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Study of resistance in rice innate immunity by non-RD kinases
Youngchul Yoo,Jong-Chan Park,Joo-Mi Yoon,Min-Young Song,Chi-Yeol Kim,Jong-Seong Jeon,Sang-Won Lee 한국육종학회 2012 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2012 No.07
Disease is one of the significant factors to damage for the crop productivity, including rice. Although there are many methods to avoid from several diseases such as chemical pesticides and biological treatments, it has been appreciated that the most economical and environmentally effective method of disease control is application of resistance genes. A survey (Dardick & Ronald, 2006) reported that plant kinome has a small number of non-RD kinase (nRDK) (4-29% of total kinase), all known or predicted pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) fall into the class. We here introduce a strategy to identify rice resistance genes that are probably encoding PRRs. We selected 130 nRDK genes by combinational analysis of QTL and bioinformatics, 61 of rice mutant lines of 130 candidates inoculated by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Magnaporthe grisea. (M. grisea), and disease progression was monitored. Lesion lengths of the activation mutant lines for nRDK-08 and nRDK-18 genes reduced more than 34% compared to wild type of rice (Dongjin) and other mutant lines. The nRDK-03 and nRDK-17 gene activation rice line had remarkably smaller lesion lengths by M. grisea infection. Our results suggest that a reverse genetic approach using bioinformatics and T-DNA tagging system successfully identified nRDK genes conferring a resistance against Xoo and M. grisea.
Design and Implementation of Math-Solving Robot
Youngchul Park,Hyungseok Lee,Joonpyo Hong,Joonsung Lee,Taesan Min,Hyeun Jeong Min,Hyo-Sang Lim,Hyoungsoon Kim 제어로봇시스템학회 2016 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.10
This paper presents the design of a math-solving robot which has many potential applications in service, entertainment, and educational robotics. We design a robot scanning and recognizing a printed math problem on a paper and then writing an answer on it. We specifically attempt to solve magic square puzzles and compute simple calculation. Controlling motors and recognizing targets from low-cost sensors are very challenging; however, we address the design of our robot to generate stable and effective motions, built with a Lego Mindstorms EV3 in addition to robust sensing ability through its color sensor in our software design. We also present a linear system method and rank analysis in order to decide if the given puzzle has a unique solution, more than one solution, or no solution. Through real robot experiments with quantitative and qualitative analysis regarding scanning, matching, and algorithm, we demonstrate our robot solves given magic square problems and simple calculations.
Park, Chul Woong,Park, Jaeman,Kim, Naree,Kim, Youngchul Elsevier 2018 AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION - Vol.93 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study aims to develop a novel method by which visually to simulate water flow paths on building façades. Rainwater runoff affects the designs of façades in terms of safety and aesthetics because runoff leaves dirt and stains on an aesthetic façade. The first step is to review flow simulation algorithms and identify its limitations in fluid visualization research on flow path simulations. The second step is to review an existing CFD program to identify its limitations, and then establish the goals of the newly proposed method. The third step is to identify the properties and behaviors of water on a surface, including basic fluid mechanics to establish the mechanical relationship between the water and the façade material. The fourth step involves an experiment with water flows to reveal their characteristics based on the literature. The fifth step is to develop an algorithm which visually simulates water flows on a building façade. As a result, “Rainflow01” and “Rainflow02” are developed based on the open-source Grasshopper component “Drainage Polysurface” and Rhino. Rainflow01 and Rainflow02, which work based on the angle variation and critical sliding angle of the water path, present an innovative approach for predictions of water paths over a façade.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Water flow paths are visually simulated. </LI> <LI> Water behaviors on a façade are classified based on a mechanical relationship. </LI> <LI> The proposed algorithms are implemented using Grasshopper and Rhino. </LI> </UL> </P>
Ruthenium-Catalyzed C–H Activation/Cyclization for the Synthesis of Phosphaisocoumarins
Park, Youngchul,Jeon, Incheol,Shin, Seohyun,Min, Jiae,Lee, Phil Ho American Chemical Society 2013 Journal of organic chemistry Vol.78 No.20
<P>An efficient and cost-effective ruthenium-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of phosphonic acid monoesters or phosphinic acids with alkynes has been developed for the synthesis of a wide range of phosphaisocoumarins in good to excellent yields under aerobic conditions. A multitude of arylphosphonic acid monoesters and arylphosphinic acids having electron-donating and -withdrawing groups were oxidatively cyclized. Various diarylacetylenes, dialkylacetylenes, and alkylarylacetylenes effectively underwent the ruthenium-catalyzed oxidative cyclization. A substrate possessing benzoic acid as well as a phenylphosphonic monoester moiety was smoothly cyclized with hex-3-yne to afford a compound having both isocoumarin and phosphaisocoumarin moieties. Alkenylphosphonic monoester afforded phosphorus 2-pyrone through oxidative cyclization with alkyne. Competition experiments between diaryl- and dialkylalkynes and between diarylacetylenes having <I>p</I>-methoxy and <I>p</I>-chloro groups gave results which showed that the present oxidative cyclizations were not affected by the electronic effects of alkynes. Mechanistic studies revealed C–H bond metalation to be the rate-limiting step.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/joceah/2013/joceah.2013.78.issue-20/jo401608v/production/images/medium/jo-2013-01608v_0012.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jo401608v'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Youngchul Yoo,Jong Chan Park,Joo-Mi Yoon,Hyemin Lim,Gang-Seob Lee,Sang-Won Lee 한국육종학회 2013 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2013 No.07
Plants have evolved a set of protecting mechanisms against pathogens, which include secondary metabolites and induced defense responses to pathogen attack. The biological role of purine alkaloids including caffeine is largely unknown. It has been proposed that caffeine confers a resistance against pathogenic bacteria and herbivores. We, in this study, tested direct effects on the growth of rice pathogenic microbes, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causing a bacterial leaf blight and Magnaporthe grisea (M. grisea) causing a rice blast. Cell growth of Xoo and M. grisea were significantly retarded in presence of high concentration (2mM) of caffeine. Exogenous caffeine (5mM) induced resistance of wild type rice (cv. Dongjin, susceptible to Xoo and M. grisea) against those pathogens. These results indicated that caffeine enhanced the basal resistance to infection with Xoo. In addition, expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes was tested in the caffeine treated rice to elucidate the acquired resistance by caffeine, resulted in induction of PR genes including OsPR1a and OsPrb1. We have generated a transgenic rice producing caffeine by introduction of three N- methyltransferase genes (CaXMT1, CaMXMT1, CaDXMT1) identified from coffee plant. The transgenic rice successfully expressed the three genes, synthesized caffeine up to 5ug/g and showed enhanced resistance to Xoo. We also observed that transcripts of PR genes such as the OsPR1a and OsPrb1 encoding PR-1 type pathogenesis-related protein increased in the caffeine-producing rice. These result showed that caffeine is likely to act a powerful factor to increase level of rice defense as a natural and non-harmful metabolite.
Fatigue Analysis of Composite Helicopter Hub Flexure by Meta models
Youngchul Park,Jungsun Park,Youngjung Kee 한국항공우주학회 2008 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
As new helicopter mission is more demanding, composite materials are used for a hub flexure of light weighted rotor system. The composite flexure has advantage in designing hingeless rotor system. The flexure resists flapping, fathering and lead-lagging moments as hinges. Due to the three dimensional hinges, the flexure has a very complicated structure to do analysis. In this study, the flexure is modeled as a laminated structure for the analysis of composite material. In the structural analysis. the static failure is determined by the maximum stress theory and Tsai-Hahn failure criterion. Moreover, the fatigue life is estimated by an in-house fatigue life estimation code for composite materials. The fatigue analysis requires load spectrums generated by FELIX. Fatigue experimental data are generated by one meta (approximate) models to establish the S-N curves for each layers. The meta model may generate simpler regression curve than general regression method, particularly for nonlinear problems. To pursue reliability analysis, the coefficients of determination method are compared between experimental points and regression curves. Thus, the fatigue life can be estimated with more accuracy. This analysis can be used for primary helicopter structural development.
효율적인 압축 알고리즘을 이용한 실용화 수준의 DVR 시스템
박영철(Youngchul Park),안재기(Jaeki Ahn) 한국정보과학회 2004 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지 Vol.10 No.3
본 논문은 실용화 레벨에서의 디지털 영상기록 (Digital Video Recording: DVR) 구현을 기술한다. 또한 입력 영상을 배경과 목표물 영역의 두 가지 영역으로 분리 처리하여 분리된 영역별로 중요도를 고려하여 서로 다른 압축 기법을 적용함으로써 효율적인 압축부호화를 수행할 수 있는 방안을 제안한다. 본 알고리즘은 영상 압축 부호화 기법으로서 영역분할을 통해 Macro block 단위로 물체 영역과 배경 영역을 재구성해서 부호화에 이용하는 방식이다. 제안된 알고리즘은 매우 효율적인 압축 성능을 보여주며, 저 전송률 상황에서도 높은 질의 영상을 복원할 수 있다. We describe a practical implementation of DVR (Digital Video Recording) system. And we propose a new image compression algorithm, that input video signal is divided into two parts, a moving target and a non-moving background part to achieve efficient compression of image sequences. This algorithm reorganizes a target area and a back-ground area by use of Macro Block(MB) unit on encoding scheme. The proposed algorithm allows high quality image reconstruction at low bit rates.