Long second toe: its nail and skin changes

( Geun-hwi Park ),( Woo-il Kim ),( Min-young Yang ),( Won-ku Lee ),( Tae-wook Kim ),( Sung-min Park ),( Hyun-joo Lee ),( Gun-wook Kim ),( Hoon-soo Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ),( Byung-soo Kim ),( Moon-bum 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.2

Background: Nail can be affected by trauma, infection, and systematic disorders. In particular, the toe nails are exposed to the repeated and cumulative minor traumas, which usually result in thickened, splitted, and discolorated nails. Considering these, it can be inferred that the long second toe can be related to various nail and skin changes by repeated minor traumas such as friction in shoes, but the study or report on this topic hasn’t been done yet. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to introduce various nail and skin changes on long second toe. Methods: We analyzed the kinds of nail/skin changes of 50 patients with long second toe, enrolled at Pusan National University Hospitals (Busan and Yangsan) from 2013 to 2018. Results: There was no significant difference in the incidence of left and right toe and toenail, and 7 (14%) patients presented bilateral distribution. The most common nail change on long second toe was melanonychia (23, 46%), followed by subungual hematoma (15, 30%), onycholysis (2, 4%), subungual hyperkeratosis (2, 4%), onychomadesis (1, 2%), and retronychia (1, 2%). The most common skin change was corn (9, 18%), followed by paronychia (2, 4%). Twenty (20/50, 40%) patients also had other toe or toenail changes. Among them, the most common site was big toe/nail (13, 62%), and the most common change was subungual hematoma (8, 42%). Conclusion: Through this study, the dermatologists can recognize and diagnose the nail and skin changes of long second toe.

Association of Change in Smoking Status and Subsequent Weight Change with Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Jeong Seogsong,Oh Yun Hwan,Choi Seulggie,Chang Jooyoung,Kim Sung Min,Park Sun Jae,Cho Yoosun,Son Joung Sik,Lee Gyeongsil,Park Sang Min 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2023 Gut and Liver Vol.17 No.1

Background/Aims: Smoking is considered a risk factor for the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the association of a weight change after a change in smoking status and the risk of NAFLD remains undetermined. Methods: This study used the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. Based on the first (2009 to 2010) and second (2011 to 2012) health examination periods, 139,180 adults aged at least 40 years were divided into nonsmoking, smoking cessation, smoking relapse, and sustained smoking groups. NAFLD was operationally defined using the fatty liver index. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression. Results: Compared to nonsmoking with no body mass index (BMI) change, the risk of NAFLD was significantly increased among subjects with BMI gain and nonsmoking (aOR, 4.07; 95% CI, 3.77 to 4.39), smoking cessation (aOR, 5.52; 95% CI, 4.12 to 7.40), smoking relapse (aOR, 7.51; 95% CI, 4.81 to 11.72), and sustained smoking (aOR, 6.65; 95% CI, 5.33 to 8.29), whereas the risk of NAFLD was reduced among participants with BMI loss in all smoking status groups. In addition, smoking cessation (aOR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.35 to 2.29) and sustained smoking (aOR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.39 to 1.94) were associated with higher risk of NAFLD among participants with no BMI change. The liver enzyme levels were higher among participants with smoking cessation and BMI gain. Conclusions: Monitoring and management of weight change after a change in smoking status may be a promising approach to reducing NAFLD.

자연친화적인 공원시설 설치를 위한 정책방향 - 국립공원 공원시설의 자연친화성 평가를 근거로 -

박창석,배민기,김태진,Park, Chang-Sug,Bae, Min-Ki,Kim, Tae-Jin 한국조경학회 2009 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.37 No.5

본 연구의 목적은 국립공원 내에 자연친화적인 공원시설의 설계와 설치를 위한 정책방향을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해서 국내 외 친환경건물 인증제도와 관련 연구에 대한 고찰을 통해 입지, 설계와 설치, 운영과 관리부분별로 자연친화성 평가지표를 개발하였다. 본 연구에서는 19개 국립공원의 26개 공원사무소에서 실제 시설을 관리하고 있는 공원관리자 79명을 대상으로 한 설문조사를 통해 자연친화성 평가를 위한 자료를 수집하였다. 분석방법은 기술분석, 집단간 평균의 차이분석, 다차원척도법, 요인분석을 활용하였다. 분석결과, 1) 자연친화성 평가지표들 간의 상대적 중요도를 산정한 결과, 시설의 입지 관련지표의 중요도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 2) 공원시설의 자연친화성 수준에 대한 평가 결과, 입지 관련 지표들의 자연친화성 수준이 가장 높게 나타난 반면, 시설의 설계 및 설치 관련 지표들의 수준이 낮게 평가되었다. 특히, 에너지 효율화와 관련된 지표들의 평가값이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 3) 시설별로 보면, 대피소의 자연친화성이 가장 높게 나타난 반면, 휴게소의 자연친화성이 가장 떨어지는 것으로 평가되었다. 4) 전반적으로 볼 때, 설악산, 오대산, 태안해안국립공원의 공원시설에 대한 자연친화성 수준이 높게 나타난 반면, 경주와 속리산 국립공원의 자연친화성 수준은 떨어지는 것으로 평가되었다. 본 연구 결과는 자원절약 및 자연생태계와 공원자원을 보존하고 탐방객의 편리한 이용을 위한 자연친화적인 공원시설 설치를 위한 권고기준을 마련하는데 활용될 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this research was to propose policy directions for the design and construction of nature-friendly park facilities (PF) in national parks. In order to do that, nature-friendliness evaluation indicators(NEIs) used in green building rating systems and related articles were reviewed. After the initial literature review was complete, NEIs for park facilities based on location, design, construction, operation, and management sectors were developed. Data was obtained through a questionnaire completed by 79 managers at 19 national parks in Korea in 2008. The answers were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, a t-test, a multi-dimensional analysis, and a factor analysis. This research found that: 1) The results indicated that based on relative weight calculation, the location condition was evaluated as the most important; 2) The evaluation results regarding the degree of nature-friendliness of park facilities showed that location condition was ranked higher than design and construction--in addition, the evaluated values of indicators related to energy efficiency were ranked the lowest; 3) the level of nature-friendliness of shelter was given the highest level, but resting facility was the lowest level; 4) Overall, park facilities at Mt. Seorak, Mt. Odae, and Taean Coast national parks showed high levels of nature-friendliness. But park facilities at Mt. Gyeongju and Mt. Songni national parks showed low levels of nature-friendliness. The results of this research shall contribute to the establishment of tailor-made management policies, the development of detailed guidelines for increased energy efficiency and visitor satisfaction, and the preservation of ecosystems and natural resources in Korea's national parks.

모악산도립공원 이용개발 및 보전관리 개선을 위한 기초 연구

金世泉,李昌憲,朴鍾旻,朴烽柱 全北大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.40 No.-

The purpose of this study is to analyze the conservation management and using development of the Moak-san provincial park with special regards to natural and cultural environment. Recently, with the rapid increase of use about national and provincial parks as a area of outdoor recreation, our natural park faces a serious environmental problems. So the quality of outdoor recreation has been decreased. Therefore, The conservation methods of natural park and resourse are very important for the maintenance of natural and cultural environment. Kumoh-san was appointed at first as a provincial park in 1970. And 20 provincial parks are present now in Korea. Moak-san provincial park extends over 2 Shis and 1 Gun including Kimjea-Shi(28.22㎢), Wanju-Gun(10.69㎢) and Chonju-Shi(3.31㎢). It's location is at 127˚ 02' E and 35˚42' N. In its climate, the annual mean precipitation is 1134.3mm, and temperature is 12.0∼12.5℃. In this park area, mostly Buddhist cultral asserts are collectively preserved, such as the Kumsansa, Kuksinsa. Soowangsa and Daewonsa. Vegetation of Moak-san was investigated 440 species. The Fegaceae is main species. As remarkable thing of park use, the trail which make an effect on the park resource conservation and effect promotion of park use established but if asked thorohgh management, because of intense gully erosion phenomenon. Recently, in the direction of Kumsansa and Kui project is developing or planning, but in the direction of Chunginri project is not established yet, so we request the valance Moak-san total development pslan. In the development plan, rational harmony of development and conservation was pointed out the essense factor.

Causes and Predictive Factors Associated with "Diagnosis Changed" Outcomes in Patients Notified as Tuberculosis Cases in a Private Tertiary Hospital

Kang, Byung Ju,Jo, Kyung-Wook,Park, Tai Sun,Yoo, Jung-Wan,Lee, Sei Won,Choi, Chang-Min,Oh, Yeon-Mok,Lee, Sang-Do,Kim, Woo Sung,Kim, Dong Soon,Shim, Tae Sun The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2013 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.75 No.6

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the "diagnosis changed" rate in patients notified as tuberculosis (TB) on the Korean TB surveillance system (KTBS). Methods: A total of 1,273 patients notified as TB cases on the KTBS in one private tertiary hospital in 2011 were enrolled in the present study. Patients were classified into three groups: "diagnosis maintained", "diagnosis changed" (initially notified as TB, but ultimately diagnosed as non-TB), and "administrative error" (notified as TB due to administrative errors). Results: Excluding 17 patients in the "administrative error" group, the "diagnosis maintained" and "diagnosis changed" groups included 1,097 (87.3%) and 159 patients (12.7%), respectively. Common causes of "diagnosis changed" were nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease (51.7%, 61/118), and pneumonia (17.8%) in cases notified as pulmonary TB, and meningitis (19.5%, 8/41) and Crohn's disease (12.2%) in cases notified as extrapulmonary TB. Being older than 35 years of age (odds ratio [OR], 2.18) and a positive acid-fast bacilli stain (OR, 1.58) were positive predictors and a TB-related radiological finding (OR, 0.42) was a negative predictor for a "diagnosis changed" result via multivariate logistic regression analysis in pulmonary TB cases. Conclusion: Because of a high "diagnosis changed" rate in TB notifications to the KTBS, the TB incidence rate measured by the KTBS may be overestimated. Considering the worldwide trend toward increased NTM disease, the "diagnosis changed" rate may increase over time. Thus, when reporting the annual TB notification rate in Korea, the exclusion of "diagnosis changed" cases is desirable.

Causes and Predictive Factors Associated with “Diagnosis Changed” Outcomes in Patients Notified as Tuberculosis Cases in a Private Tertiary Hospital

( Byung Ju Kang ),( Kyung Wook Jo ),( Tai Sun Park ),( Jung Wan Yoo ),( Sei Won Lee ),( Chang Min Choi ),( Yeon Mok Oh ),( Sang Do Lee ),( Woo Sung Kim ),( Dong Soon Kim ),( Tae Sun Shim ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2013 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.75 No.6

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the “diagnosis changed” rate in patients notified as tuberculosis (TB) on the Korean TB surveillance system (KTBS). Methods: A total of 1,273 patients notified as TB cases on the KTBS in one private tertiary hospital in 2011 were enrolled in the present study. Patients were classified into three groups: “diagnosis maintained”, “diagnosis changed” (initially notified as TB, but ultimately diagnosed as non-TB), and “administrative error” (notified as TB due to administrative errors). Results: Excluding 17 patients in the “administrative error” group, the “diagnosis maintained” and “diagnosis changed” groups included 1,097 (87.3%) and 159 patients (12.7%), respectively. Common causes of “diagnosis changed” were nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease (51.7%, 61/118), and pneumonia (17.8%) in cases notified as pulmonary TB, and meningitis (19.5%, 8/41) and Crohn`s disease (12.2%) in cases notified as extrapulmonary TB. Being older than 35 years of age (odds ratio [OR], 2.18) and a positive acid-fast bacilli stain (OR, 1.58) were positive predictors and a TB-related radiological finding (OR, 0.42) was a negative predictor for a “diagnosis changed” result via multivariate logistic regression analysis in pulmonary TB cases. Conclusion: Because of a high “diagnosis changed” rate in TB notifications to the KTBS, the TB incidence rate measured by the KTBS may be overestimated. Considering the worldwide trend toward increased NTM disease, the “diagnosis changed” rate may increase over time. Thus, when reporting the annual TB notification rate in Korea, the exclusion of “diagnosis changed” cases is desirable.

한국 국립공원 산림생태계의 수목 탄소저장량 평가

이상진,박홍철,박관수,김현숙,이창민,김진원,심규원,최승운,Lee, Sang-Jin,Park, Hong-Chul,Park, Gwan-Soo,Kim, Hyoun-Sook,Lee, Chang-Min,Kim, Jin-Won,Sim, Gyu-Won,Choi, Seung-Woon 한국환경복원기술학회 2022 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.25 No.3

The purpose of this study is to quantitatively evaluate the amount of carbon storage for trees in forest ecosystem to support the foundation for carbon neutrality implementation in Korea National Park. It targeted 22 national parks designated and managed as national parks in Korea, and conducted research on forest trees in the terrestrial ecosystem among various natural and ecological carbon sink. The survey and analysis method followed the IPCC guidelines and the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory in Korea. The amount of tree carbon storage in the forest ecosystem of Korea National Park was confirmed to be about 218,505 thousand CO₂-ton and the amount of carbon storage per unit area was 570.8 CO₂-ton per hectare. Compared to 299.7 CO₂-ton per hectare, the average carbon storage per unit area of the entire Korean forest, it was found that about twice as much carbon was stored when assuming the same area. In other words, it means that the tree carbon storage function of the national park is about twice as high as that of the average tree carbon storage function of entire Korean forest. It has great implications in Korea National Park not only provides biodiversity promotion and exploration services as a national protected area, but also performs excellent functions as a carbon sink.

젊은층의 성인남자에서 비만 및 체지방의 분포가 인슐린 대사율 및 인슐린 감수성에 미치는 효과

박경수,이병두,박용수,홍성관,장학철,박도준,박중열,이홍규,고창순,민헌기 대한의학협회 1990 대한의학협회지 Vol.33 No.7

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

OVA로 유도된 생쥐 모델에서 EGCG의 천식 예방 효과

박성남,이찬우,이창민,정만홍,황순철,박영민 고신대학교의과대학 2007 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.22 No.2

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major form of tea epicatechin, has a variety of biological activities. It has recently been studied intensively as an antiallergic and anti-inflammatory agent. Thus we elucidated the anti-allergic effect of EGCG in the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model mice by examining the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. Also airway reactivity to methacholine challenge and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in BAL fluid. mesured by the expression of iNOS mRNA in lung tissue and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in BAL fluids. The OVA challenged mice showed allergic airway reactions, such as inflammatory chemokine (CCL5,CXCL10) in the airway and lung tissues. However mice administrated with EGCG had significantly reduced CCL5 and MMP-9 expression in lung tissues as well as TNF-α and IL-5 production in BAL fluid. these results suggest that EGCG regulate