폐결핵 환자 혈청에서 수용성 Interleukin 2 수용체 및 Adenosine Deaminase 활성도에 관한 연구

고정희,박성규,백상현,박찬권,박병수,안진영,최우석,박정규 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1993 충남의대잡지 Vol.20 No.1

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) induces T cell proliferation in an autocrine manner and provides a means by which antigen triggered T cells can be clonally expanded in vitro. During the following activation, the activity of IL-2 is mediated by specific high affinity IL-2 binding membrane receptors which are expressed shortly after activation. In this process, a 42 KD-fragment (soluble IL-2R) is continuously cleaved off and circulates as a soluble marker of T lymphocyte activation. Elevated level of soluble IL-2R has been identified in the serum of patients with malignant autoimmune and allergic disorders, systemic parasitic infection, undergoing graft versus host disease, acute or chronic lymphocytic leukemia and HIV-infection. ADA (adenosine deaminase) completes the process of differentiation of T cell and is essential for progression of T cell maturation. Therefore level of ADA is to correlated with magnitude of T cell immune response. The fact that expression of sIL-2R and ADA activity increases in peripheral blood T-lymphocytes of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis suggests that T cell activation might have a major role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis. In order to evaluate the T cell immune response in pulmonary tuberculosis, we measured the serum concentration of sIL-2R and ADA activity in 17 patients with current pulmonary tuberculosis, 10 chronic inactive pulmonary tuberculosis, 10 as normal controls. (1) Current pulmonary tuberculosis had significantly higher levels of sIL-2R (237.24±95.47)when compared with those of inactive tuberculosis (78.6±11.06). and the control (68.17±15.4) group. (2) ADA activity in current pulmonary tuberculosis was significantly increased (34.41±20.63) when compared with those of inactive tuberculosis (24.7±14.36) and control (17.65± 5.94) group. (3) There was good correlation between sIL-2R concentration and ADA activity in serum in current pulmonary tuberculosis group. (4) sIL-2R concentration and ADA activity was decreased significantly 6 months after anti-tuberculosis drug medication. In conclusion, sIL-2R concentration and ADA activity in serum in current pulmonary tuberculosis group was increased when compared with those of inactive pulmonary tuberculosis and the control group. By the way, T cell mediated immune response was enhanced in current pulmonary tuberculosis, but in inactive chronic pulmonary tuberculosis who had treated by antituberculosis drug medication, the concentration of sIL-2R and ADA activity was nearly normal.

고정식 교정 환자에서 전동치솔 효과에 관한 연구

박창헌,이기헌,황현식,홍석진 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2002 구강과학 Vol.14 No.4

Patients with fixed orthodontic appliances frequently have increased levels of plaque accumulation leading to the possibility of gingivitis or enamel decalcification. Although many methods may be helpful in reducing dental plaque formation, optimal mechanical removal of plaque is tile most important factor during orthodontic treatment. The porpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of'an electric toothbrush, with a specially designed orthodontic brush head. compared with a manual toothbrush in controlling plaque and gingivitis for patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Oral hygiene status was measured in thirty four patients, using a plaquc index, a gingival index and a bleeding index. before and four weeks after attachment of fixed orthodontic appliances. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, the electric and the manual toothbrush groups. Oral hygiene instruction was given according to the type of toothbrush used. The Braun Oral-B D9511 with Braun Oral-B Ortho OD 15-1 brush head was used as the electric toothbrush while the Butler G.U. M 124 was given as the manual toothbrush. After 4 weeks and 8 weeks, oral hygiene status was measured again. Through the comparison berween the electric and the manual toothbrush grpups. following results were obtained. 1. All oral hygiene indices showed increasing tendency after 4weeks of fixed orthodontic appliances. 2. All indices presented decreasing tendency four and eight weeks after oral hygiene instruction. 3. In case of gingival index and bleeding index. decreasing tendency did not show a statistically significant difference between the electric and the manual toothbrush groups. 4. The decreasing tendency of plaque index presented statistically significant difference between the two groups. showing that the electric toothbrush was more effective in terms of oral hygiene. These findings suggest that an electric toothbrush is useful to the orthodontic patients with fixed appliances.

WIPI 기반 모바일 3D 게임엔진의 설계와 구현

형대진,김승구,조현준,박경환 동아대학교 정보기술연구소 2006 情報技術硏究所論文誌 Vol.14 No.1

In this paper, we introduce the method for developing the mobile 3D game engine based on the WIPI platform which has been proposed as the mobile standard platform. Our game engine is designed so that it supports OpenGL-ES and JSR-184 that are mobile 3D graphic APIs. Our game engine has a mobile emulator operated on PC and SDK to support mobile programming in PC environments. Mobile 3D game developers can use the APIs at various levels. Also, the game engine is developed in modular in order to support various game genres.

메탈핼라이드 램프용 조도제어형 자기식 안정기의 최적 설계 방법

박종연,이현진 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2009 産業技術硏究 Vol.29 No.A

The inductor which is used at low frequency as the main part of magnetic ballast consists of an iron core, a bobbin and coil. The conventional inductor design method is not suitable for the magnetic ballast because it has various variables and is not a unique method for the magnetic ballast. Thus, this paper presents the optimal design method for a lamination type inductor using a magnetic ballast for Metal Halide Lamps. Also, the optimal inductor design method is researched for inductors of dimming ballasts and ignitors that have a gate-triggered structure using a SCR thyristor. By the simulation and experimental results, we showed that the proposed design methods is valid.

外貨換算會計에 관한 小考

朴泳炳,崔震賢 釜山水産大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the nature of the translation problem, to point out defects of the traditional translation theory, to point out a conceptual flaw in the logic of the restate/translate method and to suggest a remedy for it. In the nature of the translation, we discuss the definition of translation, objectives of translation and elements of the translation problem. Accounting translation is the mathematical process of transforming accounting measures scaled in foreign currency units of measure to accounting measure scaled in domestic currency units. The translation of the financial statements of each component entity of an enterprise should accomplish the following objectives : 1) To provide information that is generally compatible with the expected economic effects of a rate change on an enterprise's cash flows and equity 2) To present the consolidated financial statements of an enterprise in conformity with Korean generally accepted accounting principles. 3) To reflect in consolidated financial statements the financial results and relationships of the individual consolidated entities as measured in their foreign currencies. 4) To evaluate the performance of foreign subsidiaries and/or branches or their managers. Elements of the translation problem are homogeneity in the measurement units and neutrality. True accounting translation must achieve homogeneity in the units which are employed to measure the results of business operations and the resulting financial position. And it must possess neutrality and therefore be relevant to whatever ends are selected by the multinational enterprise. Traditional translation theory can be viewed as resting upon two fundamental premises. The basis premise is that the objective of conducting foreign operations is to generate cash flows to the domestic parent. This premise implies maximization of remittable domestic currency values as the goal of the firm and its decision makers. The second premise implies maximization of remittable domestic currency values as the goal of the firm and its decision makers. The second premise, logically derived from this presumed objective, is that translation should measure levels and changes in remittable domestic currency value. Our analysis implies rejection of the first premise of traditional translation theory. Consequently, the second premise as well as the whole direction shaken in traditional reasoning(toward measurement) is rejected. Thus, the first premise of traditional translation theory can be replaced by a more fundamental premise : the purpose of conducting foreign operations is to maximize command over goods and services, the general asset expressed by all monetary units. In turn, the second traditional premise can be replaced by the following : the objective of translation is to standardise accounting measures taken of the size of specific foreign and domestic assets in terms of the magnitude of general asset held. Because the rate of inflation has recently been high and continues to raise sharply, especially in foreign countries, it is difficult to evaluate the performance of foreign subsidiaries and/or branches or their managers without adjusting for the effect of inflation. Also, if the financial statements of a subsidiary have to be consolidated with those of the parent company, translation of the financial statement of the foreign entity is inevitable. The issue is whether foreign currency statements should first be restarted and then translated or whether they should first be translated and then restated. The two different methods may be stated as follows; 1) Restatement/Translation Method(Method 1) Restate the foreign currency statements for changes in the foreign general price level. Then translate the restated balances at the current exchange rate. For short, this method may be described as "First restate, then translate." 2) Translation/Restatement Method(Method 2) Translate the foreign currency statement at exchange rates appropriate under generally accepted accounting principles. Then restate for changes in the domestic general price level. For short, this method may be described as "First translate, then restate." Now, the two methods of general price-level accounting for foreign operations may be evaluated in the light of the nature and objectives of general price-level accounting, translation and combination or consolidation. Finally, we propose that establishes the relationship between nominal money, nominal foreign currency, constant money, and constant foreign currency unit. Once these relationships are established, they can be used to translate as well as restate a financial statement from one currency to another as well as from one unit of measurement to the other. The advantage of this model is that it can obtain the same result whether nominal foreign currency were restated first for foreign inflation and then translated to constant money, or whether nominal foreign currency were translated first to nominal money and then restated for domestic changes in general price level.

여가 지수 개발에 관한 기초 연구

박종진,김현기 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.6

The purpose of this thesis is to abstract the leisure index based on lesure statstics and develop the leisure index from them Previous studies show that leisure facilities with low price thought of as public property are to be expanded and that lesure information as well as adminstrative system line-up is to be strengthened in our country's lesure industry. Based on these studies, ths thesis proposes 9 components: lesure recognition, lesure education, lesure time, lesure programs, leisure facilities, lesure adminstrative systems, lesure activity participation, lesure satsfaction, lesure information as the lesure index, which suggests main items in each. In my leisure index model, the calculation to abstract the lesure index is done like this average of standards from every item x weight. The weight is developed based on the contribution, to which all the items are added.

고등학교 국어교육에서의 시문학교육의 개선 방안

박진태,김현수 大邱大學校 師範大學 附設 敎育硏究所 2010 學校敎育硏究 Vol.5 No.2

The integration between the classical literature education and the contemporary literature education, between the Korean language education and the literature education, and between the understanding education and the expressing education is necessary and compulsory for the histories of both the Korean language education and the literature education. Understanding this issue, this paper aimed to materialize the speaking and writing methods of the Korean poems including <Chengsanbaylgok>, <Ubusasisa>, <The Azaleas>, <A Glass Window>, <Wilderness>, to suggest ways to apply these methods to the expressing education. Also the paper designed plans to strengthen the ability to express the beauty of poetry through a critical writing and presentations. <Chengsanbaylgok> is a “travel writing” in that the speaker directly moves his or her space, and <Ubusasisa> is a “cinematic writing” in that the speaker's view is shifted by the poet. <The Azaleas> is a “performance writing” in that it includes ceremonial behaviors, and <A Glass Window> is a “healing writing” in that the speaker is self-healing as establishing his or her view on life and death. Finally, <Wilderness> is a “historical writing” in that it describes the pastpresent- future of a wilderness. 표현교육의 통합은 국어교육사적으로, 또 문학교육사적으로 필요성과 당위성을 지닌다. 이러한 문제의 식을 가지고 <청산별곡>, <어부사시사>, <진달래꽃>, <유리창>, <광야>의 말하기/글쓰기 방식을 유형화 하고, 이를 표현교육에 활용하는 방안을 제시하고, 아울러 비평문 쓰기와 발표활동을 통하여 시의 아름 다움을 표현하는 능력을 신장시키는 방안을 구안하였다. <청산별곡>은 시적 화자가 공간을 이동하는 점 에서 기행적 글쓰기이고, <어부사시사>는 화자의 시점을 이동시키는 점에서 영화적 글쓰기이고, <진달 래꽃>은 의례적 행동을 하는 점에서 공연적 글쓰기이고, <유리창>은 화자가 생사관을 정립하면서 자기 치유를 하는 점에서 치유적 글쓰기이고, <광야>는 광야의 과거-현재-미래를 서술하는 점에서 역사적 글쓰기이다.

‘스탠리 돈우드 앨범아트웍’전시 공간 디자인 프로세스에 관한 연구 - 라디오헤드 ‘A Moon Shaped Pool’ 앨범아트 작품을 중심으로 -

박수현,이진민,신은별 숙명여자대학교 디자인연구소 2018 숙명디자인학 연구 Vol.25 No.-

본 연구는 공간 디자인 스튜디오 II 수업에서 진행한 전시 공간 디자인 프로세스에 관한 연구로서, 디자인 요소와 원리를 바탕으로 조형(造形)의 평면(2D),입체(3D), 공간(4D)으로 나아가는 차원의 확장을 통한 전시공간 디자인 프로젝트이다. 본 연구는 크게 세가지로 나뉜다. 첫째, 스탠리 돈우드와 그의 작품세계를 분석하고 둘째, 그의 시각적 조형 언어를 재구성하여 평면작업으로서 그의 전시 포스터를 만든 후 이를 바탕으로 입체조형을 한다. 셋째, 스탠리 돈우드의 작품에서 추출한 색채 및 재질을 적용시키고 입체조형에 기-승-전-결의 이야기 구성과 기능을 적용해 전시 공간을 계획한다. 이를 평면, 조닝, 동선 등을 도면과 다이어그램으로 구체적으로 표현하고 이에 따른 결과물을 판넬과 모형으로 정리하였다. 끝으로 본 연구는 평면으로부터 공간까지의 조형적 탐구에 기초한 디자인 프로세스로 기능적 공간디자인에서 벗어나 형태적 조형미를 갖춘 공간 디자인 프로세스 개발에 있어 향후 기초자료로서 활용 가치가 있다.

고정식 교정 환자에서 전동치솔 효과에 관한 연구

박창헌,황현식,이기헌,홍석진 대한치과교정학회 2004 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.34 No.4

고정식 교정장치를 부착한 경우 장치주위의 치태 축적 가능성이 증가되고 이로 인해 치은염, 법랑질 탈회 등의 부작용이 초래 될 수 있는 바 치태 제거를 위한 효과적인 치솔질이 필요하다. 본 연구는 교정환자에서 일반적으로 사용되고 있는 치솔에 비하여 전동치솔이 구강위생에 도움이 되는지 알아보기 위하여 시행되었다. 고정식 장치에 의한 교정치료 예정인 환자 34명을 본 연구의 대상으로 하여 고정식 교정장치 부착 전에 치태지수, 치은염지수, 치은출혈지수를 측정하였다. 장치 부착 4주 후에 각 지수를 측정한 다음, 연구대상을 치솔의 종류에 따라 전동치솔군과 수동치솔군으로 임의 구분하여 수동치솔 또는 전동치솔을 사용하도록 구강위생교육을 각각 시행하였다. 이때 전동치솔의 경우 본체는 Braun Oral-B D9511을 브러쉬 헤드는 Braun Oral-B Ortho OD 15-1을 사용하게 하였으며, 수동치솔의 경우는 Butler G.U.M 124를 사용하게 하였다. 구강위생교육 4주 및 8주 후에 각 지수를 측정한 다음 시간 경과에 따른 전동치솔군과 수동치솔군의 구강위생 상태를 비교 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 고정식 교정장치 부착 4주 후 치태지수, 치은염지수, 치은출혈지수 모두 증가 양상을 나타내었다. 2. 구강위생교육 후 치태지수, 치은염지수, 치은출혈지수 모두 감소 양상을 나타내었다. 3. 치은염지수, 치은출혈지수의 경우 감소양상이 수동치솔과 전동치솔군 간의 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 4. 치태지수의 경우 수동치솔에 비해 전동치솔군에서 감소효과가 유의하게 크게 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과는 고정식 교정장치로 치료받는 환자에서 전동치솔이 구강위생에 도움이 됨을 시사하였다. Patients with fixed orthodontic appliances frequently have increased levels of plaque accumulation leading to the possibility of gingivitis or enamel decalcification. Although many methods may be helpful in reducing dental plaque formation, the optimal mechanical removal of plaque is the most important factor during orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an electric toothbrush (with a specially designed orthodontic brush head) compared to a manual toothbrush in controlling plaque and gingivitis for patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Oral hygiene status was measured in thirty-four patients using a plaque index, a gingival index and a bleeding index, before and four weeks after the attachment of fixed orthodontic appliances. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: electric and manual toothbrush groups. Oral hygiene instruction was given according to the type of toothbrush used. The Braun Oral-B D9511 with Braun Oral-B Ortho OD 15-1 brush head was used as the electric toothbrush while the Butler G.U.M. 124 was given as the manual toothbrush. After four and eight weeks, oral hygiene status was measured again. Through a comparison between the electric and the manual toothbrush groups, the following results were obtained. 1. All oral hygiene indices showed an increasing tendency after four weeks of fixed orthodontic appliance. 2. All indices presented a decreasing tendency four and eight weeks after oral hygiene instruction. 3. In case of the gingival index and bleeding index, the decreasing tendency did not show a statistically significant difference between the electric and the manual toothbrush groups. 4. The decreasing tendency of plaque index presented a statistically significant difference between the two groups, showing that the electric toothbrush was more effective in terms of oral hygiene. These findings suggest that an electric toothbrush is useful to orthodontic patients with fixed appliances.

발화기구의 정량적 해석을 위한 재현 실험 : 1차년도 전기화재 재현 Reconstruction for Electrical Fire

박남규,김상현,김진표,김윤희,문병선,조영진 內務部 國立科學搜査硏究所 2001 國立 科學 搜査 硏究所 年報 Vol.33 No.-