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Some properties of equivalent fuzzy norms
Rhie, Gil-Seob,Hwang, In-Ah Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems 2005 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.5 No.2
In the present paper, we observe a relation between fuzzy norms and induced crisp norms on a linear space. We first prove that if $\rho_1,\;\rho_2$ are equivalent fuzzy norms on a linear space, then for every $\varepsilon\in(0.1)$, the induced crisp norms $P_\varepsilon^1,\;and\;P_\varepsilon^2$, respectively are equivalent. Since the converse does not hold, we prove it under some strict conditions. And consider the following theorem proved in [8]: Let $\rho$ be a lower semicontinuous fuzzy norm on a normed linear space X, and have the bounded support. Then $\rho$ is equivalent to the fuzzy norm $\chi_B$ where B is the closed unit ball of X. The lower semi-continuity of $\rho$ is an essential condition which guarantees the continuity of $P_\varepsilon$, where 0 < e < 1. As the last result, we prove that : if $\rho$ is a fuzzy norm on a finite dimensional vector space, then $\rho$ is equivalent to $\chi_B$ if and only if the support of $\rho$ is bounded.
A Characterization of the Weak<SUP>*</SUP>-Integral
Rhie, Gil-Seob,Park, Hi-Kyo 충청수학회 1989 충청수학회지 Vol.2 No.1
The main goal of the present paper is to characterize the $weak^*$-integral, which is a $weak^*$ analogy of Geitz[4].
Rhie, Gi Eun,Chung, Gyung Tae,Lee, Yong Jin,Sung, Won Keung,Oh, Hee Bok 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2000 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.10 No.1
We have earlier reported on the cloning and identification of bft-k from an enterotoxigenic strain of Bacteroides fragilis 419, which was isolated from the blood of a Korean patient who suffered from systemic infections [4, 5]. The bft-k gene encodes a 397-amino-acids metalloprotease enterotoxin, and the protein has been identified as a new isoform of B. fragilis enterotoxins (BFTs), which are cytopathic to intestinal epithelial cells to induce fluid secretion and tissue damage in ligated intestinal loops [4, 6, 18, 20]. This report describes the cloning and sequencing of the enterotoxin pathogenicity islet of B. fragilis 419 which contains the bft-k gene. The cloned enterotoxin pathogenicity islet was found to have 6,045bp in length and to contain 12-bp direct repeats near its end. In the pathogenicity islet, in addition to the BFT-K, two putative open reading frames (ORFs) were identified; (1) the t-3 gene encoding a 396-aminoacids protein of a putative metalloprotease; (2) the third gene encoding an ORF of a 59-amino-acids protein, whose function has not yet been characterized. The expression of the t-3 gene in B. fragilis 419 was verified by western blot analysis.
A Pilot Study of Skin Resurfacing Using the 2,790-nm Erbium:YSGG Laser System
Rhie, Jong Won,Shim, Jeong Su,Choi, Won Seok Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2015 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.42 No.1
Background The erbium:yttrium scandium gallium garnet (Er:YSGG) laser differs from other laser techniques by having a faster and higher cure rate. Since the Er:YSGG laser causes an appropriate proportion of ablation and coagulation, it has advantages over the conventional carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) laser and the erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser, including heating tendencies and explosive vaporization. This research was conducted to explore the effects and safety of the Er:YSGG laser. Methods Twenty patients participated in the pilot study of a resurfacing system using a 2,790-nm Er:YSGG laser. All patients received facial treatment by the 2,790-nm Er:YSGG laser system (Cutera) twice with a 4-week interval. Wrinkle reduction, reduction in pigment inhomogeneity, and improvement in tone and texture were measured. Results Study subjects included 15 women and five men. Re-epithelization occurred in all subjects 3 to 4 days after treatment, and wrinkle reduction, reduction in pigment inhomogeneity, and improvement in tone and texture within 6 months of treatment. Conclusions The 2,790-nm YSGG laser technique had fewer complications and was effective in the improvement of scars, pores, wrinkles, and skin tone and color with one or two treatments. We expect this method to be effective for people with acne scars, pore scars, deep wrinkles, and uneven skin texture and color.
Problem in the Concept of Production of Surplus Value in the Theoretical System of Karl Marx
Rhie, Joosung 서울大學校 經濟硏究所 1987 經濟論集 Vol.26 No.2
If we mention that the value of the labor force should be determined not by labor intensity, but by the productivity of labor, or that it only depends on the required labor time, then we cannot agree with Marx's concept of absolute and relative surplus value, because intensity of labor cannot cut the time of required labor, nor can it raise the productivity of labor at all, other things being equal. This is the reason that I have to stand against Marx.
Rhie, Mi Na,Yoon, Hyo Eun,Oh, Hye Yun,Zedler, Sandra,Unden, Gottfried,Kim, Ok Bin Society for General Microbiology 2014 Microbiology Vol.160 No.7
<P><I>Actinobacillus succinogenes</I>, which is known to produce large amounts of succinate during fermentation of hexoses, was able to grow on C<SUB>4</SUB>-dicarboxylates such as fumarate under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Anaerobic growth on fumarate was stimulated by glycerol and the major product was succinate, indicating the involvement of fumarate respiration similar to succinate production from glucose. The aerobic growth on C<SUB>4</SUB>-dicarboxylates and the transport proteins involved were studied. Fumarate was oxidized to acetate. The genome of <I>A. succinogenes</I> encodes six proteins with similarity to secondary C<SUB>4</SUB>-dicarboxylate transporters, including transporters of the Dcu (C<SUB>4</SUB>-dicarboxylate uptake), DcuC (C<SUB>4</SUB>-dicarboxylate uptake C), DASS (divalent anion : sodium symporter) and TDT (tellurite resistance dicarboxylate transporter) family. From the cloned genes, Asuc_0304 of the DASS family protein was able to restore aerobic growth on C<SUB>4</SUB>-dicarboxylates in a C<SUB>4</SUB>-dicarboxylate-transport-negative <I>Escherichia coli</I> strain. The strain regained succinate or fumarate uptake, which was dependent on the electrochemical proton potential and the presence of Na<SUP>+</SUP>. The transport had an optimum pH ~7, indicating transport of the dianionic C<SUB>4</SUB>-dicarboxylates. Transport competition experiments suggested substrate specificity for fumarate and succinate. The transport characteristics for C<SUB>4</SUB>-dicarboxylate uptake by cells of aerobically grown <I>A. succinogenes</I> were similar to those of Asuc_0304 expressed in <I>E. coli</I>, suggesting that Asuc_0304 has an important role in aerobic fumarate uptake in <I>A. succinogenes</I>. Asuc_0304 has sequence similarity to bacterial Na<SUP>+</SUP>-dicarboxylate cotransporters and contains the carboxylate-binding signature. Asuc_0304 was named SdcA (<U>s</U>odium-coupled C<SUB>4</SUB>-<U>d</U>i<U>c</U>arboxylate transporter from <I><U>A</U></I>. <I>succinogenes</I>).</P>
Substrate Water Content Influences the Flowering of Doritaenopsis Queen Beer ‘Mantefon’
Rhie, Yong Ha,Kang, Seonghwan,Kim, Jongyun American Society for Horticultural Science 2017 HortScience Vol.52 No.12
<P>Automated irrigation systems based on soil moisture sensor measurements can reduce water and fertilizer use while adequately meeting plant water requirements. In this study, the effects of substrate volumetric water content (θ, v/v) on the flowering of 17-month-old <I>Doritaenopsis</I> Queen Beer ‘Mantefon’ (from the time of deflasking) were examined. The plants were transplanted in plastic pots (10.5 cm width × 9.5 cm height) filled with sphagnum moss and the θ of sphagnum moss was maintained at 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 m<SUP>3</SUP>·m<SUP>−3</SUP> using an automated drip irrigation system. Plants grown at a θ threshold of 0.2 m<SUP>3</SUP>·m<SUP>−3</SUP> had thinner leaves and lower SPAD value than those grown at higher θ thresholds. The net CO2 uptake of the uppermost fully expanded leaf increased with increasing θ between 0.2 and 0.4 m<SUP>3</SUP>·m<SUP>−3</SUP>, but there was no significant difference in the net CO2 uptake between plants grown at 0.4 and 0.5 m<SUP>3</SUP>·m<SUP>−3</SUP> thresholds. The number of flower buds at the time of the first open flower was lower in plants grown at θ thresholds of 0.2 and 0.3 m<SUP>3</SUP>·m<SUP>−3</SUP> as compared with that in the plants grown at 0.4 and 0.5 m<SUP>3</SUP>·m<SUP>−3</SUP> thresholds. Early flower abscission, flower bud dropping, and flower senescence during the 2 weeks after flowering occurred in 55% and 30% of the plants at 0.2 and 0.3 m<SUP>3</SUP>·m<SUP>−3</SUP> thresholds, respectively, whereas plants at θ thresholds of 0.4 and 0.5 m<SUP>3</SUP>·m<SUP>−3</SUP> had negligible flower abscission. Although vegetative growth parameters were similar among θ thresholds of 0.3 m<SUP>3</SUP>·m<SUP>−3</SUP> or higher, plants grown at a θ threshold of 0.3 m<SUP>3</SUP>·m<SUP>−3</SUP> produced fewer flowers than those grown at 0.4 and 0.5 m<SUP>3</SUP>·m<SUP>−3</SUP> thresholds. During the 83-day experimental period, the system irrigated the plants ≈0.79, 1.93, 2.46, and 2.84 L/pot at θ thresholds of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 m<SUP>3</SUP>·m<SUP>−3</SUP>, respectively. Overall, 0.4 m<SUP>3</SUP>·m<SUP>−3</SUP> was considered to be an optimal threshold θ level for producing high-quality <I>Doritaenopsis</I> Queen Beer ‘Mantefon’ during the flowering period with most efficient water use.</P>