The traditional and medicinal use of African breadfruit (Treculia africana Decne): an underutilized ethnic food of the Ibo tribe of South East, Nigeria

Philippa C. Ojimelukwe,Fabian U. Ugwuona 한국식품연구원 2021 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.8 No.-

African breadfruit is an underutilized food security crop which is a delicacy for the Ibo ethnic group of South East Nigeria. It is commonly found in West and Central Africa. It is an evergreen large tree that bears about 20–30 pods containing edible seeds, annually. The edible seeds are used as specialty dishes by the Ibo tribe of South East Nigeria. African breadfruit meals have high dietetic value. The pods, leaves and roots are use in traditional medicine. The leaves are particularly rich in carbohydrates, phytochemicals (flavonoids, phenols, cardiac glycosides and anthraquinones) and minerals. These constituents contribute to its antioxidant, antimicrobial and wound healing properties. The stem bark extract is used as a cough remedy and has antimicrobial properties. The water and ethanoic extracts of the root possess antihyperglycaemic properties and also discourage the development of secondary complications of type 2 diabetes. Many of the perceived medicinal and chemical properties have not been scientifically investigated. Although other members of the mulberry family (especially the Artocarpus species) have received some research attention, Treculia africana remains underutilized despite its great potentials as a food security and medicinal crop.

Individual and Contextual Factors Shaping Teachers’ Attitudes and Responses to Bullying among Young Children: Is Education Important?

Philippa Small,Cathrine Neilsen-Hewett,Naomi Sweller 환태평양유아교육연구학회 2013 Asia-Pacific journal of research in early childhoo Vol.7 No.3

This study examined how pre- and post-service early childhood teachers’ beliefs and responses to bullying among young children differ by level of qualification, type of bullying and whether or not it was witnessed. Results showed 1st and 4th-year student- and diploma-qualified teachers perceived acts of physical bullying to be more serious than verbal or relational bullying to a greater extent than did degree-qualified teachers. Degree-qualified teachers were less susceptible to bullying type and indicated they would be more likely to intervene than the other three groups. Results are discussed in relation to their implication for teaching practice and the content of pre-service education.

“Phosphate Free”: Are Companies Really Governing for Sustainability?

( Philippa Wells ) 인천대학교 사회과학연구원 2013 사회과학연구 Vol.4 No.-

There is increasing societal pressure placed upon business to act sustainably, to utilise resources responsibly and to more generally act as good “citizens”. Two principal issues emerge - how can it be established that a company is acting sustainably (or merely saying that it is or spinning the truth), and how is this to be measured? Legislatures, particularly those in the west, have been reluctant to challenge the strong institutional traditions that underpin governance of business enterprise, a situation that opens the door to voluntary and international initiatives as a means of developing and promoting governance for sustainability. This paper critiques some of the more prominent of these, using case examples of corporations to illustrate points made.

Piper guineense- an underutilized aromatic spice with medicinal value

Philippa Chinyere Ojimelukwe 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2023 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.23 No.2

This paper reviews available research information on the medicinal value and health benefits of Piper guineense in relation to its composition and biologically active compounds. Piper guineense is an herbaceous vine found in the tropics and sub-tropical regions. It is used as a spice and as a medicinal plant in many traditional settings. Solvent extracts of P. guineense leaves and fruits contain different biologically active compounds. Some of the major biologically active compounds in P. guineense are dillapiole, linalool and myristicine. These compounds possess anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and antioxidant properties. It also contains piperine which is responsible for the hotness associated with the Piper species and other antimicrobial phytochemicals. Some of the peculiar potential attributes of P. guineense include promoting fertility and its anti-inflammatory effects. It is a good antimicrobial agent against food spoilage and pathogenic organisms. Many of the biologically active compounds found in the leaves (or their derivatives) are also found in the fruits. Scientific information about the health benefits of the, stem and roots is lacking. The potentials of this underutilized vine to boost human health is enormous and it deserves improved research attention in the areas of improved production, genetic identification of chemotypes and more research investigations into its composition and medicinal value.

Single-Molecule Studies of Unlabeled Full-Length p53 Protein Binding to DNA

Nuttall, Philippa,Lee, Kidan,Ciccarella, Pietro,Carminati, Marco,Ferrari, Giorgio,Kim, Ki-Bum,Albrecht, Tim American Chemical Society 2016 The Journal of physical chemistry B Vol.120 No.9

<P>p53 is an antitumor protein that plays an important role in apoptosis, preserving genomic stability and preventing angiogenesis, and it has been implicated in a large number of human cancers. For this reason it is an interesting target for both fundamental studies, such as the mechanism of interaction with DNA, and applications in biosensing. Here, we report a comprehensive study of label-free, full length p53 (flp53) and its interaction with engineered double-stranded DNA in vitro, at the single-molecule level, using atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging and solid-state nanopore sensing. AFM data show that dimeric and tetrameric p53 bind to the DNA in a sequence-specific manner, confirming previously reported relative binding affinities. The statistical significance is tested using both the Grubbs test and stochastic simulations. For the first time, ultralow noise solid-state nanopore sensors are employed for the successful differentiation between bare DNA and p53/DNA complexes. Furthermore, translocation statistics reflect the binding affinities of different DNA sequences, in accordance with AFM data. Our results thus highlight the potential of solid-state nanopore sensors for single-molecule biosensing, especially when labeling is either not possible or at least not a viable option.</P>

Child Marriage Practice in the 21st Century and its Impact on Women

S.Sundari;Philippa, Jilly 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구소 2006 Asian Women Vol.22 No.1

Observational Study of the Impact of COVID-19 on Sleep in Children With and Without Special Educational Needs

Heather Elphick,Philippa Howsley,Nathaniel Mills,Vicki Beevers,Lisa Artis 대한수면연구학회 2022 Journal of sleep medicine Vol.19 No.2

Objectives: Children and young people (CYP) with special educational needs (SEN) are more likely to experience disturbed sleep and poor mental wellbeing. This study explored the differential impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the sleep and mental wellbeing of CYP with and without SEN.Methods: The National Institute of Health Research Children and Young People MedTech Cooperative, Sheffield Children’s National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, and The Sleep Charity carried out an online survey between June 23, 2020, and August 17, 2020. The 77-item survey was shared on social media platforms.Results: A total of 559 participants were included in the analyses, and 15.74% of them reported having CYP with SEN. While sleep changes due to the pandemic were largely similar for both groups, CYP with SEN were more likely to get up or wake up during the night than those without SEN (40.91% vs. 27.18%). CYP with SEN were significantly more likely than those without SEN to be demotivated (61.44% vs. 31.57%), sad and tearful (36.15% vs. 19.35%), or anxious and stressed (41.67% vs. 18.54%) during the pandemic, and the increased anxiety was more likely to contribute to poorer sleep (43.48% vs. 14.82%).Conclusions: While the majority of CYP in both groups reported sleep changes due to the pandemic, CYP with SEN experienced more sleep disturbance. The findings provide initial evidence to suggest that the pandemic may have had a greater impact on the sleep and mental wellbeing of CYP with SEN than those without SEN.

예비교원들의 글로벌·다문화 교육 역량 함양을 위한 해외교육연수

배정옥,박윤배,Philippa Coleman 한국국제문화교류학회 2020 문화교류와 다문화교육 Vol.9 No.5

This study provides an overseas educational model and a case study developed and implemented by the Global Teachers Program of Teachers’ College at K University in conjunction with the Institute of Continuing & TESOL Education of the University of Queensland in Australia. The purpose of the overseas education was to cultivate global and multicultural competences as well as generally increase educational professionalism. This paper will (1) introduce the background, the model, and the procedures used in developing this program during its pioneering period, (2) evaluate the results of its implementation, and (3) draw evaluative feedback and offer suggestions for other teachers’ colleges wanting to implement similar overseas program for prospective teachers. Three types of questionnaires were administered, and the results are as follows. The participants evaluated both the weekend pre-program and the main training as satisfactory to excellent and indicated they would recommend the program to other students. Several highly-appreciated segments included: visiting local schools, visiting places of Australian uniqueness, micro-teaching, home-stays, locations and facilities, as well as the services of teachers and staff. The participants’ global and multicultural competencies, English expressive skills, as well as reflections on future teaching produced positive results. Participants offered feedback about modifying a few segments to improve the program. The authors conclude that the overseas educational model provided in this study and the case study with the suggested modifications will be useful for those universities interested in raising prospective teachers’ global and multicultural understanding and competences. Implications and suggestions are made for those dreaming similar overseas programs. 이 논문은 예비교원들의 글로벌·다문화 교육 역량을 신장하고 교육전문성을 높이기 위해 개발된 해외교육연수 모형을 전개하고 이 모형이 호주 퀸즐랜드대학교 교육연수에 적용된 사례를 평가하고 연구한다. 이를 통해 시사점을 논하고 타 교원양성 대학교들이 유사연수를 시행하고자 할 때 참고와 응용이 되고자 한다. 세 개의 설문지를 사용하여 참여자들의 글로벌·다문화 교육 역량 향상도와 연수 만족도를 조사하였다. 그 결과, 참여자들은 주말 사전 프로그램과 본격적 프로그램을 만족 내지 훌륭한 것으로 평하였으며, 동료들에게 적극 권장한다고 평하였다. 특히 높이 평가된 영역은 지역 학교 방문, 호주 특색의 인근 장소 방문, 동료 대상 마이크로-티칭, 홈스테이, 기관 위치와 시설, 교사 및 직원 서비스와 관련한 부분이었다. 사전-사후 글로벌·다문화 향상도는 유의미하였으며, 영어능력과 자신감도 향상되었다. 참가자들의 의견 서술에서는 호주의 문화·교육적 환경, 한국의 교육, 그리고 자신들의 미래 교수에 대한 성찰이 풍부하게 관찰되었다. 미래 몇 가지 수정사항을 반영한다면 더 훌륭한 해외교육연수의 시범 모델이 될 것이다. 본 연구가 글로벌·다문화 교원전문성 신장의 한 모델과 그 사례로써 유사 해외교육연수를 준비하는 교원양성기관들에게 유용한 참조와 응용이 되기를 바란다.

Azithromycin as an adjunct to subgingival professional mechanical plaque removal in the treatment of grade C periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Oliver P Jones,Philippa J Hoyle 대한치주과학회 2022 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.52 No.5

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate clinical and microbiological outcomes with the use of azithromycin as an adjunct to non-surgical subgingival professional mechanical plaque removal (PMPR) in the treatment of grade C periodontitis. Online database searches using high-level MeSH terms in a PICO structure were conducted along with hand-searching of relevant periodontal journals. Titles and abstracts of identified studies were independently reviewed by both authors and the full texts of studies meeting the inclusion criteria were independently reviewed. In total, 122 studies were identified through searches, of which 6 were included in the qualitative analysis and 4 in the meta-analysis. Three studies included in the meta-analysis were deemed at low risk of bias and 1 at serious risk. There were conflicting results on whether azithromycin reduced the number of subgingival pathogens or detectable subgingival Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans between the included studies. The meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant probing depth reduction difference in favour of azithromycin compared to the control at 3 months (weighted mean difference [WMD]=−0.39 mm; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.66 to −0.13 mm; I2 =0%) and 12 months (WMD=−1.32 mm; 95% CI, −1.71 to −0.93 mm; I2 =0%). The clinical attachment level change was also statistically significant in favour of azithromycin compared to the control at 3 months (WMD=−0.61 mm; 95% CI, −1.13 to −0.10 mm; I2 =71%) and 12 months (WMD=−0.88 mm; 95% CI, −1.32 to −0.44 mm; I2 =0%). Based upon these results, azithromycin offers additional improvements in some clinical parameters when used in conjunction with subgingival PMPR in patients with aggressive periodontitis over control groups. These improvements appear to be maintained for up to 12 months after treatment completion. However, due to a lack of well-designed studies, the conclusions that can be drawn from the available evidence are limited. Trial Registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews Identifier: CRD42020168195

Impact of cooking methods on the chemical and antioxidant composition of some indigenous vegetables used in different food dishes in Southeast Nigeria

Ukom Anthony,Albert Miracle,Ojimelukwe Philippa,Offia-Olua Blessing,Nwanagba Lilian 한국식품연구원 2023 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.10 No.6

Background Some wild and domesticated vegetables of Ibo ethnic tribe of Southeast, Nigeria, namely Piper guineense, Ocimum gratissimum, Solanum melongena L., Gongronema latifolium, Gnetum africanum and Vernonia amygdalina, have gained interest in food culinary uses due to its nutritional, antioxidant potentials and health benefts. These vegetables are rich in fber, minerals and phyto-nutrients and have signifcant health benefts against degenerative disorders. Due to these facts, cooking methods aimed at better retention of nutrients and antioxidant compounds were exploited. Methods Carefully selected fresh and shredded indigenous vegetables that are commonly used in diferent food dishes in Southeast Nigeria were cooked (blanched at 98 °C, 2 min and sautéed at 150 °C, 5 min). They were analyzed on a dry weight basis for minerals, vitamins, phytochemicals and antioxidant activity assayed by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP. Results Results exhibited wild variations showing that Ocimum gratissimum and Solanum melongena L had higher concentrations of functional minerals Zn, Fe, K and Ca. Vitamins B1 and β-carotene had higher concentrations in Solanum melongena L, Gnetum africanum and Vernonia amygdalina. Ocimum gratissimum revealed higher concentra‑ tions of TPC and TFC and maintains strong scavenging activity in ABTS and FRAP, while %DPPH manifested stronger activity in Solanum melongena L. Vernonia amygdalina exhibited higher phytochemicals concentrations, especially the alkaloid content. Conclusion Sautéed cooking retained more nutrients and had stronger antioxidant activity than the blanched method. Overall, these vegetables possess high concentrations of functional constituents that can make them be used to boost human nutrition and beneft the health of consumers.