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ROLLOVER SIMULATION OF SPORTS UTILITY VEHICLES
M. RAM PRABHU(M. RAM PRABHU),N.S. ANDRES(N.S. ANDRES),엄용균(Y.G. Eom),장봉춘(B.C. JANG) 한국자동차공학회 2005 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2005 No.5_2
The simulations on dynamic stability of Sports Utility Vehicles using Carsim/Vehsim software are presented on this paper with the aim of studying the rollover process occurring in such vehicles. Carsim/Vehsim is an integrated simulation package that has been developed for chassis dynamics controls and integration. The simulation procedure makes use of dynamic testing maneuvers (Fishhook tests, J-Turn test and Double Lane Change test) recommended by NHTSA to evaluate the antirollover propensities of SUVs on road. The simulation results emphasize the need for better understanding of SUV rollover performance and characteristics that are very essential in enhancing vehicle design. Furthermore, the simulation dramatically shows less development time and cost reduction compared to field testing. This paper, in general, investigates the dynamic rollover characteristics of 4 SUVs in 2 different road conditions.
Prabhu, V. Vasan,Rajini, V.,Balaji, M.,Prabhu, V. The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2015 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.10 No.2
This paper's focus is in reducing the torque ripple and increasing the average torque by optimizing switching angles of 8/6 switched reluctance motor while implementing a robust speed controller in the outer loop. The mathematical model of the machine is developed and it is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. An objective function and constraints are formulated and Optimum turn-on and turn-off angles are determined using Particle swarm optimization and Genetic Algorithm techniques. The novelty of this paper lies in implementing sliding mode speed controller with optimized angles. The results from both the optimization techniques are then compared with initial angles with one of them clearly being the better option. Speed response is compared with PID controller.
V. Vasan Prabhu,V. Rajini,M. Balaji,V. Prabhu 대한전기학회 2015 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.10 No.2
This paper’s focus is in reducing the torque ripple and increasing the average torque by optimizing switching angles of 8/6 switched reluctance motor while implementing a robust speed controller in the outer loop. The mathematical model of the machine is developed and it is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. An objective function and constraints are formulated and Optimum turn-on and turn-off angles are determined using Particle swarm optimization and Genetic Algorithm techniques. The novelty of this paper lies in implementing sliding mode speed controller with optimized angles. The results from both the optimization techniques are then compared with initial angles with one of them clearly being the better option. Speed response is compared with PID controller.
Prabhu, N.S.,Yun, H. Elsevier Science, Inc 2017 Journal of molecular graphics & modelling Vol.75 No.-
Photo-induced covalent crosslinking has emerged as the powerful strategy for analyzing and characterizing the protein-protein interaction and mapping protein 3D conformations. In the last decades, a number of photocrosslinking amino acids have been reported but only a few have been efficiently utilized for photocrosslinking purposes. Recently, incorporation of diazirine containing photoactivatable analogs such as photo-methionine, photo-leucine, photo-isoleucine and photo-lysine into target proteins were accomplished in live cells (Human A549cells, HEK 293) by depleting corresponding natural amino acid and supplementing these analogs in the medium. Likewise, incorporation of photo-methionine and photo-leucine is also reported in E. coli. Incorporation of these unnatural amino acids were demonstrated only in a limited number species, thereby conventional methods have been utilized for the protein-protein interaction study in other species. With this in mind, we studied in silico analysis of polyspecificity of four endogenous tRNA synthetases (LeuRS, IleRS, MetRS, and LysRS) from six different species such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae and Homo sapiens towards its photocrosslinking amino acids. In addition, here we describe the active site similarity of different protein bio-factories. Based on the active site similarity and similar binding mode, we predicted that the endogenous tRNA synthetases of all the species are reactive to corresponding photoactivatable analogs. This is the first in silico study to demonstrate that the photocrosslinking unnatural amino acids are recognized by the endogenous tRNA synthetases of different protein expression biofactories.
Prabhu, Subbaiah Muthu,Khan, Abuzar,Hasmath Farzana, M.,Hwang, Gil Chan,Lee, Woojin,Lee, Giehyeon Elsevier 2018 Journal of molecular liquids Vol.269 No.-
<P>In this study, graphene oxide-doped nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp@GO) composite was synthesized via a simple in-situ one-pot method and was used as an adsorbent for the removal of toxic diazo dyes, Congo Red (CR) and Trypan Blue (TB), in water. A remarkable adsorption capacity for CR (48.5 mg/g) and TB (41.0 mg/g) were shown on the surface of nHAp@GO (2 g/L), respectively, and was much higher than those of bare nHAp or GO. After doping of GO on nHAp, the specific surface area of nHAp was increased by 2.5 times. The presence of sulphur peak in EDX spectrum and S-O stretching vibration peak in FTIR confirmed the adsorption of dyes on the surface of nHAp@GO composite. After the adsorption process, the shifting of d((100)) spacing of nHAp confirmed the loading of bulky organic moieties on nHAp@GO composite. Maximum CR and TB dyes adsorption occurred in a wide range of initial pH between 3.0 and 10.0. The adsorption of both CR and TB dyes are due mainly to the electrostatic interaction, pi - pi stacking interaction, hydrophobic interaction, and hydrogen bonds between dyes and nHAp@GO composite. The nHAp@GO nanocomposite was recycled up to three times at the sustained efficiency after washing with ethanol solution. We believe that such multifunctional material developed in this study will be effectively used for the depollution of toxic diazo dyes in practical applications. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
Metabolite signature associated with stress susceptibility in socially defeated mice
Prabhu, Vishwanath Vasudev,Nguyen, Thong Ba,Cui, Yin,Oh, Young-Eun,Piao, Yan-Hong,Baek, Hyeon-Man,Kim, Joo-Yeon,Shin, Kwang-Hee,Kim, Ji-hyun,Lee, Keon-Hak,Chung, Young-Chul Elsevier 2019 Brain Research Vol.1708 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Objective</B></P> <P>Social defeat represents a naturalistic form of conditioned fear and is often used as an animal model of depression. The present study aimed to identify the neurochemicals in select brain regions of mice exposed to social defeat stress.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Adult <I>C57BL/6N</I> mice were subjected social defeat stress for 10 days. Using high-resolution magic angle spinning <SUP>1</SUP>H nuclear magnetic resonance (HR-MAS <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR), untargeted metabolomes were measured in the amygdala (AMY), dorsal hippocampus (dHIP), dorsal striatum (dST), and prefrontal cortex (PFC).</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>We observed perturbations of glutamine in the AMY; glutamate in the dHIP; glycine and myo-inositol in the dST; and aspartate, choline, and phosphoethanolamine in the PFC of susceptible and/or unsusceptible groups compared to the control group. The susceptible and unsusceptible groups significantly differed with regard to three metabolites: glutamine, glycine, and choline.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>These findings suggest that social defeat stress induces disturbances in the metabolism of amino acids, lipids, and neurotransmitters in several brain areas. The resulting susceptibility-related metabolites may provide new insights into the pathophysiology underlying stress-related mental illness.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Defeated mice were classified as unsusceptible and susceptible groups. </LI> <LI> HR-MAS <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR revealed disturbances in the metabolites of defeated mice brain. </LI> <LI> Results may elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms related to stress susceptibility. </LI> </UL> </P>
Prabhu, Vignesh,Gupta, Sunil K.,Madhwal, Sandeep,Shridhar, Vijay Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2019 Safety and health at work Vol.10 No.2
Background: Street vendors spend relatively more time near roadways and are vulnerable to air pollution related health disorders. However, there is limited information on the quality of the air they breathe. The objectives of this present study were to calculate the mass concentration of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) in eight size fractions ($PM_{0.4-0.7}$, $PM_{0.7-1.1}$, $PM_{1.1-2.1}$, $PM_{2.1-3.3}$, $PM_{3.3-4.7}$, $PM_{4.7-5.8}$, $PM_{5.8-9.0}$, and $PM_{9.0--0{\mu}m}$) at commercial (CML) and residential site (RSL) in Dehradun city from November 2015 to May 2016. To estimate the corresponding respiratory deposition dose (RDDs) in alveolar (AL), tracheobronchial (TB), and head airway (HD) region on street vendors working at CML and RSL. To find the association of atmospheric PM with RDDs and the incidence of respiratory related disorders among street vendors. Methods: Andersen cascade impactor was employed for calculating the PM mass concentration. Questionnaire based health survey among street vendors were carried out through personal interview. Results: A significant difference (p < 0.05; t-test) between the mean $PM_{0.4-10{\mu}m}$ mass concentration at CML and RSL was observed with ($mean{\pm}SD$) $84.05{\pm}14.5$ and $77.23{\pm}11.7{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$, respectively. RDDs in AL, TB and HD region at CML was observed to be 9.9, 7.8, and 7.3% higher than at RSL, respectively. Health survey revealed 1.62, 0.96, 0.04, and 0.57 times higher incidence of cold, cough, breathlessness, and chest pain, respectively with street vendors at CML compared to RSL. Conclusion: The site characteristics plays a major role in the respiratory health status of street vendors at Dehradun.
Creativity as the engine of mathematical discovery : Students as Partners in Learning
( Prabhu Vrunda ),( Barbatis Peter ),( Watson James ) 한국수학교육학회 2011 수학교육 학술지 Vol.2011 No.-
Creativity is a need in mathematics education. In this article we describe the beginnings of a creative approach aimed at eliminating the disenfranchisement students exhibit toward mathematics. Creative thinking is the sense making mechanism utilized in the created learning environment within the classroom and for student use through the instructional materials. The objective is to jumpstart students` natural curiosity, alleviate longheld fears about mathematics, and create an engaging thinking environment, to promote students to take ownership of their own learning, through the initiative Students as Partners in Learning.
Prabhu, Subbaiah Muthu,Pawar, Radheshyam Rama,Sasaki, Keiko,Park, Chang Min Elsevier 2019 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL -LAUSANNE- Vol.370 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We focused to synthesize graphene oxide-polyamidoamine dendrimer, up to 2nd generation, (GO-gen2) <I>via</I> a grafting method and the tethered groups were further covalently functionalized with a nitrogen-rich of an aromatic triazine ring of 5-azacytosine (Aza). Zirconia nanoparticles (ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>) has been identified as promising material for removal of AsO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>3−</SUP> from water, however, its practical applicability is hindered due to its nanosize. Hence, ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> was successfully decorated through biomolecule assist on GO-gen2-Aza dendrimer. Various amounts of GO-gen2-Aza were used as stable supports to develop the nanocomposites with ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>. Then, the adsorption efficiency of highly toxic AsO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>3−</SUP> on developed composites was investigated for water treatment. The synthesized GO-dendrimer composites were characterized well before and after adsorption of AsO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>3−</SUP> using FTIR, PXRD, SEM, XPS, TGA, TEM and BET analysis. Particle size distribution of ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> revealed the peak top at 28 nm by zeta potential measurement. During synthesis, the GO sheets of composite were laminated by incorporation of ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles. The results of the batch experiments showed that ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>@2%GO-gen2-Aza dendrimer had higher adsorption density of AsO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>3−</SUP> than that of other developed forms of dendrimer composites. Langmuir equation well described the adsorption isotherm with the maximum adsorption capacity of 1.075 mmol/g. In addition, the enhanced AsO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>3−</SUP> adsorption density on ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> surface of ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>@x%GO-gen2-Aza, in which the GO-sheets were delaminated, resulting more ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> was dispersed homogeneously in the GO-sheets for maximum uptake of AsO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>3−</SUP> from water, confirmed by PXRD patterns. These results suggested that the developed GO-based dendrimer materials can be utilised for the practical remediation of toxic AsO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>3−</SUP> and other similar types of toxic ions, selenite, phosphate and fluoride from the contaminated water.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> entrapped GO-based Aza-tethered PAMAM dendrimer composite is prepared. </LI> <LI> Ligand exchange is likely responsible for the adsorption of AsO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>3−</SUP>. </LI> <LI> The lamination/delamination chemistry of GO-dendrimer composite are expressed. </LI> <LI> Maximum adsorption capacity of 1.075 mmol/g was achieved for AsO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>3−</SUP>. </LI> <LI> Selectivity and reusability test (4 cycles) did not affect the efficiency of AsO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>3−</SUP>. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Targeting Tumor Metastasis by Regulating Nm23 Gene Expression
Prabhu, V. Vinod,Siddikuzzaman, Siddikuzzaman,Grace, V.M. Berlin,Guruvayoorappan, C. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.8
The Nm23 gene is a metastatic suppressor identified in a melanoma cell line and expressed in different tumors where their levels of expression are associated with reduced or increased metastatic potential. Nm23 is one of the over 20 metastasis suppressor genes (MSGs) confirmed in vivo. It is highly conserved from yeast to human, implying a critical developmental function. Tumors with alteration of the p53 gene and reduced expression of the Nm23 gene are more prone to metastasis. Nm23-H1 has 3'-5' exonuclease activity. This review focuses on the role of Nm23 in cancer progression and also a potential novel target for cancer therapy.