확률정규화와 노이즈가 들어간 환경에서의 신뢰네트웍 학습알고리즘 성능 비교 분석

김현숙(Hyunsuk Kim),조성준(Sungzoon Cho),펑윈(Yun Peng) 한국정보과학회 1996 정보과학회논문지(B) Vol.23 No.10

최근 신뢰네트웍(belief network)의 네트웍 구조와 확률값을 방대한 상황 데이타로부터 학습하는 몇가지 알고리즘이 제안되었다. 이들중 Cooper의 K2 알고리즘등은 전통적인 학습기법에 바탕을 두고 있지만, Neal의 볼츠만 머신(Boltzmann machine) 학습법이나 Peng 의 헤비안(Hebbian) 학습법등은 신경망 학습법의 일종이다. 본 논문에서는 첫째 다양한 학습 알고리즘의 성능을 실제 상황과 흡사한 환경에서 실험적으로 비교할 수 있도록 사전확률과 인과확률의 정규화 개념을 도입한다. 둘째, 노이즈가 들어간 상황에서의 실험 계획을 구성한다. 마지막으로 Cooper, Neal, Peng의 알고리즘을 실제 상황과 흡사한 노이즈가 포함된 정규화 패턴으로 학습시켰을 때의 성능을 비교하고 분석한다. 학습 결과, Cooper와 Peng의 일고리즘은 확률 값을 학습하는 데 있어 Neal의 알고리즘보다 나은 성능을 보였고, Peng의 알고리즘은 노이즈가 섞인 데이타로부터 네트웍의 구조를 학습하는 데 있어 나머지 두 알고리즘보다 우수한 성능을 보였다. Recently, several belief network learning algorithms have been proposed to learn both the network structures and probabilities from the case data. Although most of these methods (e.g., Cooper's K2 algorithm) are based on traditional machine learning techniques, some of them, e.g., Neal's Boltzmann machine method and Peng's extended Hebbian method take neural network learning approaches. We first introduce the notion of normalization of prior and causation probabilities which helps to render the synthetic data more realistic. Second, we design the test simulation where "noise" is added to the case data. Finally, three learning algorithms proposed by Cooper, Neal, and Peng, respectively, are compared in their performance when trained with noisy normalized synthetic data. Simulation results show that Cooper's and Peng's algorithms are superior to Neal's in average error for learning probabilities, while Peng's algorithm performs better in learning network structures from noisy data.

CONTROL OF BLISTER RUST OF TAIWAN RED PINE IN TAIWAN

Peng,Lin Feng,Chung Yi Tsai,Zuei Ching Chen 한국산림과학회 1985 한국산림과학회지 Vol.71 No.1

In 1966, the outbreak of a rust disease was discovered from the young plantation of Taiwan red pine (Pines taiwanensis Hay.) at the northeastern part of Taiwan Island. The plantation of about 2,000㏊ planted with 3-4 years old saplings is located on the mountain slopes of a valley of the upper stream of Ta-Chia River. The rust disease was first discovered sporadically from the narrow margin of plantation surrounding the pine nursery which was located at the center of valley. The disease spread rapidly and the total infected area in 1968 had been recorded for 186 ha. The rust fungus was first identified as Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fischer. The alternative hosts of this rust fungus, Ribes spp. were not recovered from the area of infectian sites nor from the area of 20Km radius from the infected site. Instead of Ribes host, Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. were planted in the nursery near by the pine nursery from 1966. It was thus identified the rust fungus as Cronartium flaccidum (Alb. et Schw.) Wint. The extensive control measures were practiced from 1968 and the eradication of infected saplings, shrubs and weeds of forest floors was given the first priority. In total, 111,852 trees infected were felled down from 1966 to 1971. All infected branches or parts of the trees were first wrapped with the vinyl film to prevent the dispersion of rust spores and then trees were felled down and finally were burnt at the site. Rest of pine trees of the whole plantation were sprayed with the fungicides; 0.2% Dithane Z-78 or 4-4 Bordeux mixture with addition of 1% Uspulun. Spraying of fungicides was carried out at least twice a month and continued to 1971. In 1973 and 1974, reforestation by some resistance tree species such as Pines armandi Fr., Taiwania, Cryptomeria, or Chamaecyparis, etc, were practiced. In total, 148,500 seedlings of tree species mentioned above were replaced the infected pine trees. Since the first outbreak of the disease in 1966, 20 years have been passed without any new outbreak of the rust disease by C. flaccidum in the same site or any other plantations in Taiwan. The control of the rust disease erupted in Taiwan red pine plantation in 1966 in thus concluded as very successful.

浅谈≪国际中文等级标准≫中AA式词语的收录问题及教学建议

于鹏 ( Yu¸ Peng ) 한국중국언어학회 2021 중국언어연구 Vol.- No.95

≪国际中文教育等级标准≫是面向新时代的国家标准, 将于2021年7月1日正式实施。这一标准是国际中文教育的顶层设计与基本建设, 用于指导今后国际中文教育的教学、测试、学习和评估, 具有基本重要的意义。考察该标准中所收录的54个AA式词语, 我们发现一些值得商榷的地方, 为完善标准, 我们提出了一些修改建议。同时我们还考察了当前在韩国具有代表性的两套汉语教材, 分析其中可出现在状语位置的AA式词语的收录和教学情况。最后在分析HSK动态作文语料库中韩国学生使用这类AA式词语的全部用例及所出现偏误的基础上, 对今后教材生词中AA式词语的词性标注问题及重点、难点的教学问题提出建议。 < Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for International Chinese Language Education >, which is a national standard for the new time, will be officially implemented on July 1, 2021. The standard is the top-level design and basic construction of international Chinese education, and it will be are used toguide the teaching, testing, learning and evaluation of international Chinese education in the future. This paper analyzes and discusses 54 “AA” reduplicated words in < National Standard >, and found some issue worthy of discussions ,and put forward some suggestions in order to perfect the standard. At the same time,the paper also collects “AA” reduplicated words from the current two sets of representative Chinese textbooks in Korea,and analyzes the collection and teaching of AA words that can appear in adverbial position. Finally, based on the analysis of all the use cases and errors of Korean students’ use of such AA words in HSK Dynamic Writing Corpus, some suggestions are put forward on the problem of POS tagging of AA words in the new words in the textbooks in the future, as well as the teaching teaching focal and difficult points.

從語義和語用層面談網絡諧音流行語 ― 以“耗子尾汁”、“藍瘦香菇”、“雨女無瓜”為例

于鵬 ( Yu¸ Peng ) 중국어문학회 2021 中國語文學誌 Vol.- No.74

The homophonic network catchwords continue to appear in recent years, and the study on the reasons for the growing spread of the catchwords takes on important theory value and operation significance. This paper firstly analyzes and describes the homophonic phenomenon from the diachronic perspective, and summarized their pragmatic functions and the main forms. Secondly, this paper analyzes and describes the new characteristics about the homophonic network catchwords from the synchronic perspective, and taking “mouse-tail (耗子尾汁)”, “blue- thin-mushroom (蓝瘦香菇)” and “rain-girl-without the melon (雨女無瓜)” for examples, analyzed and summarized the key factors about the homophonic network catchwords. Finally, this paper makes some recommendations to the usage and standardization of the homophonic words based on the analysis and comparisons.

傳統“析字”法的應用範疇、主要類型及發展演變

于鹏 ( Yu¸ Peng ) 한국중국언어학회 2020 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.91

“Character-dividing in Chinese” is a phenomenon that refers to divide one Chinese into two parts and multiply them, then use visual features to express their ideas and feelings. At present, the phenomenon still exists that lay too much store by “grammar” and too little by the Chinese character and the culture in Chinese education. And tnen the relevant content more fragmented in College Chinese textbooks. Therefore, I think it is necessary to make the collated and summarized about the application fields,the main types and the development history of “Character-dividing in Chinese”. The thesis will be studied both the development history and the main forms. In the end ,based on the results, the study makes suggestion on the relevant teaching.

The 8th Biennial Meeting of the Asian Society of Gynecologic Oncology, December 1st to 3rd, 2023

Heng-Cheng Hsu,김재원,박정열,서동훈,김세익,Jen-Ruei Chen,Peng-Hui Wang 대한부인종양학회 2024 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.35 No.2

As per the 2018 GLOBOCAN database, Asia accounted for 48.7% (637,761) of new gynecologiccancer cases and 50.1% (305,000) of gynecologic cancer deaths [1]. Recognizing the distinctdifferences in genetic background, cancer epidemiology, disease characteristics, and socio-cultural environment between Asian and non-Asian women, it is noteworthy that much ofthe experimental evidence guiding clinical gynecologic oncology practices has historicallybeen drawn from studies in Western populations. Established in 2008, the Asian Society ofGynecologic Oncology (ASGO) ser ves as a key organization in Asia, dedicated to advancingthe study, prevention, and treatment of gynecological cancer through scientific exchange,regional/international collaboration, educational initiatives, and fostering camaraderieamong its members [2]. Presently, ASGO boasts members from over 10 countries in Asia. Building on the success of the previous meetings held in Tokyo (2009) [3], Seoul (2011)[4], Kyoto (2013) [5], Seoul (2015) [6], Tokyo (2017) [7], Incheon (2019) [8], and Bangkok(2021) [9], the eighth Biennial Meeting of ASGO took place at the state-of-the-art HNBKInternational Convention Center in Taipei, Taiwan, from December 01 to 03, 2023. Theoverarching theme for this event was “Reunion to Overcome Gynecologic Cancer in Asia.”Notably, due to the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in 2021, the meetingwas transformed into a hybrid format. This gathering marked a significant milestone as thefirst in-person Pan-Asia meeting focused on gynecological cancer following the pandemic. Additionally, it is worth highlighting that this was the inaugural ASGO meeting held outsideof Korea and Japan, underscoring the broadening geographical scope and global impactof the conference. Professor Peng-Hui Wang and Jae-Weon Jim chaired the organizingcommittee. ASGO 2023 witnessed the participation of 633 attendees from 17 countries,featuring 152 honored speakers and chairs from 12 countries. The event included 44 oral/surgical video presentations and 187 poster presentations, covering a diverse range ofscientific topics, from fundamental principles of gynecological cancer care to advanced, high-technology practices rooted in cutting-edge research (Table 1). Photos from the meetingare accessible on the official meeting website (http://tinyurl.com/26xtts2f ).

The Pyongnam basin: A local basin witnessed global tectonics

Peng Peng,Mingguo Zhai,Jinghui Guo,Yanbin Zhang,Bo Hu,Lei Zhao,Fengbo Sun,Xiangdong Su,Xiaohui Zhang,Qiuli Li,Chang-Whan Oh,Xu Liu 대한지질학회 2022 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.10

The Comparative Study on Efficiency of the Banks in China and Korea : Focused on the Measurement of Relative Productivity Using the Multi-input Multi-output Model

Peng-Peng TIAN,Ho-Soo NAH 한국무역보험학회 2013 무역보험연구 Vol.14 No.1

이 연구는 2005년부터 2009년 기간 동안에 한국과 중국의 은행들의 효율성을 측정하고 두 국가 은행들의 효율성에 대한 정책적인 의미를 찾아 보고자 하였다. 주요 발견사실은 다음과 같다. (1) 한국의 은행들은 지난 5냔 동안 규모수익불변(CRS)나 규모수익증가(IRS)의 경향이 많았고 중국의 운행들은 규모수익감소(DRS)의 경향이 많았다. (2) 중국상인은행(CMB)과 상해푸동개발은행(SPDB)은 네 개의 중국의 대형 국책은행의 효율성보다 높았다. (3) 신한은행의 효율성이 한국의 은행 중 생산성이 가장 높았고 ,한국의 은행의 효율성이 중국의 은행의 효율성보다 전반적으로 높게 나타났다. 그러므로 중국의 대형국책은행들은 외국은행이나 중국의 다른 상업은행기관들과의 경쟁에 대처할 수 있는 효율성 증대에 많은 노력이 경주되어야 한다고 생각된다.

The evolution of the Pyongnam basin: Its relationship with the adjacent basins and tectonic implications

Peng Peng,Mingguo Zhai,Jong-Hyok Yang,Chang-Whan Oh,Hyon-Uk Pak,Yanbin Zhang,Lei Zhao,Zhiyue Zhang,Fengbo Sun 대한지질학회 2019 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.10

‘好好(兒)的’의 문법기능과 의미특징 연구

Peng Jing(Jing, Peng)(彭静,),김수정(Kim, Sujung)(金秀贞,) 한국외국어교육학회 2017 Foreign languages education Vol.24 No.2

‘hǎohāor+de’ is composed of the syntactic superimposed form ‘hǎohāor’ and the structural auxiliary word ‘de.’ It is a structure that occurs very frequently in modern spoken Chinese. ‘hǎohāor’ can only act as an adverbial (have a good time) or an attribute (a quite good book in a sentence). ‘hǎohāor’ cannot be used alone, or act as a subject, an object or a predicate. Nor can it modify a noun or a noun phrase directly. However, ‘hǎohāor+de’ can be used alone, and can be used as a predicate, a complement, an attribute and an adverbial. Different syntactic functions of ‘hǎohāor+de’ have different semantic features. This is a difficult point for the students who are non-native speakers of Chinese. This paper discusses in detail the syntactic functions and the related semantic features of ‘hǎohāor+de,’ and also tries to probe into the source of it, hoping to provide some help for Chinese language teaching. “好好的”是由形容词“好”的句法重叠式“好好(儿)”加上结构助词“的”组成的,是现代汉语口语中出现频率相当高的一个结构.。“好好(儿)”在句中只能做状语(“好好儿玩儿”),或修饰数量名结构(好好一本书);“好好儿)”不能单说,不能做主语、宾语、谓语,不能修饰名词性成分。但是,加上“的”以后,“好好(儿)的”在句中可以单说,可以作谓语、补语、定语和状语。不同句法功能上的“好好儿”语义特征不同。这对汉语非母语的学习者来说是一个难点。本文详细探讨“好好的”的句法功能及相应的语义特征,同时试着探析“好好的”的来源,以期有助于汉语教学。