL GRAPHS

Rana, Akul,Pal, Anita,Pal, Madhumangal The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2010 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.28 No.1

The conditional covering problem is an important variation of well studied set covering problem. In the set covering problem, the problem is to find a minimum cardinality vertex set which will cover all the given demand points. The conditional covering problem asks to find a minimum cardinality vertex set that will cover not only the given demand points but also one another. This problem is NP-complete for general graphs. In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm to solve the conditional covering problem on interval graphs with n vertices which runs in O(n)time.

Antibiotics in Livestock and Their Effects on the Human Health: Mini Review

Rana Md. Shohel,허선진 공주대학교 자원과학연구소 2022 자원과학연구 Vol.4 No.1

An increase in livestock then led to unsanitary conditions and disease in the animals, prompting producers to administer constant low doses of antibiotics to their animals as a prophylactic to prevent disease. However, the use of antibiotics in food production also led to the spread and development of antimicrobial resistance. Likewise, extensive antibiotic resistance has been reported for bacteria, including human pathogens, from farmed fish and market shrimp. Some of the antibiotic resistance genes identified in food bacteria have also been identified in humans, providing indirect evidence for transfer by food handling and/or consumption. However, therapeutic uses of antibiotics may cause an adverse effect on normal human microflora. Antibiotics can decrease the number of bacteria and sometimes kill the beneficial bacterial species. Basically, broad-spectrum antibiotics may have a potential adverse effect on wide range of gut flora resulting gastrointestinal disturbance. In developed countries, an assortment of systems and programs to monitor antibiotic use, as well as antibiotics resistance in food animals, food products, and humans have been implemented. Such initiatives have led to the substantial decrease of antibiotic consumption and rates of resistance in these settings. This review provides updated information on the antibiotics resistance in livestock and human health.

Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Viruses Linked with Fig Mosaic Disease in Seventeen Fig Cultivars in Palestine

Rana Majed Jamous,Salam Yousef Abu Zaitoun,Omar Bassam Mallah,Munqez Shtaya,Toufic Elbeaino,Mohammed Saleem Ali-Shtayeh 한국식물병리학회 2020 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.36 No.3

Fig mosaic is a viral disease (FMD) that spreads in Palestinian common fig (Ficus carica L.) orchards. Recognizing the economic value of fig plants and the harmful nature of FMD, the disease poses a significant threat to the economy of the fig production in Palestine. We applied the reverse transcription and amplification (RT-PCR) and PCR technique to leaf samples of 77 trees and 14 seedlings of 17 fig cultivars. The samples were collected from orchards in the main fig-growing provinces of the Palestinian West Bank, to assess the prevalence of viruses associated with FMD, and con- firm a possible link of symptoms with viruses detected. Four viruses were detected: Fig mosaic virus (FMV), Fig badnavirus-1 (FBV-1), Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 2 (FLMaV-2), and Fig fleck-associated virus (FFkaV). FMV and FBV-1 were found in all tested fig plants (100%), while FLMaV-2 and FFkaV were detected in 61.5% and 33% of the fig samples, respectively. The high incidence of FBV-1 in the newly propagated symptomatic and symptomless seedlings from differ- ent cultivars may be an indication that FBV-1 is integrated into the genome of the fig in a cultivar nondiscriminatory manner. Very weak or no association was detected between FMD symptoms severity in the 17 Palestinian fig cultivars with the various viruses’ combinations observed (i.e., number of the viruses infecting the plant). These results support the notion that FMD symptom severity expression is likely to be controlled by a combination of FMV infection, cultivars, and environmental factors, rather than the number of viruses infecting the plant.

Microscopic molecular dynamics characterization of the second-order non-Navier-Fourier constitutive laws in the Poiseuille gas flow

Rana, A.,Ravichandran, R.,Park, J. H.,Myong, R. S. American Institute of Physics 2016 Physics of fluids Vol.28 No.8

Enhancement of Thermal Stability and Phase Relaxation Behavior of Chitosan Dissolved in Aqueous l-Lactic Acid: Using 'Silver Nanoparticles' as Nano Filler

Rana, V.K.,Pandey, Asutosh K.,Singh, Raj Pal,Kumar, B.,Mishra, Satyendra,Ha, Chang-Sik 한국고분자학회 2010 Macromolecular Research Vol.18 No.8

Chitosan films with various compositions of silver nanoparticles were prepared by solution casting with an aqueous solution of chitosan and l-lactic acid. The chitosan/Ag nanocomposites were characterized by wide angle Xray diffraction (WAXD) and UV-vis spectroscopy. An analysis of the surface topography and size of the Ag nanoparticles (${\leq}$100 nm) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA) confirmed the increase in thermal stability with increasing Ag nanoparticle content in the nanocomposites. Dynamic thermal analysis (DMA) was used to examine the phase relaxation behavior of chitosan and its nanocomposites. The conductivity of chitosan/Ag nanocomposites was considered with respect to the frequency. Contact angle measurements were used to characterize the surface twistability, surface cleanliness, and hydrophilic/hydrophobic nature of the surface.

Core–shell morphology and characterization of carbon nanotube nanowires click coupled with polypyrrole

Rana, Sravendra,Cho, Jae Whan IOP Pub 2011 Nanotechnology Vol.22 No.27

<P>Core–shell nanowires having multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) as a core and polypyrrole (PPy) as a shell were synthesized using Cu(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition click chemistry. According to transmission electron microscopy measurements, the uniform PPy layers of 10–20 nm in thickness were formed well on the MWNT’s surface. In particular ‘grafting from’ click coupling was more effective in obtaining uniform and stable core–shell nanowires as well as in the reaction yield, compared to ‘grafting to’ click coupling. This is due to chemical bond formation between PPy and MWNT in equal intervals along the longitudinal direction of the MWNT, achieved by ‘grafting from’ click coupling. As a result, the core–shell nanowires were very stable even in the sonication of nanowires and showed an enhanced electrical conductivity of 80  S cm<SUP> − 1</SUP>, due to the synergetic interaction between MWNTs and PPy, which is higher than the conductivity of pure MWNTs and pure PPy. In addition, the core–shell nanowires could show better NO<SUB>2</SUB> gas sensing properties compared to pure MWNTs and pure PPy as well as MWNT/PPy composites prepared by <I>in situ</I> polymerization. The synthesized core–shell nanowires would play an important role in preparing electrical and sensing devices. </P>

Lack of Association of the NPAS2 Gene Ala394Thr Polymorphism (rs2305160:G>A) with Risk of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Rana, Sobia,Shahid, Adeela,Ullah, Hafeez,Mahmood, Saqib Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.17

Background: NPAS2 is a product of the circadian clock gene. It acts as a putative tumor suppressor by playing an important role in DNA damage responses, cell cycle control and apoptosis. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) appears to be an apoptosis related disorder and alteration in the NPAS2 gene might therefore be directly involved in the etiology of CLL. Here, the Ala394Thr polymorphism (rs2305160:G>A) in the NPAS2 gene was genotyped and melatonin concentrations were measured in a total of seventy-four individuals, including thirty-seven CLL cases and an equal number of age- and sex-matched healthy controls in order to examine the effect of NPAS2 polymorphism and melatonin concentrations on CLL risk in a Pakistani population. Materials and Methods: Genotyping of rs2305160:G>A polymorphism at NPAS2 locus was carried out by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). Melatonin concentrations were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software. Results: Our results demonstrated no association of the variant Thr genotypes (Ala/Thr and Thr/Thr) with risk of CLL. Similarly, no association of rs2305160 with CLL was observed in either females or males after stratification of study population on a gender basis. Moreover, when the subjects with CLL were further stratified into shift-workers and non-shift-workers, no association of rs2305160 with CLL was seen in either case. However, significantly low serum melatonin levels were observed in CLL patients as compared to healthy subjects (p<0.05). Also, lower melatonin levels were seen in shift-workers as compared to non-shift-workers (p<0.05). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the melatonin levels across NPAS2 genotypes in all subjects, subjects with CLL who were either shift workers or non-shift-workers. General Linear Model (GLM) univariate analysis revealed no significant association (p>0.05) of the rs2305160 polymorphism of the NPAS2 gene with melatonin levels in any of the groups. Conclusions: While low melatonin levels and shift-work can be considered as one of the risk factors for CLL, the NPAS2 rs2305160 polymorphism does not appear to have any association with risk of CLL in our Pakistani population.

Optimization for glimepiride dissolution enhancement utilizing different carriers and techniques

Rana R. Makar,Randa Latif,Ehab A. Hosni,Omaima N. El Gazayerly 한국약제학회 2013 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.43 No.2

The present work is a comparative study that matches between carriers and techniques used to prepare solid mixtures with glimepiride. The study is directed towards elucidation of the most promising carrier capable of highly improving drug dissolution along with the most successful technique used for drug formulation. Mixtures were tested for drug content and dissolution. The most optimum formulae were characterized by DSC, IR and XRPD. Kinetic treatment of dissolution data was performed for physical and co-ground mixtures, solid dispersions and their adsorbates, triple solid dispersions and their adsorbates, microwave generated or treated solid dispersions. Results revealed that enhancing effectmostly reached maximum with ternary solid dispersion adsorbate (TSDads). The latter technique demonstrated a dramatic increase in drug dissolution rate which was reflected in the shortest half-life for most carriers at variable degrees. The highest dissolution rate was attained with pregelatinized starch and decreased to variable degrees with remaining carriers. Differences were ascribed to chemical nature as well as relative water solubility of carriers. The combined effects of incorporating surfactants, polymers and adsorbents to glimepiride contributed together to improve wetting, reduce crystallinity and caused substantial increase in the surface area which made TSDads the most promising technique for enhancing dissolution of glimepiride.