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논문 : 금속성 응집제와 모노클로라민의 상호작용이 Polyamide계 RO막 성능에 미치는 영향
김경화 ( Kyung Hwa Kim ),홍승관 ( Seung Kwan Hong ),박찬혁 ( Chan Hyuk Park ),윤성로 ( Seong Ro Yoon ),홍성표 ( Seong Pyuo Hong ),이종화 ( Jong Hwa Lee ) 대한상하수도학회 2006 상하수도학회지 Vol.20 No.4
The bench-scale chlorine exposure study was performed to investigate the effect of pretreatment by free chlorine and monochloramine (NH2Cl) on the performance of RO membranes made of polyamide (PA). Feed monochloramination at 2㎎/L did not cause significant productivity loss compared to free chlorine. However, metal coagulants reacted with monochloramine, the PA membrane suffered from a gradual loss of membrane integrity by chlorine oxidation, which was characterized as a decrease in salt rejection. Especially, RO membranes exposed to alum coagulants with monochloramine revealed the salt rejection lower than those exposed to iron coagulants. XPS membrane surface analysis demonstrated that the chlorine uptake on the membrane surface increased and carbon peaks were shifted significantly when exposed to alum coagulants with monochloramine.
박노혁,홍인표,장효죽,김종환 大韓成形外科學會 1997 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.24 No.4
The usefulness of muscle flap for coverage of denuded bone in the lower leg is well known. In the upper and middle third of the leg, gastrocnemius or soleus muscle flap is the flap of choice for coverage of the defect. There are several advantages for these flaps, such as the capacity for coverage of large defect, easy and safe flap elevation and little or no functional deficit. Besides the above two muscle flaps, tibialis anterior muscle, peronius logus and extensor digitorum longus muscle can be used. Tibialis anterior muscle lies just lateral to tibia and carries a type Ⅳ pettern of vascular pedicle. Therefore the muscle flap can be safety mobilized with division of several distal vascular pedicle. With function-preserving technique, this muscle is useful for the coverage of small defects in the middle third of the leg or defect located at a somewhat lower level between the upper and middle one third. During the past three years, we have experienced 14 cases lower leg reconstruction with tibialis anterior muscle transposition flap. The average size of the defect was 5㎠(1 to 15 ㎠).
Kinase Suppressor of Ras 1 Promotes YAP/TAZ-Mediated Tumorigenesis in the Liver
( Hyuk Moon ),( Kyungjoo Cho ),( Soonyoung Shin ),( Simon W. Ro ),( Beom Kyung Kim ),( Seung Up Kim ),( Jun Yong Park ),( Sang Hoon Ahn ),( Do Young Kim ),( Kwang-hyub Han ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1
Aims: Liver cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The Hippo signaling pathway is tumor suppressive, as its inactivation leads to tissue overgrowth and tumor formation via YAP- or TAZ-mediated transcriptional activation. YAP is overexpressed in 62% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and in almost 90% of human cholangiocarcinoma (CCC). Kinase Suppressor of Ras 1 (KSR1) is a scaffold protein for the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, promoting activation of MEK and ERK. Pro-tumorigenic roles of KSR1 in Ras-activated cancers have been verified in murine models for lung, skin, and pancreatic cancers. In this study, we have investigated the role of KSR1 in YAP/TAZ-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis. Methods: Transposons were constructed encoding KSR1 and an activated from of TAZ (TAZ<sup>S89A</sup>). Transposons were hydrodynamically delivered to livers of 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice. Mice were monitored at least twice per week and sacrificed when moribund. Tumor-bearing livers were formalin fixed for hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Results: Analysis of gene expression levels in human HCC and CCC samples deposited in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed that KSR1 was significantly upregulated both in human HCC and CCC, compared with non-tumoral surrounding livers (P<0.0001 in HCC and P=0.0063 in CCC). Co-expression of KSR1 and an activated form of TAZ (TAZ<sup>S89A</sup>) led to the development of both HCC and CCC in the murine livers, while expression of TAZ<sup>S89A</sup> alone failed to induce hepatic tumors. Conclusions: KSR1 promotes hepatocarcinogenesis, both in HCC and CCC. Suppression of KSR1 might be an attractive therapeutic option for both types of hepatic malignancies.
Integrative package for low back pain with leg pain in Korea: A prospective cohort study
Park, Jongbae J.,Shin, Joonshik,Choi, Youngkwon,Youn, Yousuk,Lee, Sangho,Kwon, Seung-Ro,Lee, Hyangsook,Kang, Man-Ho,Ha, In-Hyuk,Shin, Imhee Elsevier 2010 COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES IN MEDICINE Vol.18 No.2
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Back pain significantly affects both patients and society through personal suffering, supporting burden, work loss, and incurred expenses. With no unequivocal support for surgery versus conservative treatment, an integrative approach has become popular in Korea.</P><P><B>Objectives</B></P><P>To investigate the outcomes of an integrative package for low back pain with leg pain.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>A prospective cohort study involving patients with low back and leg pain and confirmed disc herniation was carried out at an outpatient clinic in Korea. The treatment package comprised of herbal medicines, acupuncture, bee venom acupuncture, and a Korean version of spinal manipulation (Chuna). Study participants were evaluated at baseline and every 4 weeks for 24 weeks. Low back and leg pain intensity levels were measured on a visual analog scale (0–10), back function was evaluated with the Oswestry Disability Index (0–100), and the overall quality of life was assessed using the SF-36 Health Survey (0–100 in 8 different subcategories).</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Out of 150 patients, 128 completed the 24 weeks of therapy. Patients reported improvements in all outcome measures. At the completion of the study, low back pain scores improved by a mean of 3.3 (95% CI=2.8 to 3.8), and leg pain scores improved by a mean of 6.3 (95% CI=5.9 to 6.6). Significant improvements in ODI and SF-36 scores were observed at 4 weeks and sustained throughout.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>This integrative package was effective in the treatment of LBP with leg pain and warrants further rigorous investigations.</P>
Park, Junsoo,Jeong, In Gab,Bang, Jeong Kyoon,Cho, Young Mee,Ro, Jae Y.,Hong, Jun Hyuk,Ahn, Hanjong,Kim, Choung-Soo The Korean Urological Association 2010 Korean Journal of Urology Vol.51 No.6
<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>To analyze the preoperative clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with pT0 prostate cancer.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>We retrospectively reviewed the records of 702 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) at our institution between January 2004 and July 2008 for clinically localized prostate cancer. If there was no evidence of residual tumor in the pathological specimen of the prostate, a patient was staged as pT0. Patients with pT0 disease were compared with a control group of patients who were operated on during the same period.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Overall, 9 (1.3%) patients were staged as pT0 on the pathologic examination. Significant differences were observed between the pT0 group and the control patients in the biopsy Gleason score (p=0.004), the number of positive cores on biopsy (p=0.018), the tumor length of positive cores (p<0.001), and prostate volume (p=0.015). Cutoff values predictive of pT0 tumor status were defined as a biopsy Gleason score sum ≤6, 2 or fewer positive biopsy cores, tumor length on biopsy ≤2 mm, and prostate volume >30 cm<SUP>3</SUP>. Whereas 8 of the 9 (88.9%) pT0 patients showed all of these characteristics, only 55 of the 693 (7.9%) control patients fulfilled the criteria. The combination suggested above afforded a sensitivity of 88.8% and a specificity of 92.1% for the prediction of pT0 status.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>The frequency of pT0 prostate cancer seen on RP was 1.3%. A combination of clinicopathological features, incorporating a biopsy Gleason score, the number of positive biopsy cores, tumor length on biopsy, and prostate volume, was useful to predict pT0 stage on RP.</P>
Park, Yeon Hee,Jung, Kyung Hae,Im, Seock-Ah,Sohn, Joo Hyuk,Ro, Jungsil,Ahn, Jin-Hee,Kim, Sung-Bae,Nam, Byung-Ho,Oh, Do Youn,Han, Sae-Won,Lee, Soohyeon,Park, In Hae,Lee, Keun Seok,Kim, Jee Hyun,Kang, S M. Nijhoff ; Kluwer Academic Publishers 2015 Breast cancer research and treatment Vol.152 No.1
<P>The therapeutic goals are palliative for metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and include prolongation of survival with good quality of life (QoL) and symptom control. The purpose of this study was to examine QoL among women with MBC treated on KCSG-BR07-02 with maintenance of paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (PG) chemotherapy after achieving disease control to initial six cycles of PG chemotherapy or observation. Patients were randomized to either maintenance chemotherapy or observation until progression. QoL was assessed using EORTC QLQ-C30 and BR-23. QoL at each cycle was compared between the two treatment arms using the 2-sample t test. Generalized estimating equation method was used to examine the overall difference between the two treatments in QoL. All reported p-values are 2 sided. There were no statistically significant differences between two arms in most of the component of the EORTC QLQ-C30 and BR-23 (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference between two treatments (p = 0.6094 for QLQ-C30, p = 0.5516 for BR23) at baseline, and there did not exist significant change over the cycle (p = 0.0914 for QLQ-C30, p = 0.7981 for BR23). There was no significant interaction effect between treatment and cycle (p = 0.5543 for QLQ-C30. p = 0.5817 for BR23). Maintenance PG chemotherapy in patients with MBC achieving disease control with an initial six cycles of PG chemotherapy resulted in better PFS and OS compared to observation without impeding QoL.</P>
Park, Yeon Hee,Jung, Kyung Hae,Im, Seock-Ah,Sohn, Joo Hyuk,Ro, Jungsil,Ahn, Jin-Hee,Kim, Sung-Bae,Nam, Byung-Ho,Oh, Do Youn,Han, Sae-Won,Lee, Soohyeon,Park, In Hae,Lee, Keun Seok,Kim, Jee Hyun,Kang, S American Society for Clinical Oncology 2013 Journal of clinical oncology Vol.31 No.14
<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>The primary purpose of our study was to evaluate whether maintenance chemotherapy with paclitaxel/gemcitabine (PG) was superior to observation in improving progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who achieved disease control with an initial six cycles of PG as their first-line treatment.</P><P><B>Patients and Methods</B></P><P>The study was a prospective, randomized, multicenter, phase III trial. Patients MBC with who achieved disease control after six cycles of PG chemotherapy were randomly assigned to maintenance chemotherapy or observation until progression.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Of 324 patients from 10 centers enrolled, 231 patients with MBC exhibited disease control (complete response + partial response + stable disease) with first-line PG and were randomly assigned to maintenance chemotherapy (n = 116) or observation (n = 115). The median age was 48 years (range, 28 to 76 years), median follow-up was 33 months, and median number of chemotherapy cycles in the maintenance group after random assignment was six. The median PFS time after random assignment was longer in the maintenance group than in the observation group (7.5 <I>v</I> 3.8 months, respectively; <I>P</I> = .026). The median overall survival (OS) time was longer in the maintenance group than in the observation group (32.3 <I>v</I> 23.5 months, respectively; <I>P</I> = .047). The rate of grade 3 or higher neutropenia after random assignment was higher in the maintenance group than in the observation group (61% <I>v</I> 0.9%, respectively; <I>P</I> < .001).</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>In patients with MBC who achieved disease control with an initial six cycles of PG chemotherapy, maintenance PG chemotherapy resulted in better PFS and OS compared with observation.</P>