기존단독주택지의 도로변 주차에 관한 연구 : 목포시 산정 1동을 중심으로 Focused on the Detached Housing Area Sangjung 1 Dong in Mokpo City

박정현,조용준 조선대학교 국토개발연구소 1997 국토개발연구 Vol.17 No.1

This study examines parking types, methods and hours on existing detached housing areas at Sanjung 1 dong, Mokpo-city, carried out the questionnaire of class characteristics, possession of vehicle and using pattern of parking space for the residents and then the following conclusions are obtained. 1. 60% of respoding households posses the car, but the cases with parking lot are just 2.0% and over of car owners parked their cars illegally on the road, and the most sinificant reason of illegal parking is the lack of parking facilities(74%). 2. On the possession of car by that of house, homeowers of respoding households are 0.63 car/households and lessees are 0.65 car/households. 3. On the parking conditions on the road of housing area, there is a difference by a day of the week, but it begins to be decreased from 07:00, increased from 18:00 and it is the peak on 23:00. 4. most of the respondents (90%) agree to the contruction of paid parking iot and in this case, the appropriate distance to houses is within 50m and in the opinion of enforcement of car shed certification and of double taxation of two cars per households, 60% of the respondents (60%) agree to this. To sum up the above conclusions, the road of existings detached house is the stage of the conflicts among neighbors as well as the violation of walking right due to illegal parking cars on the roda and it is urgent to secure the parking space due to the construction of multi-household houses. However, since it is difficult for existing detached housing area to secure the security of parking space due to the narrow housing area and the unclear road limit in housing area, the methods which use the common parking facilities by developing surrounding idle area, idle space of public agencies and existing housing site should be examined and for this, the various incentive system should be arranged and operated

행정중심복합도시 중앙녹지공간 국제설계공모에 나타난 대형 공원의 설계 전략

박근현,배정한,Park, Keun-Hyun,Pae, Jeong-Hann 한국조경학회 2008 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.36 No.5

Although competitions for large parks are increasing rapidly across the world, theoretical research and critiques of these competitions are as yet insufficient. The 'International Design Competition for Central Open Space in Multi-functional Administrative City, Korea', a representative competition for large park design, can be a significant resource for examining the contemporary design strategies that go into the design of a large park. In this study, the authors make a framework for analysis by looking at the competition's design guidelines and literatures on 'large parks', and by then analyzing the ten finalists. Four questions that were derived from the framework were: 'what are the approaches to large parks?', 'what is the process of design?', 'what is the sustainability of the park?', and 'what are the relations between city and park?' The results of the study are as follows. First, the design concepts for large parks are primarily site-specific. It is particularly important in ensuring the identity of the large park. Second, it is difficult to find design proposals which satisfy the four main questions sufficiently, and works submitted tend to be visual-oriented, form-oriented, and results-centered. Third, the notion of 'sustainability' in large parks is a comprehensive one which includes various aspects such as ecology, finance, programming, and community. However, the notion remains ambiguous, and plans for operation and management are not concretely proposed. Finally, design proposals for large parks accompany positive relations with the city. Especially, 'productive parks' and 'city self-sufficiency' are very important demands in regards to large parks. 전 세계적으로 대형 공원 설계공모가 급증하고 있지만 이에 대한 체계적 검토와 비판적 연구는 드물다. 대표적인 대형 공원 설계공모였던 행정중심복합도시 중앙녹지공간 국제설계공모는 동시대 대형 공원의 설계 전략을 고찰할 수 있는 의미 있는 소재이다. 본 연구는 공모전의 지침서 및 '대형 공원'과 관련된 기존의 문헌 연구를 통해 분석틀을 마련하고, 이를 바탕으로 열개의 결선작을 분석하였다. 분석틀로 도출된 네 가지 질문은 대형 공원에 대한 접근 방식, 프로세스 설계, 공원의 지속가능성, 도시와의 관계이다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대형 공원의 설계 개념은 주로 대상지 내부의 특성에서 나온다. 특히 공원의 정체성 확보가 대형 공원에서는 중요하다. 둘째, 본 연구의 네 가지 질문을 모두 만족시킨 설계안은 찾기 어려웠으며, 여전히 시각적, 형태중심적, 결과중심적 설계가 많았다. 셋째, 대형 공원의 '지속가능성'은 생태적 측면, 재정적 측면, 프로그램 측면, 커뮤니티 측면 등 다양한 측면을 아우르는 포괄적인 개념이다. 하지만 그 개념이 아직 모호하고, 구체적인 운영 및 관리 프로그램들이 부족하다. 넷째, 대형 공원은 도시와의 관계 맺기에 적극적으로 나선다. 특히, '생산하는 공원'과 '도시의 자급자족성 확보'는 대형 공원에 요청되는 중요한 필요조건이다.

神에 대한 硏究 : ≪黃帝內徑≫을 中心으로 focus on ≪Huangdineijing(黃帝內徑)≫

丁彰炫,朴贊國 慶熙大學校韓醫科大學韓醫學硏究所 1996 慶熙韓醫大論文集 Vol.19 No.2

This thesis was written in order to help set the groundwork of a new medicine based on Shin(神). This new medicine is an advanced system of Hyung(形) focused western medicine and Ki(氣) oriented eastern medicine. In this thesis, I examined the text, 《Huangdineijing(黃帝內經)》and analyzed the important points relating to Shin(神), such as classification, faculty, properties. Shin(神) in 《Huangdineijing(黃帝內經)》is classified according to either its hierarchy or its faculty. Hierarchically, Shin(神) in 《Huangdineijing(黃帝內經)》has two levels; "Cosmos Shin"(天神) and "Human Shin"(人神). Cosmos Shin(天神), which is the "Great Law" is the basis of creation, change, development, extinction of all things in the universe including human. "Human Shin" which represents Shin(神) at the mundane level is the "Basic Principle" of human life, speaking broadly and mental function in a narrow sense. In terms of faculty, Shin(神) in 《Huangdineijing(黃帝內經)》is divided into Shin-myung(神明), Shin-ki(神氣) and Jeong-Shin(精神). Shin-myung(神明) is not only the "Basic Law" which has control over the movements and changes of the universe, but also the "Basic Principle" of human life. Shin-ki(神氣), it can be said, forms of Shin's expression. It means that Shin(神) reveals itself by means of Ki(氣). Jeong-Shin(精神) means mental function which dwells in the body and has a control over thinking, consciousness and judgment. In other words, Shin-myung(神明) indicates Shin's property of controlling or regulating, Shin-ki(神氣) indicates Shin's activity, and Jeong-Shin(精神) indicates both the Shin(神) and body united. In conclusion, all of the aforementioned are only classifications dividing the one Shin(神). Although the Shin may be classified according to the particular situation, it is still the one Shin.

Influence of Phase Composition in TiAlSiN Hard Coatings on the Evolution of Structure and Mechanical Properties

Jeong‑Han Lee,Ik‑Hyun Oh,Jun‑Ho Jang,Ju‑Hun Kim,Sung‑Kil Hong,Hyun‑Kuk Park 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.3

The aim of this study is to investigate the structural evolution and mechanical properties of TiAlSiN coatings when processedby the arc ion plating method. To form a hard coating, Ti, Al, and Si powders were mechanically alloyed by planetary ballmilling; the powders were then densely compacted during a rapid sintering process into a ternary system coating, i.e. TiAlSi. The evolution of the structural phase from a powder to a compact material is dominated considerably by phase states suchas a supersaturated solid solution or intermetallic compounds. In the case of coating layers, the factors that determine thestructural evolution are associated with the phase stability of the nano-crystalline structure that in turn is associated withthe Ti/Al composition ratio. Motivated by this, we performed experiments to investigate the distribution of microstructures;the material’s binding energy, quantitative properties, transformation of crystal structure, and distribution of amorphous/crystalline were all recorded. In particular, the relationship between the physical and chemical properties during the coatingprocess is considered to be the dominant factor controlling the orientation and morphology of that zone (1, T, and 2). TheTiAlSiN coating layer was found to have hardness above 45 GPa and an adhesion above 100 N. In other words, understandingthe evolution and structure of TiAlSin helped us to produce a material with excellent properties that can be used as a hardcoating. Specifically, these properties were induced by a grain refinement of the nano-crystalline structure that correspondsto an increase in the silicon nitride contents.

Interleukin-2와 결핵균 30 kDa 항원이 구개편도 및 말초혈액 T 세포 증식에 미치는 상승효과

박정규,박찬권,조은경,김화중,백태현,고필준,김병국,남부현,나기상,박찬일 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1995 충남의대잡지 Vol.22 No.1

Widespread use of BCG has not controlled tuberculosis, and more effective vaccines are clearly needed. Although chemotherapy will remain the mainstay of antituberculosis treatment, the use of adjunctive immunotherapeutic modalitites is attractive, particularly in persons with drug-resistant tuberculosis. Administration of IL-2 or IFN-γto tuberculosis patients enhance bacillary elimination. Cell-mediated immunity is the critical protective immune response in tuberculosis. Mycobacterial antigens are recognized by T cells and that elicit production of protective cytokines are potentially important vaccine antigens. The 30 kDa antigen is secreted in large quantities by growing mycobacteria. That antigen elicits greater proliferation in lymphocytes from healthy tuberculin reactors than healthy tuberculin nonreactors. In this study, the T lymphocyte proliferative responses to 30 kDa antigen from Mycobactrium tuberculosis H37Rv were examined by using tonsilar and peripheral blood lymphocytes from PPD(+) and PPD(-) tonsilectomized persons. When cultured with 30 kD antigen, tonsilar mononuclear leukocytes and T cells of PPD(+) demonstrated more ^3H-thymidine incorporation than PPD(-) persons (stimulation index was 2.5 and 1.9, 0.8 and 1.0, repectively). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and peripheral blood T lymphocytes were shown the similar responses to this antigen. The combination of IL-2 and 30 kDa antigen elicited a significant proliferative responsiveness in tonsilar mononuclear leukocytes and T cells of PPD(+) persons (SI was 20 and 14.1). PBMC and peripheral blood T cells of PPD(+) persons were also shown a significant responsiveness, but PPD(-) persons did not show. These results demonstrate that the 30 kDa antigen and IL-2 have a synergistic stimulatory property in mycobacteria sensitizing lymphocytes.

방사선사진의 인덱스-순서 분석을 통한 치아경조직의 탈염화 검출

박동현,박영호,김경숙,박정훈,이기자,최삼진,최용석,황의환,박헌국 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2009 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.39 No.2

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to develop the radiographic technique for detecting the demineralization which is known as indication of dental caries. Materials and Methods : This technique was based on the comparing of multiple radiographs which was irradiated by multiple X-ray spectra. For the meaningful comparing, the multiple radiographs were reconstructed to the dosimetrically consistent images using a standard material. The difference of resulting images of same target with multiple spectra represents the difference of response of material as regards the spectra. Results : We have found about 10% of demineralization of dental hard tissues particularly in the proximal region through the analyzing of differences. Conclusion : Most intriguing thing in this investigation was that the method to analyze difference shows us to an anatomic structure of dental hard tissues even if absolute values of optical density were excluded during the procedures.

Characterization and Property Evaluation of Ti‑Based Target Materials and Their Nitride Nano‑composites Coating Layers

Jeong‑Han Lee,Hyun‑Kuk Park,장준호,Ik‑Hyun Oh 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.1

This study formed a hard TiAlSiWN coating layer using Ti, Al, Si and W raw powders that were mechanically alloyed andrefined. The TiAlSi and TiAlSiW coating targets were fabricated using a pulse current activated sintering process in a shorttime with the optimal sintering conditions. The optimized sintering condition was obtained by controlling process parameterssuch as temperature, pressure, heating rate and pulse ratio (on/off). The coating targets were successfully deposited onthe WC substrate to form the TiAlSiN and TiAlSiWN nitride nano-composite structures by an arc ion plating process andalso, their coating layers were compared according to the addition of W element. The microstructures of the nitride nanocompositecoating layer were analyzed, focusing on the distribution of the crystalline phases, amorphous phases (Si3N4),and growth orientation of the columnar crystal depending on the addition of W element. The mechanical properties of thecoating layers were exhibited a hardness of approximately 3000 kg/mm2 and adhesion of about 117.77 N in the TiAlSiN. Inparticular, the TiAlSiWN showed excellent properties with a hardness of more than 4300 kg/mm2 and an adhesion of about181.47 N, respectively.

Rapid Consolidation of WC‑ZrSiO4 Hard Materials by Spark Plasma Sintering: Microstructure, Densification, and Mechanical Properties

Jeong‑Han Lee,Ik‑Hyun Oh,Ju‑Hun Kim,Sung‑Kil Hong,Hyun‑Kuk Park 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.9

Densely consolidated WC-based hard materials with 5–20 vol% ZrSiO4was fabricated by spark plasma sintering at 1400 ℃ ata constant heating rate of 70 ℃/min−1. To achieve mechanical alloying of WC-ZrSiO4, planetary ball milling was carried outfor 12 h, during which the brittle-brittle components (WC-ZrSiO4) became fragmented and their particles became refined. Itwas observed that certain, specific, non-isothermal sintering kinetics, such as apparent activation energy, sintering exponents,and densification strain, affected the densification behavior. The evolution of phase structure from powder to compact wasfound to be related the lattice distortion and micro-strain in the basal planes of WC. By examining the mechanical propertiesof the samples, it was that the added zircon content leads to enhanced fracture toughness (12.9 MPa m1/2) owing to thepresence of WC-ZrSiO4 in the cemented carbide. In fact, the microcrack propagation of the fracture passed through zirconfrom a transgranular to a ductile component (fcc) where the crack tips could be absorbed.

UV/TiO₂ 광촉매산화 복합공정을 이용한 악취 및 VOCs 제거를 위한 장치 개발 연구

박정섭,박진우,김종범,이현정,박정우,최금찬 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 2006 硏究報告 Vol.28 No.1

We have developed UV/TiO₂ photocatalytic oxidation combined process to control odor and VOCs in industrial applications. Three types of individual processes are introduced to test of their ability to increase treatment efficiency. Odor and VOC gases such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, formaldehyde and toluene are used for target gas. UV/TiO₂ photocatalytic oxidation combined process with activated carbon was excellent among the three types processes without relation to gas species. It will promise that this new type UV/TiO₂ photocatalytic oxidation combined process can apply industrial applications to remove odorous gases from the emission source. 본 연구에서는 대표적인 악취물질과 VOCs 의 처리 를 목적으로 UV 광촉매산화 복합공정을 이용하여 암모니아와 황화수소 그리고 포름알데히드와 툴루엔의 제거율을 높임으로써 산업공정 등에서 UV 광촉매산화 복합공정의 적용가능성을 검토하였다. 현단계까지는 악취물질의 각 물질별로 전환효율은 낮으나, 본 연구에서 제작된 UV 광촉매산화 복합공정은 악취 물질과 VOCs가 많이 발생되는 산업현장내 근무자로부터 악취물질과 VOCs등 각종 대기오염물질 저감을 위한 장치로서 실용화 가능성을 기대할 수 있다.

Effect of Mechanical Alloying on the Microstructural Evolution of Al60Cr30Si10 Alloys Processed by Spark Plasma Sintering

Jeong‑Han Lee,Ik‑Hyun Oh,Jun‑Ho Jang,Ju‑Hun Kim,Sung‑Kil Hong,Hyun‑Kuk Park 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.5

In this study, Al, Cr and Si fine powders were alloyed by planetary ball milling to investigate their microstructural evolution,following their mechanical alloying behavior. The formation of Al(Cr) supersaturated solid solution by the Cr grainsembedded in Al-matrix, which contributed substitutional structure is discussed in relation to their structural evolution inaccordance with the distortion of a crystal lattice. The compacts of Al–Cr–Si alloys were prepared by rapid sintering withina short time by dense consolidation above the density of 99.9% as the formation of intermetallics, except in the case of thedistribution of single-phases induced by the Al-melting. The formation behavior of intermetallics was dominated by dependenceon the structures of the milled-powder and subsequent sintering temperature. To estimate the consolidated behaviorsof compacts, various approaches derived from TEM and XRD analysis were taken to obtain microstructural evidences ofthe inter-diffusion, following the presence of thermally stable intermetallics.