도시공원녹지의 구성과 배치 특성에 따른 이용만족도에 관한 연구 - 일본 타마뉴타운의 사례중심으로 -

염성진,박청인,Yeom, Sung-Jin,Park, Chung-In 한국조경학회 2011 한국조경학회지 Vol.39 No.5

Parks and green spaces have various functions for improving urban physical and social environments. Urban parks and green space planning have been applied in this study for the purpose of enhancing the urban environment. The most popular method for urban parks and green space planning is incrementing the quantity of parks and green spaces. However, it may not be possible to designate new parks and green spaces in a large city because of the difficulty of obtaining land. This study explores how urban parks and green space planning produces better quality urban environments without having to designate new parks and green spaces. The study evaluates existing parks and green spaces according to the satisfaction of the users. This evaluation could be a useful tool for those planning urban parks and green space systems. The study was performed in Tama Newtown, Japan, within two districts with two distinct characteristics of park systems: concentration and equality arrangement forms. For comparison, on-site questionnaires were used, with 319 residents in the area responding to the study. The data was collected and analyzed, using t-test, factor analysis, and multiple regression methods. The study found there was no difference in satisfaction factors be tween the two districts. However, differences were found within each of the districts, depending on parks and green space components. For example, the quality of green space was the most important factor for the district with a planned concentration arrangement form of parks and green spaces, but, separation of the pedestrian and vehicular systems was the most important factor in the district with a planned equality arrangement form of park system. Factors affecting the satisfaction of parks and green spaces that were common between the two sites were: accessibility, quality of park, quality of green space, and separation of pedestrian and vehicular traffics.

Characteristics of Occupational Accidents by Type of Parking Lot

Myoung Hwan Park,Byung Yong Jeong,Cha-O-Rum Park 대한인간공학회 2015 대한인간공학회지 Vol.34 No.5

Objective: This study aims to analyze occupational accidents of parking lot attendants by parking lot type. Background: Recently, efforts are made to analyze accident characteristics by occupation type targeting the workers engaged in the same work. Method: This study analyzes 303 occupational accidents of parking lot attendants occurring from 2010 to 2012. Parking lots are grouped into two groups according to the work environment. One is public/ground type which comprises road side or open area parking lots and the other is building/mechanical type which comprises a multi-story parking building with connecting ramps and/or mechanical parking system. The characteristics of occupational accidents by parking lot type are analyzed. Results: Accident characteristics showed the difference between public/ground type and building/mechanical type on the size of enterprise, age, gender and work experience of the injured. Also the accident type, source of accident and parts of body affected are different between the two parking lot types. Conclusion and Application: The findings of accident characteristics according to parking lot types can be used as baseline data for establishing systemized preventative policies for occupational accidents of parking lot attendants.

A Fixed Point for Pair of Maps in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Mtric Space

Jong Seo Park,Seon Yu Kim 한국지능시스템학회 2007 International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intellige Vol.7 No.3

Park, Park and Kwun[6] is defined the intuitionistic fuzzy metric space in which it is a little revised from Park[5]. According to this paper, Park, Kwun and Park[11] Park and Kwun[10], Park, Park and Kwun[7] are established some fixed point theorems in the intuitionistic fuzzy metric space. Furthermore, Park, Park and Kwun[6] obtained common fixed point theorem in the intuitionistic fuzzy metric space, and also, Park, Park and Kwun[8] proved common fixed points of maps on intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces. We prove a fixed point for pair of maps with another method from Park, Park and Kwun[7] in intuitionistic fuzzy metric space defined by Park, Park and Kwun[6]. Our research are an extension of Vijayaraju and Marudai’s result[14] and generalization of Park, Park and Kwun[7], Park and Kwun[10].

도시공원의 이용후 평가에 기초한 공원의 개발지표 설정 : 부산광역시 암남공원을 사례로 Case Study of Amnam Park in Busan City

박승범,김승환,남정칠,강영조,이기철,김석규 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1999 硏究報告 Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the prime factors that affect to user postoccupancy evaluation of activities and facilities in urban parks, to classify those factors, to find out factors about them, and then to suggest important indicators in the urban park planning, design, and development. The survey research was done using the self-administered questionnaire method by 435 peoples in the Busan City who participated in recreational activities in the Amnam Park. The Analysis of the data primarily consists of two phase: The first analysis was dealt an exploratory factor analysis which identified major factors involved in user postoccupancy evaluation with reacreational activities and facilities in Amnam Park by the SPSS(Ver.6.0) program and the second analysis was used to investigate the factors affected to user postoccupancy evaluation in the urban park by the Regression Analysis. According to the factor analysis, user postoccupancy evaluation of facilities in urban parks concerning the 20 variables, 5 prime factors by the staistical values were considered. The factor analysis showed that user postoccupancy evaluation of activities in urban parks concerning the 11 variables, 3 prime factors by the staistical values were analysed. Postoccupancy evaluation in the urban park by the Regression Analysis suggested that the two varlables as 'the directions of park development' and 'companies with the personal specific characteristics' are significant in addition to the some variables presented in user postoccupancy evaluation with reacreational activities and facilities in Amnam Park by the factor analysis. Furthomore the analysis models were identified as having significant effects on the factor and regression analysis. Overall fits of both models were very good. These significant relationships indicate important factors and variables that should be considered in planning, design, and development of the urban parks. Therefore, development direction of the h a m park has to be analyzed as significant factors concerning user postoccupancy evaluation in a systematic way, recognized as important variables for planning process. The urban park has to be fully designed and established in the planning process not by the decision-maker's subjective evaluation but by user postoccupancy evaluation.

차종을 고려한 주차 계획단위 산정 및 주차계획 방법 제시

권성대(Kwon Sung-Dae),박제진(Park Je-Jin),김중효(Kim Joong-Hyo),하태준(Ha Tae-Jun) 대한토목학회 2011 대한토목학회논문집 D Vol.31 No.6D

현재 주차장 내 주차단위구획과 차로너비 규정의 경우 주차장법 시행규칙의'주차장 구조 및 설치기준'에 의거하여 계획설치되고 있다. 그러나 최근 RV차량 및 대형승용차가 급속히 증가하는 추세에서 기존의 주차단위구획의 설치기준으로는 주차 시 발생하는 차량훼손 민원 주차장 이용자의 통행불편 주차장 유지·관리 등의 문제를 해소하기 힘든 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 현실에 적합한 주차단위구획과 차로너비 규정의 재정비가 필요하다는 판단 하에 최근 증가하는 국내·외 RV차량 및 대형승용차의 차량제원 최소 회전반경 주차시 운전자 주행행태 등을 고려하여 주차단위구획 및 차로너비를 산정하였다. 산정된 주차단위구획 및 차로너비를 국외 사례와 비교·분석한 후 기존보다 확대된 주차단위구획 및 차로너비를 이용하여 주차시 운전자의 편의성 및 비용적 측면을 고려한 최적의 개선방안을 제시하였다. 또한 교통안전을 고려한 주차단위구획과 차로너비의 개선방안 그리고 차종별 주차계획 방법을 제시하였다. 주차장 내 원활한 차량소통과 안전을 도모한 주차계획단위 산정 및 주차계획 방법을 제시함으로써 향후 주차장의 구조 설치기준의 정립과 주차장 교통안전 개선에 이바지할 것으로 판단된다. At the present planning and installation of parking space sections and lane width are implemented in accordance with the installation standard and parking lot structure by the enforcement regulations of the Parking Act. While large and RV (Recreational Vehicle) vehicles have increased in number recently parking is complex with improper installation standards. It causes serious problems including vehicle vandalism increased civil complaints travel inconveniences for parking lot users management and maintenance issues for parking lots and so forth. The study therefore determined that the practical and appropriate realignment of parking unit adjustment and lane width regulations are essential. The study conducted prior review on domestic parking sections and change cases of composition by vehicle types including the component ratio of domestic and foreign vehicles width of vehicle by types in order to examine the parking problems that account for a increasing social issues and provided parking plan methods by types of vehicle as well as reform and reaction plans for parking unit adjustment and lane width considering security and smooth traffic flow After comparing and analyzing between estimated installation of parking space and lane width and internal and external cases the study suggests the improvement that considers expenses and convenience of a driver. Also it shows installation of parking space that considers traffic safety improvement of lane width and parking way depends on vehicle types. By providing estimation for parking planning and parking planning methods that secure safe and smooth traffic flow within a parking lot the study will contribute to the development of improved alternatives for cost-effective traffic safety and set-up structure including installation standards of parking lots.

상용차 기반에 대한 주차보조시스템 사용자 감성 평가

전재석(Jaeseok Jeon),박현배(Hyunbae Park),문희석(Heeseok Moon),곽수진(Sujin Kwag) 한국자동차공학회 2013 한국자동차공학회 춘계학술대회 Vol.2013 No.5

In this paper, we described about evaluation of human sensibility using park assist system of the commercial vehicle. The perpendicular parking and parallel parking have been carried out as a user test and subjects are classified as beginning drivers, drivers with less than 1 year experience and over 3 years experience. As a result, parking duration of beginning drivers and drivers with less than 1 year experience who use automatic parking assistance system is similar to drivers with over 3 years experience. However error occurred according to sensor position and distance between vehicle and parking space. And also it occurred that the vehicle leaves from parking line or does not recognize the parking space. Therefore, if we improve its completeness by compensating problems that came up from this evaluation and distribute the automatic parking assistance system, it is expected that the park assistance system is to help driver providing convenience of parking.

저전력 주차 안내 시스템 설계

박주용(Ju-Yong Park),임형규(Hyeong-giu Lim) 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회 2011 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지 Vol.5 No.1

The parking guidance system can increase driver’s convenience with detailed parking information service in the parking lot. At the same time, parking guidance system consumes non-negligible electrical energy with large amount of sensors, displays and control modules. With the increase in the demand for green and sustainable building design all over the world, it becomes a meaningful issue for parking guidance system to reduce operating power. This paper presents the preliminary design and estimated results of a parking guidance system which is optimized to reduce the power consumption mainly on detectors and displays. The system design is based on pre-developed wireless parking detectors, Park Tile and Park Disk. The system has a number of parking space detectors, vehicle count detectors, information displays, guidance terminals and other control units. We have performed system architecture design, communication network design, parking information service scenario planning, battery life regulation and at last operating power estimation. The estimated operating power was 0.4 watt per parking-slot, which is 17% of traditional systems. The estimated annual maintain cost was 43% of traditional systems.

장애인전용주차구역 운영의 개선방안

박창석 ( Chang-seok Park ) 한국법정책학회 2024 법과 정책연구 Vol.24 No.4

Parking zones exclusively for the disabled are installed for the guarantee of the right to move and convenience of the disabled. This is to realize Article 2 of the Act on the Guarantee of the Promotion of Convenience for Persons with Disabilities, Senior Citizens, Pregnant Women, etc. The term disabled persons, etc. means persons who feel uncomfortable in moving, using facilities, accessing information, etc. in their lives, such as persons with disabilities, the elderly, and pregnant women, and the right to access is stipulated as In order to be guaranteed the right to pursue dignity, values, and happiness as a human being, persons with disabilities, etc. shall have the right to use the facilities and facilities used by persons with disabilities, etc. equally and to freely access information. In this way, guaranteeing access to persons with disabilities by designating a parking zone exclusively for persons with disabilities is indispensable for the realization of welfare ideology for persons with disabilities such as social integration, and realizing such ideology of welfare for persons with disabilities ultimately improves their quality of life. Parking areas exclusively for persons with disabilities are established under Article 17 of the Act on the Guarantee of Convenience Promotion of Persons with Disabilities, the Elderly, and Pregnant Women (hereinafter referred to as the Convenience Promotion Act), and are installed for the convenience of movement of persons with disabilities who fall under the Standard Table for Walking Disabilities under the Disability Classification Criteria (Notified by the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Family No. 2009-227). Originally, parking zones for disabled people were created for disabled people who are uncomfortable or difficult to move around. The important point is that a car can be parked only if a person with a walking disability is on board. However, in reality, cars with disabled parking stickers but not disabled people often park in disabled parking zones. To solve this problem, we can consider ① effective ways to crack down on parking areas for the disabled ② installing CCTVs on signs for parking for the disabled, automatically taking pictures of vehicles illegally parked in parking areas for the disabled and reporting them to local governments, ③ granting towed vehicles the right to crack down on parking areas for the disabled, and ④ installing a fingerprint recognizer on signs for the disabled to recognize their fingerprints after getting off. In this paper, we will examine how the system should be operated and improved in order to achieve the original purpose of the existence of a parking zone for the disabled based on the experiences and feelings from the perspective of self-driving disabled drivers. This is expected to be an important reference in establishing and implementing policies for the disabled in the future.

A Fixed Point for Pair of Maps in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Mtric Space

Park, Jong-Seo,Kim, Seon-Yu Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems 2007 International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intellige Vol.7 No.3

Park, Park and Kwun[6] is defined the intuitionistic fuzzy metric space in which it is a little revised from Park[5]. According to this paper, Park, Kwun and Park[11] Park and Kwun[10], Park, Park and Kwun[7] are established some fixed point theorems in the intuitionistic fuzzy metric space. Furthermore, Park, Park and Kwun[6] obtained common fixed point theorem in the intuitionistic fuzzy metric space, and also, Park, Park and Kwun[8] proved common fixed points of maps on intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces. We prove a fixed point for pair of maps with another method from Park, Park and Kwun[7] in intuitionistic fuzzy metric space defined by Park, Park and Kwun[6]. Our research are an extension of Vijayaraju and Marudai's result[14] and generalization of Park, Park and Kwun[7], Park and Kwun[10].

서구 공원 녹지 배치 계획 이론의 초기 발전 과정과 특성

박구원 ( Koo Won Park ) 한국녹지환경디자인학회 2006 녹지환경학회지 Vol.2 No.2

In America and Europe from the latter part of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, the planning ideologies of park system and greenbelts were made and these planning ideologies are called Green Network System. They are different in terms of the purpose, type and method, but they have common characteristics of encouraging order and amenity in cities based on the consecutive connection of green space, and of coping with the problems happening in cities. Just as the park system was made, centering around new America and greenbelts were developed to meet with the problems happening in large cities, the structural arrangement and the roles of greens should be different. However, this connection system of greens was oriented in the circumstances of America and Europe at that time so it has not been confirmed what sizes of cities it would be useful for. On the other hand, separately from the Green Network System, the theory of park arrangement is being developed. It intends to cope with deterioration of the living environment caused by overcrowded cities and with increase in the demands of public parks. It is based on the neighborhood unit and the science of human settlement. In addition, the theory of park arrangement is based on the effects of greens in use, rather than, in decoration so it encourages dispersion and hierarchical system of parks, having the human settlement as base. Consequently, the theory of park arrangement is influenced by the characteristics and the type of households, and it has a required area and planning unit. However, this theory has the right for walking and human scale as the basic unit so for the large parks that are beyond the human scale, the planning criteria are not clear. The theory of park arrangement, which is based on the neighborhood unit, may be useful for the cities with tens of thousands of residents, but it is partially applied for the cities with 500,000~1,000,000 residents. And further, in organizing the green system for the whole city, the theory of park arrangement can be ignored. As seen in the above, the existing arrangement theory has some problems: it is just for partial application; and it is not suitable for the size and the growing speed of cities. The greens in cities should be operated as the comprehensive system, but greenbelts and park arrangement have been studied separately so far. That`s why it is necessary to review again the existing arrangement theory.