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Crisp, Ryan W.,Pach, Gregory F.,Kurley, J. Matthew,France, Ryan M.,Reese, Matthew O.,Nanayakkara, Sanjini U.,MacLeod, Bradley A.,Talapin, Dmitri V.,Beard, Matthew C.,Luther, Joseph M. American Chemical Society 2017 Nano letters Vol.17 No.2
<P>We developed a monolithic CdTe–PbS tandem solar cell architecture in which both the CdTe and PbS absorber layers are solution-processed from nanocrystal inks. Due to their tunable nature, PbS quantum dots (QDs), with a controllable band gap between 0.4 and ∼1.6 eV, are a promising candidate for a bottom absorber layer in tandem photovoltaics. In the detailed balance limit, the ideal configuration of a CdTe (<I>E</I><SUB>g</SUB> = 1.5 eV)–PbS tandem structure assumes infinite thickness of the absorber layers and requires the PbS band gap to be 0.75 eV to theoretically achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 45%. However, modeling shows that by allowing the thickness of the CdTe layer to vary, a tandem with efficiency over 40% is achievable using bottom cell band gaps ranging from 0.68 and 1.16 eV. In a first step toward developing this technology, we explore CdTe–PbS tandem devices by developing a ZnTe–ZnO tunnel junction, which appropriately combines the two subcells in series. We examine the basic characteristics of the solar cells as a function of layer thickness and bottom-cell band gap and demonstrate open-circuit voltages in excess of 1.1 V with matched short circuit current density of 10 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> in prototype devices.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2017/nalefd.2017.17.issue-2/acs.nanolett.6b04423/production/images/medium/nl-2016-04423k_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl6b04423'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Buddhist No-Self and Mindful Consumerism
Ryan Long 동국대학교 불교학술원 2007 International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Cultur Vol.8 No.-
Fundamental Buddhist concepts, such as interrelatedness, karma, and desire, readily tie into an ecologically sustainable perspective. These, and other Buddhist views and ideas, if integrated into daily life choices, have great potential for rectifying and enhancing human interactions with ecosystems and the universe as a whole. This paper is written in an attempt to investigate and encourage the role of Buddhists as mindful consumers through a two-fold synthesis. It incorporates the consideration of both Buddhist philosophy and ecological sustainability issues through academic literature review while illustrating the potential for active integration among the two areas of thought through the use of creative metaphor expansion and short fictional stories, in addition to more conventional academic style. It has been the attempt of the author to apply such a format for discussion without undermining the academic integrity of the paper and it is the hope of the author that such an approach will expedite a more thorough understanding of the topic.
Finite-element modeling of a light-framed wood roof structure
Ryan B Jacklin,Ashraf A. El Damatty,Ahmed A. Dessouki 한국풍공학회 2014 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.19 No.6
Past high speed wind events have exposed the vulnerability of the roof systems of existing light-framed wood structures to uplift loading, contributing greatly to economic and human loss. This paper further investigates the behaviour of light-framed wood structures under the uplift loading of a realistic pressure distribution. A three-dimensional finite-element model is first developed to capture the behaviour of a recently completed full-scale experiment. After describing the components used to develop the numerical model, a comparison between the numerical prediction and experimental results in terms of the deflected shape at the roof-to-wall connections is presented to gain confidence in the numerical model. The model is then used to analyze the behaviour of the truss system under realistic and equivalent uniform pressure distributions and to perform an assessment of the use of the tributary area method to calculate the withdrawal force acting on the roof-to-wall connections.
Ryan J. Lukeman,Leah F. Beveridge,Andrea D. Flynn,David J. Garbary 한국조류학회I 2012 ALGAE Vol.27 No.1
A mathematical model of the commercial harvest of Palmaria palmata (Dulse) is presented based on a logistic model and field data collected on Digby Neck, Nova Scotia from 14 harvested shores during May to August, 2010. Field observations used to estimate model parameters included cover of Dulse before and after harvest from Dulse dominated boulders for which surface area was estimated, and from which fresh biomass of harvested Dulse was weighed. Over all the surveys the average harvest fraction was about 50%, and the total resource was about 1,600 g m-2. With growth rates in excess of 4% per day and a 50% harvest of the standing crop each month, the model suggests that the Dulse resource is sustainable at current harvest levels.
Study of Non-Newtonian fluid flow in porous media at core scale using analytical approach
Ryan Kurniawan Santoso,Iqbal Fauzi,Miftah Hidayat,Boni Swadesi,Bilal Maydika Aslam,Taufan Marhaendrajana 한국자원공학회 2018 Geosystem engineering Vol.21 No.1
Characterizing in situ polymer rheology in porous media is critical before further implementation of polymer injection in oilfield. Polymer as non-Newtonian fluid has unique behavior whose viscosity changes over various shear rate. This behavior creates unsuitable conditions which can lead to ineffective sweep efficiency improvement. The challenging issue in characterizing the in situ polymer rheology is how to construct the in situ Power Law model since the in situ viscosity cannot be measured directly. In this study, we use an analytical model to construct the in situ Power Law model. The model combines material balance equation, modified Darcy equation for non-Newtonian fluid flow, and equation of state. The model is solved for early (transient) time and late (steady-state) time. Coreflooding results in Berea Sandstone with 2000 and 500 ppm HPAM polymer injection are used for model’s simulations. Rheometer measurements are also used for comparison. The overall simulation results show there is no difference in flow behavior index between rheometer and porous media. The same fluid definitely gives the same flow behavior index through different measurement methods. However, there is significant difference in flow consistency index. It is caused by the effect of porous media’s tortuosity. The quantity of the skin parameter also depicts the thinning and thickening phenomena.
Temperature Dependence of the Optical Properties of High-density GaAs Quantum Dots
Ryan P. Smith,김종수,이상준,노삼규,김진수,임재영,송진동 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.60 No.9
We investigate the effect of the quantum dot (QD) density on the thermal escape and the retrapping processes of carriers for unstrained GaAs/AlGaAs QDs through temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements. We fabricated high-density GaAs QDs (8.4 ?10<sup>10</sup>/cm<sup>2</sup>, dot-dot distance ∼34 nm) on an Al<sub>0.3</sub>Ga<sub>0.7</sub>As/GaAs (111)A surface by using droplet epitaxy. The average lateral size and height of the GaAs QDs are 24 and 6 nm, respectively. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) studies show that high-density GaAs QDs undergo a sigmoidal-shape energy shift. The sigmoidal dependence of the PL peak energy can be explained by thermal escaping of carriers followed by re-trapping by QDs. Our analysis indicates that the re-trapping probability of thermally-escaped carriers increases with decreasing dot-to-dot distance (corresponding to an increase in the QD density).
Ryan E. Stafford,John Arkwright,Phil G. Dinning,Wolbert van den Hoorn,Paul W. Hodges 대한비뇨의학회 2020 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.61 No.5
Purpose: To confirm feasibility of recording pressure along the length of the urethra using a multi-sensor fibre-optic pressure catheter; to identify the spatial and temporal features of changes in pressure along the urethra at sites related to specific striated pelvic floor muscles; and to investigate the relationship between urethral pressures and activation of individual pelvic floor muscles estimated from ultrasound imaging. Materials and Methods: Proof-of-concept study including one male (47 years old) and one female (33 years old). A multi-sensor fibre optic pressure catheter (10 mm sensor separation) was inserted into the urethra. Pressure data were recorded simultaneously with trans-perineal ultrasound imaging measures of pelvic floor muscle activity during sub-maximal and maximal voluntary contractions and evoked coughs. Results: Pressure changes along the urethra were recorded in all tasks in both participants. Face validity of interpretation of pressure measures with respect to individual muscles was supported by correlation with ultrasound-measured displacements induced by the relevant muscles. Onset of pressure increase occurred in a distal to proximal sequence in the urethra of the male but not the female during voluntary contraction. Peak urethral pressures varied in location, timing and amplitude between tasks. Evoked cough induced in the greatest urethral pressure increase across all tasks for both participants. Conclusions: The high spatial resolution pressure catheter provide viable and valid recordings of urethral pressure in a male and female. Data provide preliminary evidence of sex differences in spatial and temporal distribution of urethral pressure changes.
( Ryan Bylsma ),( Mustafa Baldawi ),( Bruce Toporoff ),( Matthew Shin ),( Meghan Cochran-yu ),( Davinder Ramsingh ),( Purvi Parwani ),( David G. Rabkin ) 대한외상학회 2021 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.34 No.2
We present a case of delayed diagnosis of traumatic tricuspid valve rupture in a patient who was emergently brought to the operating room for repair of lacerations to the heart and liver without intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Initial post-operative transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) did not show structural pathology. One week later, TTE with better image quality showed severe tricuspid regurgitation. Subsequently, TEE clearly demonstrated rupture of the anterior papillary muscle and flail anterior tricuspid leaflet. The case description is followed by a brief discussion of the utility of TEE in the setting of blunt thoracic trauma.