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Park, In,Oh, Min-Joon,Shin, Sang-Jin Elsevier 2019 Arthroscopy Vol.35 No.1
<P><B>Purpose</B></P> <P>To determine the minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) for the Rowe score and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score after arthroscopic stabilization surgery for anterior shoulder instability and to evaluate the effect of various patient- and treatment-related factors on MCIDs.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>The study enrolled 216 patients who underwent arthroscopic stabilization surgery for anterior shoulder instability. The patients were categorized into “no-change” and “minimal-change” groups by a 15-item questionnaire at the 1-year postoperative visit. The Rowe and ASES scores were assessed preoperatively and at the 1-year postoperative follow-up visit. MCIDs were calculated using an anchor-based method. Correlations between MCIDs and several factors were evaluated using Spearman correlation analysis and univariate regression analysis.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>On the basis of the questionnaires administered at the 1-year postoperative follow-up visit, 10 patients were assigned to the no-change group and 33 patients were placed in the minimal-change group. MCIDs for the Rowe and ASES scores were 9.7 and 8.5, respectively. Body mass index was negatively correlated with the MCID for the Rowe score (<I>P</I> = .01). Number of dislocations, symptom duration, and presence of Hill-Sachs lesions were positively correlated with the MCID for the ASES score (<I>P</I> = .02, <I>P</I> = .04, and <I>P</I> = .02, respectively). Other variables such as age, sex, and arm dominance were not related to the MCIDs for either the Rowe or ASES score.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>In patients who underwent arthroscopic stabilization surgery, differences of at least 9.7 in the Rowe score and 8.5 in the ASES score were clinically relevant. Patients with a greater body mass index required a smaller change in the Rowe score and patients with a greater number of dislocations, a longer symptom duration, or a Hill-Sachs lesion required a larger change in the ASES score to feel clinically relevant changes.</P> <P><B>Level of Evidence</B></P> <P>Level IV, case series.</P>
Facile exfoliation of layered titanoniobate (KTiNbO5) into colloidal nanosheets.
Park, In,Han, Yang-Su,Choy, Jin-Ho American Scientific Publishers 2009 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.9 No.12
<P>We herein describe a soft-chemical route to exfoliation of layered semiconductive titanoniobate (KTiNbO5) into individual oxide nanosheets. The protonic layered titanoniobate (HTiNbO5), derived from KTiNbO5, is reacted with zwitterionic aminoundecanoic acid (H2N(CH2)10COOH; AUA) to replace the interlayer H+ ions with AUA molecules in an acidic aqueous solution (pH approximately 3). On intercalating amino acid molecules into titanoniobate layers, the basal spacing expands from 8.5 angstroms to 23.7 angstroms. Further expansion of the layers is achieved by a host-guest repulsive interaction via the interlayer deprotonation of the carboxylic groups of amino acid molecules in a basic aqueous solution. The exfoliated oxide nanosheets exhibit remarkable colloidal stability in aqueous solution with a significant spectral blue shift in UV optical absorption spectra. Moreover, atomic force microscopic (AFM) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations directly confirm the delamination of parent microcrystals.</P>
Park, In,Lee, Jae-Hoo,Hyun, Hwan-Sub,Lee, Tae-Kyoung,Shin, Sang-Jin Elsevier 2018 Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery Vol.27 No.4
<P><B>Background</B></P> <P>The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) is the threshold value for a change that would be considered meaningful by the patient. The purpose of this study was to determine the MCIDs for the Rowe score and the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) score after arthroscopic repair of anterior shoulder instability.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>The study enrolled 198 patients who underwent an arthroscopic stabilization procedure for anterior shoulder instability. Patients were assigned to no change and minimal change groups by a 15-item questionnaire at the 1-year postoperative visit. The Rowe and WOSI scores were assessed preoperatively and at a 1-year postoperative follow-up. The MCID was calculated using an anchor-based method and a distribution-based method.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>There were 9 patients in the no change group and 26 patients in the minimal change group. The MCID for the Rowe score was 9.7 according to the anchor-based method. By the anchor-based method, the authors could not calculate MCID for the WOSI score because of insignificant difference of the mean score changes between the no change and minimal change groups. By the distribution-based method, MCIDs for the Rowe and the WOSI scores were 5.6 and 151.9 with the standard deviation–based estimate and 2.2 and 60.7 with the effect size–based estimate, respectively.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>To assess the effectiveness of an arthroscopic stabilization procedure for anterior shoulder instability using the Rowe score, a difference of at least 9.7 in the score is clinically relevant. To compare clinical outcomes between different modalities, we should consider not only statistically significant differences but also the MCID.</P>
Park, In,Ko, So Hee,An, You Sun,Choi, Kyung Ho,Chun, Hyunaee,Lee, Sangkug,Kim, Gyungsoo American Scientific Publishers 2009 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.9 No.12
<P>Monodisperse polystyrene (PS) bead particles (diameter approximately 750 nm) have been synthesized with an initiator, 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AIBA), using a surfactant-free emulsion polymerization. The PS particles charged positively by the cationic initiator exhibit uniform size with a narrow size distribution. The Stöber method was adopted to coat silica on the surface of the PS particles. The silica coatings were performed on different conditions; pH (10.0-12.5), tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) concentration (10-40 mM), and reaction time (1-5 h). The reaction rates are too low at low pH (10.0) so that no or little silica is coated on the PS bead particles. At high pH condition (approximately 12.5) relatively rough silica shell and heterogeneous nucleation of silica colloids were observed due to high reaction rate of TEOS hydrolysis and condensation reaction. Smooth surface with uniform thickness of silica shells were obtained at a pH value around 11. Also, the thickness of silica coated on the PS spheres increases with increase of TEOS concentration and reaction time. Silica hollow spheres were also obtained by calcination of the PS-silica core-shell particles.</P>
Ethnicity and Truth in Yeats and Walcott : A Note from Ireland
Ruth Parkin 한국예이츠학회 2012 한국예이츠 저널 Vol.39 No.-
예이츠는 당연히 무관의 아일랜드 대표시인이며, 건국 시인이다. 아일랜 드의 연극(애비 극장)의to 창립에 중추적이었으며, 애비 극장은 아직도 아일랜드의 위 대한 극예술 제도로 남아있다. 그의 아일랜드 문예부흥에의 헌신은 아일랜드의 민담과 전설을 감상하는 새로운 청중을 만들었다. Yeats is of course the uncrowned Irish National Poet−a nation builder. He was fundamental to the creation of the Irish National theatre (the Abbey) which is still one of Ireland’s great artistic institutions. His devotion to the Irish Literary revival brought to a new audience the long and deep traditions of Irish folklore and mythology.