도농공원 개발행위 특례사업 설계방안 : 남양주시를 중심으로

박핼리 전북대학교 일반대학원 2018 국내석사

In spite of the fact that 7 years has passed since an exceptional clause was reflected in law of urban park and green belt, a place where private park is promoted is very few and there is no created park at present. Donong park in Namyangju city has been also left unattended under uncreated condition until now and restriction on exercising property right of landowners and public complaint occurrence have been increased. A design plan for creating viable park construction based on exceptional clause was suggested after surveying, analyzing land features and condition focusing on Namyangju city Donong park and major research result is as follows. First, target land of this study is important space as green belt hub that may be linked with urban green belt as waterfront park including Donong sport park is located at waterside of Wangsookcheon in Dasan new town around target land. As large scaled development projects such as Donong rearrangement facilitation zone and Dasan new town are under promotion, if creation of Donong park should be completed, user would be increased and so, park design plan in terms of land use and green belt network utilization is required in reality. Second, 17 parks among total 19 neighborhood parks of Namyangjoo city were created and used by people but only Donong Maseok park as target land is unattended without being constructed. As Donong park is left unattended up to the present since it was designated as urban plan facility on June 30, 1995 for the first time and if this project should not be implemented by 2020, its plan would be cancelled. Therefore, comfortable urban park is urgently required to be created by establishing design plan for long-term unexecuted urban park. Third, strong point of Donong park is that it is furnished with favorable access system and its functional linkage could be strengthened as public facility was created nearby by development of Dasan new town but its weak point is that facility introduction in the park is restricted by elevation and slope of forest type park. In addition, its opportunity is that it is located at boundary between existing town and new town and exceptional clause system for private park creation is under operation. And its threat element is that large scaled finance is inevitable for park creation as 90% of target project land is private land and natural environment was damaged by farming. Fourth, in order to maintain design objectivity, environmental factor was deduced through target land analysis including data analysis and site survey and design plan was mapped out by establishing development direction through storytelling. Forest type Donong park of Namyangju city that is near to the city and where agriculture is developed was selected as basic direction in order to design it as nature friendly park where city and rural village coexist and a space of communication and harmony was presented by securing insufficient park facility and comfortable resting space for the citizens. Fifth, after setting basic direction of Donong park, park design was materialized into traffic line plan, planting plan, pavement and facility construction. In traffic line plan, traffic line was arranged to be fit for each function by dividing it into main traffic line, entry and auxiliary traffic line and planting plan was mapped out so that landscape level would be upgraded by reflecting city tree, flower of Namyangju city, special regional tree. In addition, pavement plan was established considering aesthetic landscape and economic efficiency by using permeable paving material and eco-friendly material and CPTED plan for preventing crime was adopted as basic direction of facility plan. Developmental plan of Donong park was provided by establishing master plan based on these plans. Significance of this study is that it was prepared by selecting Donong park as target land in order to solve the problem of long-term unexecuted urban plan facility by reviewing park value and seeking for park creation direction. As this study is particularly limited to a specific region, subjective concept was strongly reflected and so, objective design concept is required to be established in the future through comparison with long-term unexecuted urban park of other regions.

공동주택 지하주차장 평면형태 및 환기구의 배치에 따른 공기유동에 관한 연구

박성원 부산대학교 2010 국내석사

The study on the airflow based on the array of ventilator and plan of the underground parking lot in apartment As demands of the residents have been variously changing according to the construction of the apartment house and the fast economic growth, the construction companies spurs the development of the apartment house flavored with environmental friendly factors. Also because of the multiple apartment project, the basement car park alone can not handle the rapid growth of the vehicles and the resident puts more and more emphasis on securing car park space for the freedom from the vehicles on the ground and for the safety of their children. Recently, as the interest about natural energy, the tendency minimizing the mechanical energy also appears. According to this trend, there has been growing attempts in order to apply the environmental friendly technologies to the apartment house. But the reality is that the systems doesn't virtually function well because the existing mechanical systems are applied. Consequently, the deterioration of the air and the brightness in the basement car park exacerbates the environments of the basement car park. And the study on the feasibility of the natural ventilation according to the unit-plan type of the basement car park and the performance of the skylight, is still insignificant. Thus, in this study, we intend to simulate, through the CFD, the air current by natural driving power by classifying the existing basement car parks into the unit-plan type and the direction of the vehicle traffic. Through classifying the existing basement car parks by the type of vehicle traffic that is the type of arrangement such as one-way or bidirectional traffic and deploying the ventilating openings by 3 types which enables the skylights, linked the ground for the purpose of collecting the light, play the role of ventilation at the same time, we forecast the air current of the basement car park by using CFD(Computational Fluids Dynamics) and, based on that, suggest the plan to improve the ventilating function of the basement car park by utilizing the natural ventilation. In this study, we research the general theories, that is 'the ventilation theory of underground space and the test method of ventilating performance' and interpret, through CFD, the air current of the target models according to the layout of the ventilation openings based on mean of air age and air exchange effectiveness by using computer simulation. As a result, we draw the conclusion as follows: (1) In respect of the air age according to the type of the vehicle traffic such as one way traffic and bidirectional traffic, the bidirectional traffic shows 30,405 seconds while 14,070 seconds in one way traffic indicating that the one way traffic abates by more than 50%. Therefore, the air of the basement car park with one way traffic has superior air quality because of its' shorter air age. (2) In case of the existing basement car parks, Case A' air exchange rate is 4.44 while 7.76 times/h in Case B and 1.94 times/h in Case C. It appears comparatively small in Case C. We can draw the conclusion, through this finding, that the placement of several natural ventilators in the middle and on the edge is more effective than the placement of the natural ventilator with big area in the middle when placing natural ventilator. (3) In case of Case B where the installation is in the middle and on the edge of the basement car park, it appears excellent in both the air exchange and the air age, but the effective area of the space on the ground abates. There requires a plan for the placement accordingly. (4) In case of Case C where the circular air-vent with the smallest area of air-vent is installed, the velocity of air current appears the fastest. Thus, it seems that there requires the research on the appropriate size and the layout plan of the circular air-vents for the purpose of the increase of effective space on the ground. It is also necessary to comprehend the appropriate locations in order to improve the performance of the natural ventilation, through examining the characteristic of the air current according to the type of ventilating openings installed in the basement car park, the velocity of the current, the pressure distribution and the installation of the auxiliary equipments for the natural ventilation.

대구광역시 공원녹지의 만족도 평가와 녹지의식에 관한 연구

朴賢雅 대구가톨릭대학교 2002 국내석사

For purpose of evaluating the level of satisfaction with the park areas in Tae-gu Metropolitan City and investigating the perceptions of the residents as users about these parks, objectives of this study are to provide basic data for informing the process of creating urban parks and providing foundations for rational urban greening initiatives. In this research, survey questionnaires were administered to the on-site users as well as the off-site users (city dwellers). A duration of this study extends from April, 2001 to June, 2001 for 3 months. Contents of questionnaires were divided into 3 groups : personal characteristics of respondents, satisfactions with the park areas of Taegu City as a whole and satisfactions with the park areas in the neighborhood of residency and perception of the users about park areas. Main results of this study are as follows. 1. The level of satisfaction with city-wide park areas as a whole was low. In particular, The satisfaction with safety in the parks was rated low. Factors influencing the level of satisfaction were an overall quality of parks and the management of the facilities in the parks. 2. The level of satisfaction with neighborhood parks was lower than that of the city as a whole. The level of satisfaction with security in the local parks was rated the lowest, suggesting need for remedy. Important variables that determine the level of satisfaction with the local parks were design of the parks facilities and the scenery of park spaces. 3. Chi-square analysis, conducted to study an effect of personal characteristics of users and the level of satisfaction with the parks, showed that there was no significant correlation between the level of satisfaction with the parks and users' gender and education backround. However, correlation between the age and the level of satisfaction was highly significant. 4. The analysis of the perception of the parks in Taegu City among the residents, indicated that the function of passive recreation was the most valued of the functions in park spaces. Treed areas were considered as the most important component of the park areas. As for the park area organization, health and recreational components were considered the most desirable. In regard to the development and location of parks, needs for the conversion of small strips of lands into mini-parks and parks for relaxation was cited frequently. 5. Chi-square analysis of the relationship between the personal characteristics and the perception of the parks showed that the residents of the Dalseo District considered the function of the environment preservation as important, while the residents of the North District considered the function of passive recreational space as important. An analysis of the relationship between the personal characteristics of users and the composition of parks showed that the longer the residency of the respondents, the more importance they attributed to the treed areas. An analysis of the relationship between the composition of the park spaces and personal characteristics of various social segments showed that the residents of Dal-seo District and the North District favored health and recreational components in the parks. Finally, an analysis of the relationship between the perception of priorities in regard to the development and location of the park spaces and the personal characteristics of various social segments showed that more educated respondents favored the creation of a large number of small neighborhood parks and green spaces and that the residents of Dal-seo District indicated preference for the creation of mini-parks and parks for relaxation from the conversion of small fragment of neighborhood lands.

活性炭共存包括固定化法による難分解性有機性排水の高度處理に關する硏究

박철희 東京工業大學 1996 해외박사

최근 미량유해화학물질은 미량으로 존재하더라도 유전독성, 발암성, 기형성 등 생태계 및 인체에 영향을 미칠 우려가 대두되어 세계적으로 유해성 난분해 물질이 환경기준에 의해 규제가 강화되고 있으며 그에 대한 처리기술개발이 필수적인 과제로 자리잡고 있다. 본 연구에서는 활성탄공존포괄고정화법의 개발과 실용화를 목적으로 제조법, 다이옥신의 기본골격인 디벤죠퓨란을 대상 으로 기초연구와 펄프제지에서의 본법과 오존처리법을 병행시킨 Hybrid고도처 리를 검토 분해능의 고효율화에 커다란 효과를 발휘한다는 사실을 해명했다. 아울러 본법의 적용가능성과 함께 기초지식을 제공했다. Because of the typical diversity of resources, visitors, and land conditions, few national parks can be managed uniformly. These diversities in the parks often have resulted in conflicts. Numerous management strategies have been applied in natural settings in order to reduce identified conflicts between the resource and visitors Although some management actions and standards may be prescribed for an entire park, many apply only to particular zones, areas, or sites Recent events in the Korean national park system have placed a priority on the development or modification of a land-use system with respect to its suitability for recreation and its sustainability of environment. Land zoning, as a direct management technique, is not only effective but inevitable for effectively managing national parks. Zoning can help maintain diversity and enhance protection of national parks as well as improve the quality of the visitor experience The goal underlying this study is to provide a variety of types of information to assist planners and managers with the difficult task of managing national parks. Another goal of the study is to suggest a conceptual land spectrum model (LSM) that reflects current scientific understanding of the zoning concepts and identified problems from existing systems, including the Korean land-use system. A model was constructed through a comprehensive literature survey which included a review of relevant published and unpublished literature. A trial application of the model was used to illustrate the LSM concepts and process, and to examine its feasibility in a case study of Sorak Mt National Park, Korea. The LSM presented here was principally based on a zoning approach which deals with resource values and recreation opportunities for conservation purposes and appropriate uses in the Korean national park system. It also tried to take into account the dual goals of national parks, which are preservation and use. Due to the complex legal constraints in the Korean national park system, the LSM is not a legal tool, but rather a comprehensive zoning framework for resource values and recreation opportunities. As such, the LSM can be used both as a guide to allocations of resources and management actions, and as data input to the decision-making processes related to other resource management in the national park system. A trial application, using GIS as a tool, in Sorak Mt. National Park demonstrated that the LSM procedure can be successfully adopted to a wide range of Korean national parks. GIS allowed some functional advances for computerized analysis, data management, and presentation of mapped information in the case study.

Genetic analysis of PARK2 gene in Korean patients with Parkinson's disease

박인원 忠南大學校 新藥專門大學院 2016 국내박사

Mutations in PARK2 are considered a common cause of Parkinson’s disease (PD). To assess the frequency of PARK2 mutations in the Korean population, we screened the PARK2 gene in 83 Korean PD patients: two young onset (YO, ≤49), 32 middle onset (MO, 50-69) and 49 late onset (LO, 70). Detection of the point mutations was performed by direct sequencing of the PARK2 exons, and exonic rearrangements were analyzed using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Five known PARK2 variants were identified in 53 (63.9%) of the Korean PD patients: two missense mutations (Y267H and M458L) and three polymorphisms (S167N, L272I and V380L). We also found an increased frequency of PARK2 variants in PD patients and a lowered PD age at onset (AAO) in those having two variants, suggesting that the genetic variation in PARK2 gene might be a genetic risk factor of PD in Korean population.

디지털 직업 체험관의 설계원리 구안을 위한 기초연구 : APEC Edutainment Exchange Program의 핵심원리를 중심으로

박경민 부산대학교 대학원 2014 국내석사

The purpose of this study is to extract principles to design the Digital Work Experience Theme Park model by examining the problems of some Theme Parks and analyzing the needs of experts, students, and teachers. For the purpose, this researcher raised the following research questions. 1. What is the problem factors of 'Work Experience Theme Park and Digital Theme Park' based on the main principles of Edutainment Park System? 2. What is the requirements for designing the Digital Work Experience Theme Park like? 3. What is the basic principles for designing the Digital Work Experience Theme Park? To get answers to the above questions, the researcher analyzed the disadvantages of 'Work Experience Theme Park and Digital Theme Park' by literature research, evaluated the Theme Parks by using the principles of Edutainment Park System as an instrument for evaluation, and interviewed with expert, teachers and students to extract the needs for designing the Digital Work Experience Theme Park, extracting the principles for designing the Digital Work Experience Theme Park(DWETP). The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, The Work Experience Theme Park and the Digital Theme Park make students satisified with various Work Experience and Digital Contents. But on the basis of AEEP's Edutainment Park Theory, they are so concentrated to entertainment that they run short of the efficiency of Education, the phased educational curriculms, and circulation management. Also, the continuing learning process connected to the beforehand learning, experince, the post learning. is needed. Second, Constructing the cooperation network system for sharing digital work experience contents, operating the student centered phased curriculums, and establishing the demagnified DWETP which requires less finance than the large scale Career Theme Park like 'Job World' are needed. Third, the 4 basic factors for designing DWETP which was extracted from this study are including the Builder's Principles, the Principles of Program, the Principles of Space, and the Principles of Supporting System. First of all, the Builder must consider planning in the medium and long term centered on the experiential program, balancing an implanted hardware and a dedicated software, and educating by a conference. And, 3 programmatic factors are including effective career decision, the balanced reflection of AEEP's essential factors, self-directed experiential learning, and blended learning. Also, the spatial factors for designing DWETP result in the target for low-budget, supporting a vocational community by using Digital Technology. Lastly, 5 factors for supporting DWETP, which include Digital Experiential Contents sharing System, On-line Community for mentoring system, Vocational Expert Network, the Space and System to support some communities which has the same vocation, and the Experiential learning Model related to public educational system, is added. Further, By realizing the self directed Digital Work Experience Theme Park based on Entertainment and learning, on and off-line, It will be helpful to students' career guidance that new work experience environment supporting new career guidance policy will be established.

강동구 도시 녹지축 기능 활성화를 위한 도시공원의 생태적 리뉴얼 방안 연구

박정아 서울시립대학교 2020 국내석사

The purpose of this study was to prepare an ecological renewal plan for urban parks and to propose a design plan that applied the plan to targeted parks with high environmental and ecological value located in the green axis of the city. The current condition of Gangdong-gu and urban parks were analyzed, and the land use and green space rate, park green space, and green axis status of Gangdong-gu were analyzed and used as basic data for selecting a renewal site. There were a total of 54 parks in Gangdong-gu including 2 neighborhood parks and 52 children's parks. The renewal site was selected through a step-by-step status review. In the first phase of the current status review, 17 parks were extracted through locational value analysis, such as whether the park is located on or adjacent to the natural axis and green axis. In the second stage, eight of the first stage extraction parks were selected based on the ratio of green space and open space in each park service area. In the 3rd stage, two places were selected from the 2nd stage extraction park through the legal or non-compliance of the park area, and in the 4th stage, 1 location was selected from the 3rd stage extraction park through the aging survey of the park. Through the step-by-step review process, the Sunlin Children's Park extracted in step 4, the Dangmal children's park extracted in step 3, and the Sammul Children's Park extracted in step 2 were selected as renewal targets. In order to grasp the urban ecological status of the renewal site, the land use status, soil cover status, and planting structure status of the site were investigated. The total area of ​​Sunlin Children's Park is 1,575㎡, and the green area occupies 18.3% and the facility area 81.7%, so the green area does not meet the legal standards, and the soil cover has a high impervious paving area of ​​48.1%. It consisted of 19.8% single-layer structure and 16.6% multi-layer structure. The total area of ​​the Dangmal children's park was 2,409㎡, and 41% of the green area and 59% of the facility area, but since the lower part of the park was used as a public parking lot for the Cheonho 3-dong, it was a park built on artificial ground, so the natural ground area was only 1.5%. The impermeable pavement area was 48.9%, the park's central pavement was wide, and the planting structure was composed of a single-layer structure of 26.7% and a double-layer structure of 14.2%, and some woody layers were good, but the lower vegetation was poor. The total area of ​​the Sammul Children's Park was 992㎡, the green area was 45.3%, the facility area was 54.7%, the impervious paving area was 34.5%. The current status of planting structure is 8.0% for single-layered structures and 37.3% for double-layered structures. The woody layer had good growth status, but some dense plantings needed to be managed. Comprehensive status of the three renewable sites, the green area was insufficient from 18.3% to 45.3%, and the area of ​​the facility was 54.7% to 81.7%, indicating that the effect of reducing city temperature was low. The impervious pavement area was 34.5% to 48.9% of the park area, and it was judged that the water circulation function was lost because it occupied most of the facility area. The planting structure consisted of a single-layered structure and a double-layered structure, and the woody layer was good, but the lower vegetation was poor. There was no food plant plantation or large tree plantation, so biodiversity was low. Therefore, three renewable sites have a large facility area, high impervious paving rate, and a simple planting structure in a green area with a small green area. As a result, considering the urban ecological aspect, the effect of reducing the city temperature is low, the water circulation function is lost, and the biodiversity function is also judged to be very low. After the ecological renewal design, the area and ratio of the entropy reduction plan, water circulation plan, and biodiversity plan were compared before and after. Sunlin Children's Park has increased natural green space from 18.3% to 40.6%, facility area decreased from 81.7% to 59.4%, pervious pavement and niche pervious pavement increased to 49.6%. Multi-layered planting and food plant planting and large tree planting site 31.3% were newly created. After renewal, the park's ecological area rate increased from 21.4% to 66.2%. Dangmal children's park increased from 41.0% to 52.2% in green space, decreased from 59% to 47.8% in facility area, and increased permeability and niche permeability area to 39.7%. Multi-layered planting and food plant planting and large tree planting site 38.2% were newly created. After renewal, the park's ecological area rate increased from 29.1% to 49.5%. Saemmul Children's Park increased from 45.3% to 48.9% of natural ground greenery, facility area decreased from 54.7% to 51.1%, and increased permeability and niche permeability area to 51.1%. Multi-layered planting and food plant planting and large tree planting site 36.5% were newly created. After renewal, the park's ecological area rate increased from 49.1% to 70.2%. Due to the increase in the ratio of green space composition, the city temperature will have a reduction effect of over 1.44℃ compared to the urbanized area without green space, and the water circulation function will be enhanced and the ecological area ratio will be increased more than 1.4 times by securing the permeable paving area. In order to create a biodiversity base, a multi-layered planting site and a food plant planting site were proposed. As a result of ecologically renewed design of Seonlin Children's Park, Dangmal Children's Park, and Sammul Children's Park, which were selected as renewal targets among the parks in Gangdong-gu in this study, the ecological area ratio of each park increased by 1.4 to 3 times more than before. Looking at the urban park located on the urban green axis from the perspective of the urban ecosystem and ecologically renewing it, it is expected that the expected effect will be high in reducing the entropy in the urban ecosystem, improving the health of water circulation, and creating a foundation for biodiversity. Keywords: park function, urban ecosystem, water circulation, biodiversity, ecological area ratio 본 연구는 강동구의 조성형공원 중 도시 녹지축에 입지한 환경생태적인 가치가 높은 공원을 대상으로 도시공원의 생태적 리뉴얼 조성방안을 마련하고 조성방안을 적용한 설계를 제안하고자 하였다. 강동구의 개황과 도시공원 개황을 분석하고 강동구의 토지이용 및 녹지율현황, 공원녹지현황, 녹지축현황을 분석하여 리뉴얼 대상지 선정의 기초자료로 활용하였다. 강동구의 조성형공원은 근린공원 2개소, 어린이공원 52개소로 총 54개였으며 단계별 현황검토를 통하여 리뉴얼 대상지를 선정하였다. 현황검토 1단계에서는 공원이 자연축, 녹지축 상에 입지 및 인접 여부 등 입지적 가치 분석을 통해 17개소를 추출하였고, 2단계에서는 각 공원 서비스권역 내 녹지 및 오픈스페이스 비율을 바탕으로 1단계 추출 공원 중 8개소를 선정하였다. 3단계에서는 공원면적의 법적 기준 충족여부를 통해 2단계 추출 공원 중 2개소를 선정하였으며, 4단계에서는 공원의 노후화 조사를 통해 3단계 추출 공원 중 1개소를 선정하였다. 단계별 검토과정을 통해 4단계에서 추출한 선린어린이공원과 3단계에서 추출한 당말어린이공원, 2단계에서 추출한 샘물어린이공원을 리뉴얼 대상지로 선정하였다. 리뉴얼 대상지의 도시생태적 현황을 파악하기 위해 엔트로피 저감 측면에서 토지이용현황, 물순환 측면에서 토양피복현황, 생물다양성 측면에서 식재구조현황을 조사하였다. 선린어린이공원의 전체면적은 1,575㎡이고 녹지는 18.3%, 시설지는 81.7%를 차지하고 있어 녹지 면적이 법적 기준을 충족하지 못하였고 토양피복에서도 불투수포장지 면적이 48.1%로 높았으며 식재구조 현황은 단층구조 19.8%, 복층구조 16.6%로 이루어져 있었다. 당말어린이공원의 전체면적은 2,409㎡이고 녹지 41%, 시설지 59%였으나 공원 하부가 천호3동 공영주차장으로 이용되고 있어 인공지반 위에 조성된 공원이기 때문에 자연지반 녹지는 1.5%에 불과하였다. 불투수포장 면적이 48.9%로 공원 중앙부 포장지가 넓었으며 식재구조 현황은 단층구조 26.7%, 복층구조 14.2%로 이루어져 있고 일부 교목층은 양호하였으나 하부식생이 빈약하였다. 샘물어린이공원의 전체면적은 992㎡이고 녹지 45.3%, 시설지 54.7%였고 불투수포장 면적은 34.5%이었으며 식재구조 현황은 단층구조 8.0%, 복층구조 37.3%로 교목층은 생육현황이 양호하였으나 일부 밀집된 식재지는 관리가 필요하였다. 리뉴얼 대상지 3곳의 현황을 종합해보면 녹지면적은 18.3∼45.3%로 부족하였고 시설지 면적은 54.7∼81.7%로 높아 도시온도 저감효과가 낮은 것으로 판단되었다. 이 중 불투수 포장면적이 공원 면적의 34.5∼48.9%로 시설면적의 대부분을 차지하여 물순환 기능이 상실된 것으로 판단되었다. 식재구조는 단층구조와 복층구조로 이루어져 있고 교목층은 양호하였으나 하부식생이 빈약하였고 식이식물 식재지나 대경목 식재지는 없어 생물다양성이 낮은 상태였다. 따라서 리뉴얼 대상지 3곳은 시설 면적이 넓고, 불투수포장률이 높으며, 녹지 면적이 좁은 상태에 단순한 식재 구조로 도시생태적 측면에서 고찰해 보면 도시온도 저감효과가 낮고 물순환 기능이 상실되었으며 생물다양성 기능도 매우 낮은 것으로 판단되었다. 생태적 리뉴얼 설계 후 엔트로피 저감 계획, 물순환 계획, 생물다양성 계획의 면적 및 비율 전·후를 비교해 보면 선린어린이공원은 자연지반녹지는 18.3%에서 40.6%로 증가, 시설지는 81.7%에서 59.4%로 감소, 투수포장지와 틈새투수포장지는 49.6%로 증가, 다층구조 식재지 및 식이식물 식재지와 대경목 식재지 31.3% 신규 조성, 리뉴얼 후 공원 생태면적률은 21.4%에서 66.2%로 증가하였다. 당말어린이공원은 녹지는 41.0%에서 52.2%로 증가, 시설지는 59%에서 47.8%로 감소, 투수포장지와 틈새투수포장지는 39.7%로 증가, 다층구조 식재지 및 식이식물 식재지와 대경목 식재지 38.2% 신규 조성, 리뉴얼 후 공원 생태면적률은 29.1%에서 49.5%로 증가하였다. 샘물어린이공원은 자연지반녹지는 45.3%에서 48.9%로 증가, 시설지는 54.7%에서 51.1%로 감소, 투수포장지와 틈새투수포장지는 51.1%로 증가, 다층구조 식재지 및 식이식물 식재지와 대경목 식재지 36.5% 신규 조성, 리뉴얼 후 공원 생태면적율은 49.4%에서 70.2%로 증가하였다. 녹지 조성 비율 증가로 도시온도는 녹지가 없는 시가화 구역에 비해 1.44℃이상 저감효과가 있을 것이며, 투수포장면적 확보로 물순환 기능이 증진되고 생태면적율이 1.4배 이상 증가되었다. 생물다양성 기반 조성을 위해 다층구조 식재지와 식이식물 식재지 조성을 제안하였다. 본 연구에서 강동구의 조성형공원 중 리뉴얼 대상지로 선정한 선린어린이공원, 당말어린이공원, 샘물어린이공원을 생태적으로 리뉴얼 설계한 결과 공원별 생태면적율은 리뉴얼 전보다 1.4∼3배 이상 증가하였다. 도시 녹지축에 입지한 도시공원을 도시생태계의 관점으로 바라보고 이를 생태적으로 리뉴얼하면 도시생태계 측면에서 엔트로피 저감, 물순환 건강성 향상, 생물다양성 기반조성에 기대효과가 높을 것으로 판단된다.

Group signature schemes from bilinear pairings for an anonymous electronic auction system

박해룡 Chonnam National Univ. 2006 국내박사

We propose the PARK-1 group signature scheme and the PARK-2 group signature scheme. The PARK-1 group signature scheme with SEM is based on bilinear pairings. An on-line third party called a SEM, is introduced to help our scheme to realize the "join" of our scheme and immediate "revocation" of group membership. Thus, the PARK-1 group signature scheme is suitable for an anonymous electronic auction system with expensive bids. Also, the PARK-2 group signature scheme with SEM1 is based on bilinear pairings. To satisfy exculpability property on our scheme, SEM1 generates a partial private key of group member. Thus, even GM can not generate a valid signature on behalf of other group member. Particularly, the PARK-2 group signature scheme uses the transformation from weakly unforgeable signature scheme to strongly unforgeable signature scheme. Thus, the PARK-2 group signature scheme is suited to an anonymous electronic auction system with inexpensive bids. To design an anonymous electronic auction system with inexpensive bids which we get easily access to, we apply the PARK-2 group signature scheme to it. Our electronic auction system has selective conditional anonymity with trustee and is a sealed bid auction. Also, our system protects the privacy of bidder. In order words, even auction server can't tell who participate in bid and though seller tells a winner of bid, he can't tell who participate in bid. Also, our system satisfies all security requirements of anonymous electronic auction system. 본 논문에서는 PARK-1 그룹서명 기법 및 PARK-2 그룹서명 기법을 제안한 다. PARK-1 그룹서명 기법은 보안 중재자가 있는 겹선형쌍 기반의 그룹서명기법이다. 보안 중재자라고 불리는 온라인 상태의 신뢰기관은 그룹 관리자와 함께 그룹 구성원의 가입 단계에 참여하며, 그룹 구성원이 보안 중재자의 도움이 있어야만 그룹서명을 생성할 수 있기 때문에 신속한 그룹 구성원의 탈퇴를 가능하게 한다. 그래서 PARK-1 그룹서명 기법은 고가의 경매를 다루는 익명성 전자경매 시스템에 적합하다. 또한, PARK-2 그룹서명 기법도 보안 중재자1이 있는 겹선형쌍 기반의 그룹 서명 기법이다. PARK-2 그룹서명 기법은 그룹 구성원(혹은 그룹 관리자)이 다른 그룹 구성원의 그룹서명을 위조할 수 없다는 성질인 해명성을 만족하기 위해 서 그룹 관리자가 그룹 구성원의 부분 개인키를 생성하고, 보안 중재자1이 그룹 구성원의 또 다른 부분 개인키를 생성한다. 그래서 PARK-2 그룹서명 기법은 그룹 관리자조차도 그룹 구성원의 그룹서명을 위조할 수 없게 된다. 특히, PARK-2 그룹서명 기법은 약한 위조방지 특성을 갖는 서명 기법을 강한 위조방지 특성을 갖는 서명 기법으로 변환하는 함수를 사용하여 기존의 그룹서명 기법 보다 더 안전성이 강화되었다. 그래서 PARK-2 그룹서명 기법은 저가의 경매를 다루는 익명성 전자경매시스템에 적합하다. 더 나아가 본 논문에서는 일반인이 쉽게 접할 수 있는 저가의 경매를 다루는 익명성 전자거래시스템을 설계하기 위해서 PARK-2 그룹서명 기법을 사용한다. 제안한 시스템은 비밀 경매 방식이며, 경매 당첨자의 익명성이 제어되는 시스템이다. 제안한 시스템은 PARK-2 그룹서명 기법을 사용함으로써 경매중계자조차도 제안한 시스템의 해당 경매에 참여한 경매자들을 알 수 없으며, 또한, 경매 물품 판매자는 경매 당첨자를 알지만, 해당 경매에 참여한 경매자들을 알 수 없게 된다. 또한, 제안한 시스템은 익명성 전자경매시스템의 보안 요구사항을 모두 만족하는 안전한 시스템이다.

Adequacy evaluation of urban park provision considering accessibility and amenity by age and gender cohorts

박시진 한양대학교 대학원 2022 국내석사

How does the national park management deliver their services? The perspective of service marketing focused on gunung gede pangrango national park, Indonesia

Maulana, Firman 서울시립대학교 국제도시과학대학원 2018 국내석사

인도네시아에 설립된 가장 오래된 국립공원 중 하나인 구눙 게대 빵랑오 국립공원(GGPNP)은 관광 개발의 기초로 생태관광을 선택했다. 생태관광과 관련된 모든 혜택에 관계 없이 미래에 최적의 이익을 얻으려면 여전히 해결해야 할 과제가 있다. 정부기관으로서 GGPNP는 방문객에게 서비스를 제공하는 관광 활동을 지원하는 단순한 관리 이상의 또 다른 역할을 한다. 최근의 사실은 국립공원에 방문하는 관광객 수가 여전히 적다는 것을 보여주며 그 이유 중 하나는 국립공원에서 마케팅에 대한 관심이 낮기 때문이다. 국립공원은 또한 성과 중 하나인 방문 관광객 수에 대한 목표를 달성해야 하지만 GGPNP의 경영진은 서비스 마케팅을 시행하여 국립공원을 홍보하는 방법에 주목하기 시작해야 한다. 이러한 이유로 본 연구는 서비스 마케팅 관점에서 GGPNP가 서비스를 제공하는 방법을 조사하기 위해 실시되었다. 또한 이 논문은 생태관광 원리를 강조하는 경영진 측면과 인지된 서비스 성과 차원을 강조하는 방문객 관점에서 서비스 마케팅의 3가지 요소(인력, 물리적 증거, 프로세스 관리)를 탐구한다. 조사 결과에 따르면 GGPNP의 서비스 마케팅 구현은 전반적으로 중간 수준이다. 이는 GGPNP가 이미 표준 서비스 마케팅을 수행하지만 마케팅 가치를 높이기 위해 해결하고 개선해야 할 몇 가지 사항이 있다는 것을 의미한다. 인적 요소의 경우 GGPNP는 방문객에게 더 나은 서비스를 제공하기 위해 더 많은 인력을 충원하고 더 많은 교육을 제공해야 한다. 물리적 증거 요소의 경우 방문객은 GGPNP가 국립공원 지역에 머무는 동안 방문객에게 더 많은 지식과 편의를 제공하기 위해 국립공원 지역에 정보 표지판과 위생 시설을 개선하거나 추가해야 한다고 생각한다. 마지막으로, 프로세스 관리 요소에서 GGPNP는 더 많은 절차를 추가하고 고객 평가, 방문 우선순위 시민에 대한 대우(노인, 임산부, 장애인, 어린이), 방문객에게 피드백을 제공하는 방식에 대해 구체적인 사항을 추가해야 한다. GGPNP의 경영진에게 이 결과가 의미하는 바는 특히 인도네시아에서 국립공원의 서비스 마케팅에 대해 논의하는 이전 연구가 없었기 때문에 공식적인 계획 전략을 위한 마케팅 참조자료와 디딤돌을 제공하는 것이다. 또한 훌륭한 서비스 마케팅을 시행함으로써 장기적으로 국립공원을 방문하여 보존 메시지를 받고 환경에 대한 소속감을 높일 수 있는 사람들이 더 많아질 것이다. Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (GGPNP) one of the oldest national parks established in Indonesia has chosen ecotourism as the basis of their strategy in developing tourism. Regardless of all of the benefits that come with ecotourism, there are challenges that are still need to be addressed to gain optimum benefit in the future. As a government agency, GGPNP has another role than just mere conservation which is supporting tourism activities which mainly about delivering a service to its visitors. The recent data shows that the number of tourist arrival to the national park is still low, and one of the reasons is the low interest of marketing for a national park. While the national park also needs to achieve the target for tourist arrival as one of their performance, the management of GGPNP needs to start their attention on how to market the national park through the implementation of service marketing. Due to these reasons, this research was conducted to examine how the GGPNP delivers their services from the perspective of services marketing. In particularly, this thesis explores the three elements of services marketing (personnel, physical evidence, and process management) from the perspective of management which emphasizes ecotourism principles and the perspective of visitor which emphasizes on perceived service performance dimension. The results of this survey show that as overall the implementation of service marketing in GGPNP is at a moderate level. This means that GGPNP already perform standard service marketing but there are several things that need to be addressed and improved to increase their marketing value. From the personnel element, the GGPNP need to consider adding more personnel and provide them with more training in order to deliver better services to the visitor. For the physical evidence element, the result also shows that the visitor thinks that GGPNP needs to improve or add more information signage and sanitary facilities in the national park area to give more knowledge and comfortability toward visitor during their stay in the area of national park. Lastly, from the process management element shown that GGPNP need to add more procedure and put more specific details on customer evaluation, treatment for priority citizen (elderly, pregnant woman, disabled person, and children) that come to visit, and how they provide their feedback to the visitor. This research is expected to serve as a stepping stone and reference on marketing and planning strategies of GGPNP since there was no previous research that discusses service marketing in the national park especially in Indonesia. Furthermore, by implementing good services marketing it is expected that for long-term outcome there will be more people to visit a national park to receive the message of conservation and hence increase their sense of belonging toward the environment.