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국내 정신분열병 및 분열정동장애 환자에서 리스페리돈과 올란자핀의 효과와 안전성 비교 분석연구
안용민,정성훈,김용식,한국 RODOS 연구자 모임 대한신경정신의학회 2002 신경정신의학 Vol.41 No.2
연구목적 및 방법 : 대표적인 비정형 항정신병약물인 리스페리돈과 올란자핀은 소위‘비정형성’을 갖는다는 측면에선 공 통적이지만, 두 약물들간에는 특성 차이를 가질 것으로 예상된다. 그러나 두 약물을 직접 비교한 연구는 거의 없는 상태이다. 이에 국제 공동 연구인 RODOS(Risperidone and Olanzapine Drug Outcomes study in Schizophrenia)의 일환으로 국내 24개 병원의 정신분열병 및 분열형정동장애 입원환자의 의 무기록 재검토를 통해 리스페리돈과 올란자핀의 효과와 안전성을 후향적으로 비교하였다. 결 과: 올란자핀 사용군이 리스페리돈 사용군에 비하여 이환 기간이 보다 길었고, 최초 입원 환자 비율과 최초 항정신병약물 치료 환자 비율도 보다 낮았다. 이런 변수들의 차이를 공변인으로 교정하였음에도 불구하고 리스페리돈 사용군에서 치료 반응을 보인 환자 비율이 보다 높았으며 치료 효과를 나타내는 시점의 중간 값도 보다 빨랐다. 추체외로 증상의 발생률에선 두 약물간에 차이가 없었으나, 항콜린제 병용 비율은 리스페리돈 사용군에서 유의하게 높았으며, 부작용으로 인한 약물 사용 중단 탈락 비율도 리스페리돈 사용군이 올란자핀 사용군에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 기타 부작용은 두 약물간에 차이가 없었으나, 체중 증가는 올란자핀 사용군에서 유의하게 많았다. 결 론: 본 연구는 후향적 연구로 두 약물을 처방한 환자 특성의 동등성을 확보하지 못하는 등 여러 가지 문 제점과 제한점들을 지니고 있기 때문에 최종적인 결론을 내릴 수는 없었다. 그러나 본 연구는 국내 비정형 항정신병약물의 실제 사용 현황을 보여 주며, 이 약물들간의 단순한 우월성 비교 보다는 장, 단 점을 파악하고 약물 사용 시 지침을 제시한다는 점에서 그 의의가 있겠다. Objectives:Risperidone and Olanzapine, two representative atypical antipsychotics, both have so called ‘atypicality’ in common;however, some discrepancies are expected. Considering this, studies have been surprisingly rare that had directly compared the two drugs head-to-head. We compared the efficacy and tolerability of Risperidone and Olanzapine by retrospective chart review of the patients diagnosed as Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective disorder. This study was a part of international collaborative study, RODOS(Risperidone and Olanzapine Drug Outcomes study in Schizophrenia), and the total of 24 hospitals in Korea had participated in this study. Results:Among the baseline characteristics, the duration of illness was longer in Olanzapine group. Also the proportion of first admitted patients, and that of first medicated patients were both lower in Olanzapine group. Though these baseline differences have been controlled as covariates, the proportion of responsive patients was higher, and the median value of the time to effect was shorter in Risperidone group. There was no significant difference in the rate of extrapyramidal symptoms. However, the drop-out rate due to intolerance and the rate of concomitant anticholinergic usage were significantly higher in Risperidone group compared to Olanzapine group. The rate of other somatic side effects showed no between-group difference, except weight gain which was significantly more prevalent and higher in Olanzapine group. Conclusion:Though Risperidone was found to be superior in efficacy, we could not draw a final conclusion since this study was a retrospective chart review without any randomization which has a severe inherent limitation. This study should not be taken as an attempt to prove one drug’s superiority over the other;rather, an attempt to scrutinize each drugs’ weak and strong points to provide a guideline for proper drug usage accordingly.
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리스페리돈과 올란자핀을 사용한 정신분열병 환자 치료 패턴의 변이 조사
정성훈,안용민,김용식,한국 RODOS 연구자 모임 대한신경정신의학회 2003 신경정신의학 Vol.42 No.1
Objectives:Considerable variations in the contents of clinical practice are the natural consequences of the fact that so many factors can have influences on each clinical decision making processes in the psychiatric treatment, let alone the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia. To attain the goal of rational treatment, it is needed to examine the actual contents of clinical practices and the degree of variations among diverse hospitals. In addition, it is also needed to look into the unique situations in which each hospital is situated. For this purpose, this study tried to investigate the degree of variations in several aspects of the treatment of schizophrenia with atypical antipsychotics currently practiced in Korea. Methods:This study is based on the data from RODOS (Risperidone Olanzapine Drug Outcome Study) in Korea. This study had been designed as a multi-center naturalistic study, therefore, had many advantages for the survey study of actual clinical practices. The subjects of the study were the in-patients who had been given risperidone or olanzapine for the control of their psychotic symptoms. Clinical data had been gathered by retrospective chart review. The degree and the characteristics of the variations were examined by comparing the patient-characteristic variables and the treatment-related variables among each hospital. Results:The differences in the baseline characteristics of the patients including the duration of illness and the past history of psychiatric treatment were substantial among each hospital, and these differences seemed to explain a great portion of the variations in the contents of treatment. The variations in the dosage of risperidone and olanzapine were not conspicuous among each hospital. However, the variations in other treatment-related variables, including duration of admission, proportion of combined therapy with other antipsychotics, usage of anticholinergics, detection rate of extrapyramidal symptoms, remained statistically significant after adjusting the baseline patient characteristics as covariates. Although no significant correlation among each variable was found, a couple of unique practice patterns common to several hospitals could be observed. Conclusions:Considerable variations in the diverse treatment-related variables were observed in the treatment of schizophrenic patients with risperidone and olanzapine. It seemed that the major portion of these variations could be explained by the characteristic of patient group. However, the possibility remained that the other factors including the socio-cultural environment of the community and the disposition of the clinician themselves were still the major contributing factors to these variations. It is expected that the future clinical practice surveys like this study can help the clinicians to reevaluate their current practices, and can help to accumulate the basic data needed to establish the more rational and customized treatment practices.
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Raman Spectroscopy of Fluoropolymer Conformal Coatings on Electronic Boards
Mirjana Rodošek,Lidija Slemenik Perše,Mohor Mihelčič,Matjaž Koželj,Boris Orel,Başak Bengű,Onder Sunetci,Pauli Pori,Angela Šurca Vuk 대한금속·재료학회 2014 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.10 No.5
Fluoropolymer conformal coatings were applied to electronic boards (EBs) and cured at room temperature or 80°C. The coatings were first deposited on model substrate, i.e. aluminium alloy AA 2024 and tested for their anticorrosion properties with a potentiodynamic polarisation technique. The cathodic current densities ranged from 10−9 - 10−10 A/cm2, approaching the lower current limit after the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles into the formulation. Application of fluoropolymer-based formulation was performed via spray-coating deposition. Examination of the coverage of EBs under UV light, which is commonly used in industry, revealed that some components might not be entirely covered. In the search for other possible analytical tools of coverage with protective coatings, optical microscopy and confocal Raman spectroscopy were investigated.
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