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The medical management of mitral stenosis in a Bull Terrier
Kun Ho Song,Aleksandra Domanjko Petrič 한국동물위생학회 2023 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.46 No.1
An eight-year-old, 28-kg male bull terrier who showed signs of lethargy and cough was referred for further evaluation of congestive heart failure. On presentation, physical examination revealed a sys-tolic murmur at the left apex of the heart. Moreover, chest radiograph evaluation confirmed the mild alveolar and interstitial patterns in the caudal lung lobes and a grossly enlarged left atrium and left ventricle. Electrocardiography showed atrial fibrillation with a wide QRS complex, and transthoracic echocardiography revealed marked enlargement of the left atrium with abnormal morphology of the mitral valve. The thickened, hammer-like appearance and abnormal diastolic motion of the mitral valve leaflets were characterized by decreased leaflet separation and doming of the valve. The diagno-sis was mitral stenosis with congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation. The owner declined inter-ventional valvuloplasty. Medical treatment included furosemide, pimobendan and diltiazem. Regular health check-ups have shown that vitality and clinical signs have improved considerably, and the dog have remained stable for 6 months after the presentation.
Money and Stock Returns: Is there habit formation for holding liquid assets?
Petri Mki-Frnti - Email 한국국제경제학회 2008 International Economic Journal Vol.22 No.1
Assuming a utility function, which is non-separable in money and consumption, we derive a simple, non-linear asset pricing model, according to which investors’ willingness to hold liquid assets in their portfolio can be described by a sort of habit formation. The parameters of the empirical model derived from our theoretical model are estimated with the Smooth Transition Regression (STR) models for the US data. The results of our econometric exercise to test the hypothesis of habit formation remain mixed, but we find evidence, which supports some existing, related attempts to explain stock returns by the liquidity of the economy relative to investors’ target level for liquidity.
Photochemical Synthesis of Naked Palladium Nanoparticles
Petri Ajo,Johanna Puranen,Harri Nieminen,Erik Vartiainen 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2018 NANO Vol.13 No.2
Palladium nanoparticles are widely used in catalysis, sensors, coatings and hydrogen storage devices. This paper reports the one-pot photochemical reduction of Pd(II) alcohol solutions into Pd0 nanoparticle suspensions. The synthesis involves the reduction of [PdCl4]2- dissolved in EtOH/2-PrOH mixtures by the ketyl radicals (Me)2(HO)C generated from 254 nm irradiation, in the absence of other chemical reducing agents. Clusters of 10 nm Pd0 particles thus produced could be separated from their suspensions by microfiltration. Preliminary tests are reported on the catalytic potential of such particles for the thermal dehydrogenation of alcohols.
CMOS Preamplifiers for Quantum Well Diodes
Petri,C.,Rocchi,S.,Stefanelli,F.,Vignoli,V. 대한전자공학회 1997 ICVC : International Conference on VLSI and CAD Vol.5 No.1
CMOS transimpedance amplifiers were designed as receiving front end stages for electro-optic Quantum Well sensors. They are part of a mixed analog/digital integrated circuit, where the sensors are directly bonded to the last metal layer with a flip-chip bonding technique. The whole integrated circuit is a multichannel optical analog transmission system for high energy physics experiments. Low power dissipation, large bandwidth and low noise characteristics were efficiently combined in different proposed solutions.
Material Cost Model for Innovative Li-Ion Battery Cells in Electric Vehicle Applications
Ralf Petri,Tobias Giebel,Bin Zhang,Jan-Hinnerk Schünemann,Christoph Herrmann 한국정밀공학회 2015 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.2 No.3
Due to global warming and the rise of the CO2 emissions electric mobility is in the focus. In this case costs for li-ion batteries and especially the material costs are the main cost drivers for electric vehicles. The aim of this paper is to develop a material cost model which can evaluate cell chemistry alternatives for li-ion battery anodes and cathodes. A focus is set on innovative cell chemistries which currently are not using in mass production. The presented model is based on bottom-up approach which can calculate costs and cell performance together to determine the ratio of material cost and energy. The general results are complemented with a case study that assesses that active material with a high specific energy can help reducing the material costs and improves cell performance parameters.
Nold-Petry, Claudia A.,Nold, Marcel F.,Nielsen, Jason W.,Bustamante, Alex,Zepp, Jarod A.,Storm, Kathleen A.,Hong, Jae-Woo,Kim, Soo-Hyun,Dinarello, Charles A. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2009 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.284 No.38
<P>Since interleukin (IL)-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine, mice lacking IL-18 or its ligand-binding receptor (IL-18R) should exhibit decreased cytokine and chemokine production. Indeed, production of IL-1alpha, IL-6, and MIP-1alpha was reduced in IL-18 knock-out (ko) mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF)-like cells. Unexpectedly, we observed a paradoxical 10-fold increase in IL-1beta-induced IL-6 production in MEF cells from mice deficient in the IL-18R alpha-chain (IL-18Ralpha) compared with wild type MEF. Similar increases were observed for IL-1alpha, MIP-1alpha, and prostaglandin E2. Likewise, coincubation with a specific IL-18Ralpha-blocking antibody augmented IL-1beta-induced cytokines in wild type and IL-18 ko MEF. Stable lines of IL-18Ralpha-depleted human A549 cells were generated using shRNA, resulting in an increase of IL-1beta-induced IL-1alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 compared to scrambled small hairpin RNA. In addition, we silenced IL-18Ralpha with small interfering RNA in primary human blood cells and observed up to 4-fold increases in the secretion of lipopolysaccharide- and IL-12/IL-18-induced IL-1beta, IL-6, interferon-gamma, and CD40L. Mechanistically, despite increases in Stat1 and IL-6, induction of SOCS1 and -3 (suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 and 3) was markedly reduced in the absence of IL-18Ralpha. Consistent with these observations, activation of the p38alpha/beta and ERK1/2 MAPKs and of protein kinase B/Akt increased in IL-18Ralpha ko MEF, whereas the negative feedback kinase MSK2 was more active in IL-18 ko cells. These data reveal a role for SOCS1 and -3 in the seemingly paradoxical hyperresponsive state in cells deficient in IL-18Ralpha, supporting the concept that IL-18Ralpha participates in both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses and that an endogenous ligand engages IL-18Ralpha to deliver an inhibitory signal.</P>
IL-32-dependent effects of IL-1 on endothelial cell functions
Nold-Petry, C. A.,Nold, M. F.,Zepp, J. A.,Kim, S.-H.,Voelkel, N. F.,Dinarello, C. A. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2009 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.106 No.10
<P>Increasing evidence demonstrates that interleukin (IL)-32 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, inducing IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and chemokines via nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and activating protein (AP)-1 activation. Here we report that IL-32 is expressed and is also functional in human vascular endothelial cells (EC) of various origins. Compared with primary blood monocytes, high levels of IL-32 are constitutively produced in human umbilical vein EC (HUVEC), aortic macrovascular EC, and cardiac as well as pulmonary microvascular EC. At concentrations as low as 0.1 ng/ml, IL-1beta stimulated IL-32 up to 15-fold over constitutive levels, whereas 10 ng/ml of TNFalpha or 100 ng/ml of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were required to induce similar quantities of IL-32. IL-1beta-induced IL-32 was reduced by inhibition of the IkappaB kinase-beta/NF-kappaB and ERK pathways. In addition to IL-1beta, pro-coagulant concentrations of thrombin or fresh platelets increased IL-32 protein up to 6-fold. IL-1beta and thrombin induced an isoform-switch in steady-state mRNA levels from IL-32alpha/gamma to beta/epsilon. Adult EC responded in a similar fashion. To prove functionality, we silenced endogenous IL-32 with siRNA, decreasing intracellular IL-32 protein levels by 86%. The knockdown of IL-32 resulted in reduction of constitutive as well as IL-1beta-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (of 55% and 54%, respectively), IL-1alpha (of 62% and 43%), IL-6 (of 53% and 43%), and IL-8 (of 46% and 42%). In contrast, the anti-inflammatory/anti-coagulant CD141/thrombomodulin increased markedly when IL-32 was silenced. This study introduces IL-32 as a critical regulator of endothelial function, expanding the properties of this cytokine relevant to coagulation, endothelial inflammation, and atherosclerosis.</P>