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박재현,김승철,한창훈,박종오,임영도 東亞大學校 附設 情報通信硏究所 1998 情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.6 No.1
In a case of driving beginnners, it is very difficult to park a car perfectly because driver's knowledge makes more errors than intelligent mechanism when they are performed repeatedly. However skilled drivers be of experienced knowledge are able to park a car quickly. In this paper, we analyzed driving patterns of skilled drivers, designed the fuzzy controller to park based on it, and perform auto-parking simulation of a car using that controller.
외과적 보조의 급속상악확장술 : 치험 5예 REPORT OF 5 CASES
박충열,이용욱,송종운,김영운,박홍주,오희균,유선열,이기현,황현식 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2002 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.24 No.1
Five adults (3 cases of bilateral posterior crossbite, 2 cases of unilateral posterior crossbite) with intermaxillary discrepancy of over 5㎜ due to maxillary transverse deficiency were treated by surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME). Bilateral maxillary horizontal osteotomies, osteotomies of pterygomaxillary junction and anterior lateral nasal wall, ans anterior palatal osteotomy were performed in 4 cases, and unilateral osteotomies in 1case, followed by palatal expansion with tooth-borne orthopedic applicance. No significant complication was observed. The mean palatal expansion was 7.2㎜ (5.8∼10.0㎜) in the maxillary first molar region. During the mean follow-up period of 4 years (5 months∼8 years 7 months), no recurrence of crossbite was observed in all cases. The SARME seemed to be a simple, stable, and reliable procedure for achieving a permanent increase of over 5㎜ in skeletal maxillary transverse width of adults.
조도 제어용 ASK 및 FSK 전력선 모뎀의 성능 평가
박종연,최현희 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2008 정보통신논문지 Vol.12 No.-
In this paper, two type of power line modems are evaluated to realize the lamp control system using the power line communication. One is FSK modem using DS/SS and the other is the manchester coded ASK modem. Both modems apply (7,4) hamming code to correct errors. There are two kinds of used loads ; the electronic ballast and the magnetic ballast. The Electronic ballast is for a 250Watt HID lamp, a 50watt florescent lamp and a 50watt induction lamp. The Magnetic ballast is for a 250watt HID lamp. Bit errors are measured between the main modem and the ASK or the FSK sub-modems in loads at equal distances. As a result, it is estimated that the FSK modem is more appropriate than the ASK modem in terms of the lamp dimming system. And we also concluded that the (7,4) hamming code is not suitable for ASK application In the lamp control system.
측모두부방사선사진과 측면얼굴사진 중첩 시 적합도에 관한 연구
박지영,이기헌,황현식,이종석 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2003 구강과학 Vol.15 No.3
The purpose of this study was to compare the geometric displacement between the lateral cephalometric radiograph and photograph. For the present study, 52 subjects with Angle Class I occlusion and no severe skeletal discrepancy were selected. The Head Posture Aligner and the standardized camera set up were adopted to obtain photographs and radiographs in a standardized manner. Six metal markers were placed on the subject's right side face representing Glabella (G), Zygoma (Zy), Philtrum (Ph), Soft tissue Gonion (Go'), Soft tissue Pogonion (Pog'), Soft tissue Menton (Me') before taking the lateral cephalometric radiograph and photograph. The 14 linear, 28 angular, and 5 area differences were measured after superimposition of the radiograph and photograph using nose and upper lip as a reference on the Image Analyzer. The paired t-test and the percentage of differences were used to compare the geometric displacement of metal markers between the lateral cephalometric radiograph and photograph. Through the statistical analysis, the following results were obtained. 1. When the linear measurements were compared between the lateral photograph and radiograph, the measurements related to Zy and Go' except Zy-Me' and Go'-Ph showed significant differences on both images. 2. On the angular comparison, the overall measurements except Me'-Ph-Pog', Ph-Pog'-Me', Ph-Me'-Pog', G-Me'-Ph, Me'-G-Ph. Ph-Go'-Pog', Go'-Zy-Me' and G-Go'-Me' showed significant differences on both images and especially the measurements related to Zy showed greater difference. 3. In area measurements, the overall measurements except G-Zy-Go' showed enlargement of the radiograph. 4. On the superimposition of the radiograph and photograph, the measurements related to the profile tended to be well matched. However, Zy on the lateral radiograph tended to be displaced downward and backward more than Zy on the photograph. Furthermore Go' on the lateral radiograph tended to be displaced upward and backward more than Go' on the photograph. The results suggested that the precise superimposition between the lateral cephalometric radiograph and photograph was not feasible due to differences in enlargement.
充塡複極槽에 의한 黃酸구리및窒酸카드뮴 廢液의 電解處理 (Ⅰ)
朴勝祚,崔鍾楨,張哲鉉 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1986 硏究報告 Vol.9 No.1
The objective of this study is to review charateristics of mono and bipolar electrolytic cell in various packing materials, applied valtages and material size. In this paper, we were investigated in the case of the electrolysis of CuSO₄ and Cd(NO₃)₂ solution under different conditions. When the electrolysis was carried out in the cell packed activated carbon from coconut shell, the reaction rate and particile size were increased, the reaction rate increased and metal deposited on packed material. The electrolytic treatment efficiency was over 98% when electrolysis were carried out at 20 voltages during 3 hours.
朴芝賢,金鍾甲 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2002 농업생명과학연구 Vol.36 No.1
울산ㆍ온산공업단지 주변의 해송림을 대상으로 해송의 잎과 토양에 대한 각종 중금속 및 잎속의 수용성 유황함량 등의 오염물질 분석을 통해 주변의 해송림의 활력도를 파악하여 대기오염에 의한 해송임분의 피해 상태를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 산림토양 pH는 경기화학 주변 해송림이 4.01로 가장 낮게 나타났으며 고려화학 주변 해송림을 제외한 모든 조사지역에서 강산성을 나타내었다. 산림토양 내 중금속함량에서, Zn은 6.20~526.42 ppm, Al은 671.69~2,168.41 ppm, Fe은 59.14~171.97 ppm, Cu는 1.87~159.74 ppm, Cd은 0.02~0.68 ppm, Pb은 3.18~48.63 ppm으로 나타났으며, 일반적으로 고려화학 및 경기화학 주변에서 대체적으로 높게 나타났다. 해송 잎속 수용성유황함량은 공단지역이 0.12-0.24 ppm로 나타났으며, 공단외 지역인 진하리에서는 0.08-0.10 ppm로 나타났다. 특히 경기화학 및 여천동지역은 0.16-0.23 ppm로 높게 나타났다. 잎의 연령별함량 분석에서는 3년생>2년생>1년생의 순으로 잎의 연령이 높을수록 증가하였다. 해송 잎속 중금속 함량에서, Zn은 63.57~1,105ppm, Al은 245.9~1,073ppm, Fe은 158.1~1,322ppm, Cu은 34.74~883.5ppm, Cd은 0.09~2.38ppm, Pb은 1.16~67.99ppm으로 나타났다. 잎의 연령별 중금속함량은 3년생>2년생>1년생으로 잎의 연령이 높을수록 중금속함량이 증가되었고, 특히 경기화학 주변의 해송 잎속 중금속함량이 다른 조사지역보다 높게 나타났다. 산림토양과 해송 잎속 오염물질 간이 상관분석에서 토양속의 Cu, Pb과 잎속 Cu, Pb간에는 정의 상관을 나타내어 밀접한 관계가 있음을 알 수 있다. This study carried out to understand the degree of vigour of Pinus thunbergii forest growing around Ulsan and Onsan industrial complex. It was analyzed the pollutants on leaves and soil of P. thunbergii forest. The pH of soil in P. thunbergii forest around Kyunggi chemical co. was the lowest as 4.1 and severe acidity in all survey areas besides Korea Chemical Co. In the content of heavy metals in soil of survey areas, each content of Zn, Al, Fe, Cu, Cd, and Pb showed as 6.20~526.42 ppm, 671.69~2,168.41 ppm, 59.14~171.97 ppm, 1.87~159.74 ppm, 0.02~068 ppm and 3.18~48.63 ppm, respectively, and were relatively high at the forest soil of Kyunggi Chemical Co. and Korea Chemical Co. The content of soluble sulfur in leaves by leaf age showed to 0.12~0.24ppm at each industrial complex besides Jinhari(0.08~0.10 ppm) of non-industrial area, and increased in order of 3-year-old needles, 2-year-old needles and teh current needles. Especially soluble sulfur content in leaves around Kyunggi Chemical Co. and Yochondong complex showed high as 0.16~0.23 ppm. In the content of heavy metals in P. thunbergii leaves at survey areas, the content of Zn, Al, Fe, Cu, Cd, and Pb showed to 63.57~1,105ppm, 245.9~1,073ppm, 158.1~1,322ppm, 34.7~883.5ppm, 0.09~2.38ppm and 1.16~67.99ppm, respectively and increased in order of 3-year-old needles, 2-year-old needles and the current needles. The heavy metal content of P. thunbergii leaves around Kyunggi Chemical Co. was especially higher than other survey areas. In the relationship of heavy metals in forest soils and leaves, there were positive correlations at Pb content and Cu content in soil and P. thunbergii leaves.
골격성 Ⅲ급 부정교합자에서 중심위 변위가 두부 방사선 계측치에 미치는 영향
박양수,김종철,황현식 대한치과교정학회 1996 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.26 No.3
본 연구는 Ⅲ급 부정교합자에서 중심교합상태의 두부 방사선 사진과 MPI 수치를 이용하여 중심위로 전환한 두부 방사선 사진(Centrically related cephalometrics)를 계측하여 중심위 변위시 유의한 계측치 변화가 있는지 확인하고자 시행되었다. 교정치료의 경험이 없는 25명의 Ⅲ급 부정교합군과 25명의 정상교합군을 대상으로 하여, 중심교합위 상태의 측모 두부 방사선 사진과 중심위 및 중심교합위 기록을 채득하고, 모형을 SAMⅡ 교합기에 부착하였다. 중심위 변위량은 MPI(Mandibular Position Indicator)를 이용하여 계측하였으며, MPI 수치와 중심교합위 상태의 측모 두부 방사선 사진의 투사도를 이용하여 Conversion work sheet상에서 중심위 전환을 시행하였다. 두부 상사선 계측 항목은 하악골의 위치와 관계되는 것을 선택하였다. 정상교합군과 Ⅲ급 부정교합군에서 중심위와 중심교합위간의 계측치 변화를 연구하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 하악 과두에서의 중심위 변위량은 정상교합군에서 전후방 변위량(ΔX)0.56±0.50mm, 수직적 변위량(ΔZ) -0.61±0.53mm였으며, Ⅲ급 부정교합군에서 전후방 변위량 (ΔX) 0.093±0.77mm, 수직적 변위량(ΔZ) -0.64±0.89mm로, 두군 보두 후하방 변위양상을 나타냈다. Ⅲ급 부정교합군에서 정상교합군보다 전후방 변위량이 더 크게 나타났으나 통계학적인 유의성은 없었다. 2. 중심교합위와 중심위 두부 방사선 사진의 계측치를 비교해 본 결과 정상 교합군에서 ANB, Facial angle, Facial convexity, ODI 등의 항목이 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. Ⅲ급 부정 교합군에서는 ANB, Facial angle, facial convexity, ODI, SNB, APDI, L1-FP 등 유의한 차이를 보이는 항목이 더 많았고 유의성도 더 높게 나타났다. 3. 두부 방사선 사진의 계측치 변화는 중심위 변위와는 연관성이 있었으나, 정상교합군과 Ⅲ급 부정교합군에 대한 연관성이 없었다. 이상의 결과는 중심의 변위량이 임상적으로 재현할 수 있는 중심위 위치에서 정상적으로 변위되는 양보다 큰 경우 중심위는 교정 환자에서 적절한 진단과 치료 계획 수립을 위한 기준 점으로 고려되어야 함을 시사하였다. The purpose of this study was to investigate if there were a significant difference between cephalometric measurements of mandibular position derived from a centric occlusion tracing compared to those of a converted centric relation tracing in the Class Ⅲ malocclusion. The sample consisted of 25 ClassⅢ malocclusion and 25 normal occlusion persons who had no orthodontic treatment. The records included an lateral cephalometrics in centric occlusion, centric relation and centric occlusion bite registration and diagnostic casts mounted on the SAM Ⅱ articulator in CR. The amount of CR-CO discrepancy of condyle was recorded using a MPI(Mandibular Position Indicator, MPI 200, Great Lakes Orthodontics, USA). The conversion of the CO cephalogram to CR using the MPI readings was performed on the Conversion work sheet. Measures of mandibular position were chosen for the purpose of this study. The comparison of the difference between CO and CR cephalometric measurements in the normal occlusion and Class Ⅲ malocclusion group were studied. The results were as follows: 1. In the features of CR-CO discrepancy of the condyle, the condyle was displaced posterior and inferior when the teeth were in centric occlusion. The horizontal component(ΔX) in Class Ⅲ malocclusion group was greater than the vertical component(ΔX) and also greater than the horizontal component(ΔZ) in normal occlusion group. There was no statistically significant correlation between MPI measurements and the groups of normal occlusion and Class Ⅲ malocclusion group. 2. In the comparison of the cephalometric measurements in each group, Normal occlusion group showed significant difference in measurements such as ANB, Facial angle, Facial convexity and ODI. ClassⅢ malocclusion group showed significant difference in measurements such as ANB, Facial angle, Facial convexity, OEI, SNB, APDI, L1-FP and it had more significance than the normal occlusion group. 3. The Value of cephalometric measurements was significantly different between CO and CR but there were no differences between the groups of normal occlusion and Class Ⅲ malocclusion. The results of this study suggest that if the discrepancies are greater than the amount of normal displacement from clinically captured centric relation, centric relation should be considered as the starting point for proper diagnosis and treatment planning.
박종천,이용탁,송현철,이우범 國立麗水大學校 環境問題硏究所 2004 環境硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-
The mutagenicity of six kinds of VOCs(benzene, m.p-xylene, chloroform, toluene, methylethylketone, 1,2-dichloroethane) detected in high concentration and frequency in Kwangyang Bay was investigated. VOCs are water-insoluble and volatile. Therefore, when they are tested by the classical Ames test in the assay of mutagenicity, there may be experimental errors. To overcome this limitation, modified Ames test was used to assay mutagenicity of VOCs. By this modified Ames test, we could obtain much more satisfactory results. Even at extremely low concentration(0.0001㎍/㎖). bezene, m,p-xylene, and methylethylketone showed a weak mutagenicity. When S-9 mixture is added in the assay system, all tested VOCs except methylethylketone showed mutagenicity. When Salmonclla typhimurium TA 98 and Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 are exposed to VOCs of high concentration(100㎍/㎖). the number of colony decreased irrespective of the S-9 mixture treatment. It seem to be that the decrement results from the toxic effect of high concentration of VOCs.
Pocine Adenovirus-3의 E1B Region의 鹽基序列 分析
朴鍾賢,宋載永,李重馥,玄芳勳,安東濬,車相昊,裵用泰,姜永源,Reddy, P S,全茂炯,安壽煥 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 1999 생물공학연구지 Vol.7 No.-
돼지 아데노바이러스(PAV-3). 6618주의 EIB region이 包含되어 있는 map unit 4.0에서 9.7까지의 유전자에 대한 1,984 bp의 염기서열을 決定하였으며, 이 結果를 알려진 여러 아데노바이러스 유전자와 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. PAV-3의 EIB유전자는 10개의 ORF로 구성되어 있으며, 그 중 아데노바이러스의 단백질과 유사성이 있는 것은 ORF1, ORF2 및 ORF3이었다. ORF1은 Ad41의 19kd 와 BAV-2에서의 EIB ORF2에서의 아미노산의 一致率은 각각 32%와 31%이었다. 2. ORF2는 Ad2 55kd protein과 tupaia adenovirus 44kd protein가 각각 34%로 아미노산 一致率이 가장 높았으며, Ad41의 52kd protein. BAV-3의 EIB ORF3에서도 33%의 一致率을 보였다. 3. ORF1은 61-666 uncleotide (606 bp), ORF 2에서는 429-1,850 uncleotide (1,422 bp)의 부위로 각각 202, 474 a.a로 構成되었으며, 예상되는 분자량은 20 kd와 52 kd이었다. 4. ORF3는 hexon-associated pIX유전자로 추정되며 내부에 1개의 polyadenylation signal(ATAAA)이 1938-1942 uncleotide에 위치하였으며, 이 부위는 TATA box (1937-1942 uncleotide)와 중복되어 존재하였다. Porcine adenovirus type 3 (PAV-3) does not cause severe infection in pigs. Adenovirus has been suggestive of live vaccine vector carrying foreign gene. One of insertion regions is delayed early (EIB) region. However, EIB region of PAV-3 has not been molecularly characterized to date. Nucleotide sequence of EIB of PAV-3 was determined. The EIB region was composed of 1,984 bp and located between 4.0 and 9.7 map units. Three potential open reading frames(ORFs) with low level of homology to other adenoviruses and a polyadenylation signal were identified in the rightward direction of genome. The nucleotide and the predicted amino acid sequences of EIB were compared to those of human and animal adenoviruses. One of the three potential ORFs. ORF1 encoded a polypeptide homologous to bovine adenovirus type 2(BAV-2) ORF2 and human adenovirus type 41(Ad41) 19 kd protein. ORF2 encoded a polypeptide homologous to human adenovirus type 2(Ad2) 55 kd protein, bovine adenovirus type 3(BAV-3) ORF3 and porcine adenovirus type 4(PAV-4) ORF2. The predicted protein of ORF1 had homology to those of Ad41 and BAV-2 with 32 and 31% respectively, whereas the deduced protein of ORF2 had homology to those of Ad2. BAV-3 and PAV-4 with 34, 33 and 29%, respectively.