도농공원 개발행위 특례사업 설계방안 : 남양주시를 중심으로

박핼리 전북대학교 일반대학원 2018 국내석사

In spite of the fact that 7 years has passed since an exceptional clause was reflected in law of urban park and green belt, a place where private park is promoted is very few and there is no created park at present. Donong park in Namyangju city has been also left unattended under uncreated condition until now and restriction on exercising property right of landowners and public complaint occurrence have been increased. A design plan for creating viable park construction based on exceptional clause was suggested after surveying, analyzing land features and condition focusing on Namyangju city Donong park and major research result is as follows. First, target land of this study is important space as green belt hub that may be linked with urban green belt as waterfront park including Donong sport park is located at waterside of Wangsookcheon in Dasan new town around target land. As large scaled development projects such as Donong rearrangement facilitation zone and Dasan new town are under promotion, if creation of Donong park should be completed, user would be increased and so, park design plan in terms of land use and green belt network utilization is required in reality. Second, 17 parks among total 19 neighborhood parks of Namyangjoo city were created and used by people but only Donong Maseok park as target land is unattended without being constructed. As Donong park is left unattended up to the present since it was designated as urban plan facility on June 30, 1995 for the first time and if this project should not be implemented by 2020, its plan would be cancelled. Therefore, comfortable urban park is urgently required to be created by establishing design plan for long-term unexecuted urban park. Third, strong point of Donong park is that it is furnished with favorable access system and its functional linkage could be strengthened as public facility was created nearby by development of Dasan new town but its weak point is that facility introduction in the park is restricted by elevation and slope of forest type park. In addition, its opportunity is that it is located at boundary between existing town and new town and exceptional clause system for private park creation is under operation. And its threat element is that large scaled finance is inevitable for park creation as 90% of target project land is private land and natural environment was damaged by farming. Fourth, in order to maintain design objectivity, environmental factor was deduced through target land analysis including data analysis and site survey and design plan was mapped out by establishing development direction through storytelling. Forest type Donong park of Namyangju city that is near to the city and where agriculture is developed was selected as basic direction in order to design it as nature friendly park where city and rural village coexist and a space of communication and harmony was presented by securing insufficient park facility and comfortable resting space for the citizens. Fifth, after setting basic direction of Donong park, park design was materialized into traffic line plan, planting plan, pavement and facility construction. In traffic line plan, traffic line was arranged to be fit for each function by dividing it into main traffic line, entry and auxiliary traffic line and planting plan was mapped out so that landscape level would be upgraded by reflecting city tree, flower of Namyangju city, special regional tree. In addition, pavement plan was established considering aesthetic landscape and economic efficiency by using permeable paving material and eco-friendly material and CPTED plan for preventing crime was adopted as basic direction of facility plan. Developmental plan of Donong park was provided by establishing master plan based on these plans. Significance of this study is that it was prepared by selecting Donong park as target land in order to solve the problem of long-term unexecuted urban plan facility by reviewing park value and seeking for park creation direction. As this study is particularly limited to a specific region, subjective concept was strongly reflected and so, objective design concept is required to be established in the future through comparison with long-term unexecuted urban park of other regions.

活性炭共存包括固定化法による難分解性有機性排水の高度處理に關する硏究

박철희 東京工業大學 1996 해외박사

최근 미량유해화학물질은 미량으로 존재하더라도 유전독성, 발암성, 기형성 등 생태계 및 인체에 영향을 미칠 우려가 대두되어 세계적으로 유해성 난분해 물질이 환경기준에 의해 규제가 강화되고 있으며 그에 대한 처리기술개발이 필수적인 과제로 자리잡고 있다. 본 연구에서는 활성탄공존포괄고정화법의 개발과 실용화를 목적으로 제조법, 다이옥신의 기본골격인 디벤죠퓨란을 대상 으로 기초연구와 펄프제지에서의 본법과 오존처리법을 병행시킨 Hybrid고도처 리를 검토 분해능의 고효율화에 커다란 효과를 발휘한다는 사실을 해명했다. 아울러 본법의 적용가능성과 함께 기초지식을 제공했다. Because of the typical diversity of resources, visitors, and land conditions, few national parks can be managed uniformly. These diversities in the parks often have resulted in conflicts. Numerous management strategies have been applied in natural settings in order to reduce identified conflicts between the resource and visitors Although some management actions and standards may be prescribed for an entire park, many apply only to particular zones, areas, or sites Recent events in the Korean national park system have placed a priority on the development or modification of a land-use system with respect to its suitability for recreation and its sustainability of environment. Land zoning, as a direct management technique, is not only effective but inevitable for effectively managing national parks. Zoning can help maintain diversity and enhance protection of national parks as well as improve the quality of the visitor experience The goal underlying this study is to provide a variety of types of information to assist planners and managers with the difficult task of managing national parks. Another goal of the study is to suggest a conceptual land spectrum model (LSM) that reflects current scientific understanding of the zoning concepts and identified problems from existing systems, including the Korean land-use system. A model was constructed through a comprehensive literature survey which included a review of relevant published and unpublished literature. A trial application of the model was used to illustrate the LSM concepts and process, and to examine its feasibility in a case study of Sorak Mt National Park, Korea. The LSM presented here was principally based on a zoning approach which deals with resource values and recreation opportunities for conservation purposes and appropriate uses in the Korean national park system. It also tried to take into account the dual goals of national parks, which are preservation and use. Due to the complex legal constraints in the Korean national park system, the LSM is not a legal tool, but rather a comprehensive zoning framework for resource values and recreation opportunities. As such, the LSM can be used both as a guide to allocations of resources and management actions, and as data input to the decision-making processes related to other resource management in the national park system. A trial application, using GIS as a tool, in Sorak Mt. National Park demonstrated that the LSM procedure can be successfully adopted to a wide range of Korean national parks. GIS allowed some functional advances for computerized analysis, data management, and presentation of mapped information in the case study.

디지털 직업 체험관의 설계원리 구안을 위한 기초연구 : APEC Edutainment Exchange Program의 핵심원리를 중심으로

박경민 부산대학교 대학원 2014 국내석사

The purpose of this study is to extract principles to design the Digital Work Experience Theme Park model by examining the problems of some Theme Parks and analyzing the needs of experts, students, and teachers. For the purpose, this researcher raised the following research questions. 1. What is the problem factors of 'Work Experience Theme Park and Digital Theme Park' based on the main principles of Edutainment Park System? 2. What is the requirements for designing the Digital Work Experience Theme Park like? 3. What is the basic principles for designing the Digital Work Experience Theme Park? To get answers to the above questions, the researcher analyzed the disadvantages of 'Work Experience Theme Park and Digital Theme Park' by literature research, evaluated the Theme Parks by using the principles of Edutainment Park System as an instrument for evaluation, and interviewed with expert, teachers and students to extract the needs for designing the Digital Work Experience Theme Park, extracting the principles for designing the Digital Work Experience Theme Park(DWETP). The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, The Work Experience Theme Park and the Digital Theme Park make students satisified with various Work Experience and Digital Contents. But on the basis of AEEP's Edutainment Park Theory, they are so concentrated to entertainment that they run short of the efficiency of Education, the phased educational curriculms, and circulation management. Also, the continuing learning process connected to the beforehand learning, experince, the post learning. is needed. Second, Constructing the cooperation network system for sharing digital work experience contents, operating the student centered phased curriculums, and establishing the demagnified DWETP which requires less finance than the large scale Career Theme Park like 'Job World' are needed. Third, the 4 basic factors for designing DWETP which was extracted from this study are including the Builder's Principles, the Principles of Program, the Principles of Space, and the Principles of Supporting System. First of all, the Builder must consider planning in the medium and long term centered on the experiential program, balancing an implanted hardware and a dedicated software, and educating by a conference. And, 3 programmatic factors are including effective career decision, the balanced reflection of AEEP's essential factors, self-directed experiential learning, and blended learning. Also, the spatial factors for designing DWETP result in the target for low-budget, supporting a vocational community by using Digital Technology. Lastly, 5 factors for supporting DWETP, which include Digital Experiential Contents sharing System, On-line Community for mentoring system, Vocational Expert Network, the Space and System to support some communities which has the same vocation, and the Experiential learning Model related to public educational system, is added. Further, By realizing the self directed Digital Work Experience Theme Park based on Entertainment and learning, on and off-line, It will be helpful to students' career guidance that new work experience environment supporting new career guidance policy will be established.

대구광역시 공원녹지의 만족도 평가와 녹지의식에 관한 연구

朴賢雅 대구가톨릭대학교 2002 국내석사

For purpose of evaluating the level of satisfaction with the park areas in Tae-gu Metropolitan City and investigating the perceptions of the residents as users about these parks, objectives of this study are to provide basic data for informing the process of creating urban parks and providing foundations for rational urban greening initiatives. In this research, survey questionnaires were administered to the on-site users as well as the off-site users (city dwellers). A duration of this study extends from April, 2001 to June, 2001 for 3 months. Contents of questionnaires were divided into 3 groups : personal characteristics of respondents, satisfactions with the park areas of Taegu City as a whole and satisfactions with the park areas in the neighborhood of residency and perception of the users about park areas. Main results of this study are as follows. 1. The level of satisfaction with city-wide park areas as a whole was low. In particular, The satisfaction with safety in the parks was rated low. Factors influencing the level of satisfaction were an overall quality of parks and the management of the facilities in the parks. 2. The level of satisfaction with neighborhood parks was lower than that of the city as a whole. The level of satisfaction with security in the local parks was rated the lowest, suggesting need for remedy. Important variables that determine the level of satisfaction with the local parks were design of the parks facilities and the scenery of park spaces. 3. Chi-square analysis, conducted to study an effect of personal characteristics of users and the level of satisfaction with the parks, showed that there was no significant correlation between the level of satisfaction with the parks and users' gender and education backround. However, correlation between the age and the level of satisfaction was highly significant. 4. The analysis of the perception of the parks in Taegu City among the residents, indicated that the function of passive recreation was the most valued of the functions in park spaces. Treed areas were considered as the most important component of the park areas. As for the park area organization, health and recreational components were considered the most desirable. In regard to the development and location of parks, needs for the conversion of small strips of lands into mini-parks and parks for relaxation was cited frequently. 5. Chi-square analysis of the relationship between the personal characteristics and the perception of the parks showed that the residents of the Dalseo District considered the function of the environment preservation as important, while the residents of the North District considered the function of passive recreational space as important. An analysis of the relationship between the personal characteristics of users and the composition of parks showed that the longer the residency of the respondents, the more importance they attributed to the treed areas. An analysis of the relationship between the composition of the park spaces and personal characteristics of various social segments showed that the residents of Dal-seo District and the North District favored health and recreational components in the parks. Finally, an analysis of the relationship between the perception of priorities in regard to the development and location of the park spaces and the personal characteristics of various social segments showed that more educated respondents favored the creation of a large number of small neighborhood parks and green spaces and that the residents of Dal-seo District indicated preference for the creation of mini-parks and parks for relaxation from the conversion of small fragment of neighborhood lands.

노후 도시공원의 생태적 전환을 위한 리뉴얼 기법 개발

박정아 서울시립대학교 2025 국내박사

본 연구는 공원녹지 양적 확충시대에 조성되어 물리적으로 노후하고 시대 패러다임 변화에 뒤떨어진 노후 도시공원의 리뉴얼을 위한 평가도구를 개발하고, 미래가치를 반영한 리뉴얼 기법을 제시하여 도시공원의 생태적 전환을 이루는 것이 연구의 목적이다. 연구대상지는 7대 광역시 중 조성 이후 20년 이상 경과한 공원수가 서울특별시를 제외하고 가장 많아 공원 노후도가 높은 인천광역시의 8개 자치구 내 도시공원 205개소이다. 연구대상지의 공원 유형은 근린공원, 어린이공원, 문화공원, 체육공원이다. 본 연구의 진행과정은 연구 이론적 고찰, 연구방법 설정, 노후된 도시공원 평가, 도시 공원 리뉴얼 기법 개발로 구성하였다. 노후된 도시공원 평가는 1단계의 물리적 노후도 평가와 2단계의 공원 성능평가로 진행하였다. 물리적 노후도 평가항목은 공원의 물리적 요소인 시설물, 동선, 녹지의 3가지이고 연구대상지 205개소의 현장조사 자료를 평가하였다. 평가결과 물리적 노후면적 비율이 공원면적의 10%이상으로 노후도가 높은 공원 56개소를 추출하였고 이 공원들을 대상으로 2단계 공원 성능평가를 수행하였다. 공원 성능평가의 대분류 평가항목은 공간기능성, 녹지기능성, 환경성, 편의성, 유지관리, 접근성의 6가지이고 각 항목에 해당하는 소분류 평가항목은 모두 22개이다. 근린공원·문화 공원은 22개 소분류 항목을 모두 평가하였고 어린이공원은 공간기능성의 소분류 항목 중 장소성, 특화요소 항목을 제외하고 20개 소분류 항목만 평가하였다. 공원 성능평가 대상공원 56개소는 성능평가 결과 백분위 점수 60점을 기준으로 리뉴얼과 부분정비 유형으로 구분하였다. 60점 미만인 리뉴얼 유형은 32개, 60점 이상인 부분정비 유형은 23개인 것으로 확인되었고 본 연구의 리뉴얼 대상지는 성능평가 결과에 따른 리뉴얼 유형 대상지 32개소이다. 도시공원 리뉴얼 방향설정을 위해 도시공원의 미래가치를 도출하였다. 도출 근거는 도시공원 조성 패러다임, 2040 인천광역시 공원녹지 기본계획, 국내·외 도시공원의 새로운 패러다임이다. 국내·외 도시공원 새로운 패러다임은 최근 리뉴얼되어 도시공원 조성 패러다임을 잘 보여주는 사례대상지 8개소를 선정하여 분석하였고 새로운 패러다임은 환경생태, 시민참여, 공원서비스 강화이다. 도시공원 미래가치 주요관점은 환경생태, 시민참여, 공원서비스 강화 측면으로 구분하여 도출하였다. 환경생태 측면의 미래가치는 자연과 접촉, 자연·생태자원 보존, 탄소흡수원, 도시환경 개선, 우수보존·활용, 자연친화재료 놀이시설의 6가지이고 시민참여 측면의 미래가치는 수요자 중심 이용환경, 지속가능한 유지관리, 시민의 참여, 커뮤니티 프로그램의 4가지이다. 공원서비스 강화 측면의 미래가치는 건강·웰빙 추구, 고령친화와 이용자 포용, 지역정체성과 지역문화, 커뮤니티통합, 접근성 향상의 5가지이다. 미래가치 주요관점에 따른 공원 리뉴얼 유형은 7가지로 선정하였다. 환경생태 유형은 자연생태형, 도시환경개선형, 어린이테마놀이형이고, 공원서비스 강화 유형은 건강웰니스형, 실버친화형, 지역자원형, 커뮤니티통합형이다. 시민참여 측면의 미래가치는 모든 리뉴얼 유형에 적용해야 할 기본 방향이다. 리뉴얼해야 할 공원의 평가결과, 주변 토지이용, 주이용자계층 등의 여건에 따라 7개 리뉴얼 유형 중 최적화된 유형을 선정할 수 있으며 유형을 복합 적용할 수 있다. 도시공원 리뉴얼 계획항목은 시설물, 동선, 녹지, 공간기능성, 녹지기능성, 환경성, 편의성, 유지관리, 접근성이고 세부 계획내용은 미래가치를 반영하여 정립하였다. 시설물은 정비시 이용자 수요를 고려하고 동선은 투수포장면을 확보하며 녹지는 충분한 녹지율을 확보하였다. 공간기능성은 수요자 중심 시설과 커뮤니티 통합공간을 마련하고 녹지기능성은 녹지전체 경관성 제고와 도시환경식재기법을 적용하였다. 환경성은 자연형 물순환체계를 확보하고 편의성은 자연친화시설과 자연재료 보행로를 계획하였으며 유지 관리는 지속성 확보, 접근성은 동선 연결과 입구부 인지성 향상을 제시하였다. 리뉴얼 기법 적용 대상지는 4개소이다. 성능평가 백분위 점수 최하위 10개소 중 공원 유형별로 대표성이 있거나 인천시 지역성을 대표하는 공원을 선정하였으며, 선정한 대상지는 근린공원인 유수지공원, 세영공원, 문화공원인 뫼골문화공원, 어린이공원인 큰구월공원이다. 4개의 리뉴얼 대상지 적용계획을 종합하면 근린공원인 유수지공원은 건강 웰니스형, 도시환경개선형 유형으로 리뉴얼하였고 주이용자인 외국인 근로자를 위한 커뮤니티 복합시설과 다목적 운동공간을 조성하고 공장인접 경계부에 도시환경 개선식재지를 조성하였다. 세영공원은 실버친화형, 자연생태형 유형으로 리뉴얼하였고 노인이용자들을 위한 커뮤니티시설과 숲속 생태체험공간, 식생수로를 계획하였다. 뫼골문화공원은 커뮤니티통합형, 지역자원형 유형으로 리뉴얼하였고 기존의 활성화되어 있는 뫼골문화회관에 연계하여 주민의 자율적 이용이 가능한 오픈필드를 계획하였고 다층림 테마숲 하부에 소통공간을 조성하였으며 노인원예활동 지원공간을 계획하였다. 큰구월공원은 어린이테마놀이형으로 리뉴얼하였고 어린이공원의 기본기능에 충실하도록 모험테마의 자연친화 놀이공간을 조성하였다. 리뉴얼 적용 대상공원의 리뉴얼 계획에는 환경생태, 시민참여, 공원서비스 강화 측면 의 미래가치가 모두 반영되었으며 계획의 공통점은 경관녹지를 조성하고 커뮤니티가 이루어질 수 있는 공간을 제공하였다. 녹지 내 순환산책로를 조성하였으며 환경성 개선을 위해 우수집수시설이나 수자원을 확보하였고 자연친화재료를 사용한 어린이 놀이시설과 투수포장면을 계획한 것이다. 녹지는 공원 조성 당시 식재된 교목이 오랜 시간동안 성장하여 공원의 자연자원이 되고 있으므로 이를 보존하고 아교목, 관목, 초본류의 하부 식재를 보완하여 경관성을 제고시키고 이용자들의 지속가능한 이용을 유도하였다. 도시 공원은 자연과의 접촉, 커뮤니티 통합, 지역의 정체성 반영을 통한 지역사회의 신체적· 정신적 건강증진을 위한 공공공간이 되어야 한다. 본 연구는 인천광역시 도시공원을 사례로 노후 도시공원을 리뉴얼하기 위한 평가도구를 개발하고 도시공원 조성 패러다임, 상위계획, 국내·외 도시공원의 새로운 패러다임의 방향성을 종합하여 환경생태, 시민참여, 공원서비스 강화의 미래가치 관점을 도출하였으며 미래가치 관점 반영을 통해 도시공원이 생태적 전환을 이루기 위한 리뉴얼 기법을 개발하였다. 도시환경 문제 해결을 위해 도시공원의 생태적 전환이 필요한 시대에 노후 도시공원을 체계적으로 평가하고 도시공원의 미래가치 패러다임에 유연하게 대응할 수 있는 리뉴얼 기법을 적용하면 도시공원은 생태적 전환을 이룰 수 있을 것이다. This study aims to develop an evaluation tool for the renewal of aging urban parks that were established during the quantitative expansion of green spaces but have become physically outdated and misaligned with contemporary paradigm shifts. By proposing renewal techniques that incorporate future values, the study seeks to achieve the ecological transformation of urban parks. The research focuses on 205 urban parks distributed across eight districts in Incheon Metropolitan City, selected for their high degree of park aging, as the city has the largest number of parks established over 20 years ago among the seven metropolitan cities, excluding Seoul. The park types studied include neighborhood parks, children's parks, cultural parks, and sports parks. The research process was structured into four main stages: theoretical review, methodology establishment, evaluation of aging urban parks, and development of renewal techniques. The evaluation of aging urban parks was conducted in two phases: (1) physical aging assessment and (2) performance evaluation. The physical aging assessment focused on three physical components of the parks: facilities, pathways, and green spaces, based on field survey data from 205 parks. From this evaluation, 56 parks with a physical aging ratio exceeding 10% of the park area were identified as highly deteriorated and selected for the second phase of performance evaluation. The performance evaluation consisted of six primary categories: spatial functionality, green functionality, environmental sustainability, convenience, maintenance, and accessibility, encompassing a total of 22 subcategories. Neighborhood and cultural parks were evaluated across all 22 subcategories, while children's parks were assessed on 20 subcategories, excluding "place identity" and "specialized elements" under spatial functionality. Among the 56 evaluated parks, those scoring below 60 points (out of 100) were classified as requiring renewal, while those scoring 60 points or higher were categorized for partial improvement. As a result, 32 parks were identified for renewal and 23 parks for partial improvement. The 32 parks classified as requiring renewal based on the performance evaluation results became the focus of this study's renewal approach. To establish directions for urban park renewal, the study identified future values of urban parks. The derivation was based on the paradigm of urban park development, the 2040 Incheon Metropolitan City Master Plan for Green Spaces, and emerging paradigms of urban parks domestically and internationally. For the analysis of new paradigms, eight exemplary cases of recently renewed urban parks were selected, representing contemporary urban park development paradigms. The identified new paradigms emphasize environmental ecology, citizen participation, and the enhancement of park services. The future values of urban parks were categorized into three main perspectives: environmental ecology, citizen participation, and the enhancement of park services. The future values from the environmental ecology perspective include six aspects: contact with nature, preservation of natural and ecological resources, carbon sequestration, urban environmental improvement, preservation and utilization of rainwater, and natural-material playground facilities. The citizen participation perspective highlights four values: user-centered environments, sustainable maintenance, citizen involvement, and community programs. The enhancement of park services focuses on five values: health and well-being, age-friendly and inclusive design, local identity and culture, community integration, and improved accessibility. Based on these perspectives, seven renewal types were identified. Environmental ecology types include nature-ecological, urban environment improvement, and children's thematic play. Park service enhancement types include health and wellness, senior-friendly, local resource-oriented, and community-integrated. The citizen participation perspective serves as a fundamental principle applicable to all renewal types. The optimal renewal type for each park can be determined based on evaluation results, surrounding land use, and the primary user demographic, with the possibility of combining multiple types to suit specific conditions. The renewal planning elements for urban parks were established to reflect future values, encompassing facilities, pathways, green spaces, spatial functionality, green functionality, environmental sustainability, convenience, maintenance, and accessibility. For facilities, user demands were considered during renovations, while pathwaysprioritized permeable paving. Green spaces aimed to achieve a sufficient greenery ratio. Spatial functionality focused on user-centered facilities and community-integrated spaces, and green functionality enhanced overall landscape aesthetics and applied urban environmental planting techniques. Environmental sustainability ensured the implementation of natural water circulation systems. Convenience emphasized eco-friendly facilities and natural-material pathways. Maintenance aimed for long-term sustainability, and accessibility focused on pathway connectivity and improved entry visibility. The renewal techniques were implemented in four selected parks, chosen from the ten lowest-scoring parks in the performance evaluation percentile rankings. The selection criteria focused on representativeness of park types and significance in reflecting the regional identity of Incheon. These included the Yusuji Park and Se-Young Park as neighborhood parks, the Muegol Cultural Park as a cultural park, and the Keun-Guwol Park as a children's park. For Yusuji Park, renewal adopted the health and wellness type and urban environment improvement type, featuring a community complex for foreign workers, a multipurpose sports area, and urban environmental planting along industrial boundaries. Se-Young Park was renewed as a senior-friendly and nature-ecological type, incorporating community facilities for elderly users, forest ecological experience zones, and vegetated waterways. Muegol Cultural Park followed the community-integrated and local resource-oriented types, establishing an open field linked to the active Muegol Cultural Center, a communication space beneath a multi-layered forest theme area, and horticulture activity zones for the elderly. Keun-Guwol Park was redesigned as a children's thematic play type, creating nature-friendly adventure-themed play spaces to fulfill the essential functions of a children's park. The renewal plans for the selected urban parks incorporated future values from the perspectives of environmental ecology, citizen participation, and enhanced park services. Common elements of the plans included the creation of landscaped green spaces, provision of community spaces, establishment of circular walking trails within green areas, and installation of rainwater harvesting or water resource facilities to improve environmental sustainability. Natural materials were used for children's play facilities and permeable paving. Mature trees, which have grown over time and become valuable natural resources, were preserved, while understory planting of sub-trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants was enhanced to improve landscape aesthetics and promote sustainable use by visitors. Urban parks should serve as public spaces that facilitate contact with nature, integrate communities, and reflect regional identity, thereby contributing to the physical and mental well-being of local residents. This study developed an evaluation tool for the renewal of aging urban parks, focusing on case studies of parks in Incheon Metropolitan City. By synthesizing urban park development paradigms, higher-level plans, and new domestic and international paradigms, the study derived future value perspectives of environmental ecology, citizen participation, and enhanced park services. Renewal techniques were developed to achieve ecological transformation by incorporating these perspectives. In an era where ecological transformation of urban parks is essential to address urban environmental challenges, the systematic evaluation of aging parks and the application of renewal techniques aligned with future value paradigms can enable urban parks to achieve their ecological potential.

공동주택 지하주차장 평면형태 및 환기구의 배치에 따른 공기유동에 관한 연구

박성원 부산대학교 2010 국내석사

The study on the airflow based on the array of ventilator and plan of the underground parking lot in apartment As demands of the residents have been variously changing according to the construction of the apartment house and the fast economic growth, the construction companies spurs the development of the apartment house flavored with environmental friendly factors. Also because of the multiple apartment project, the basement car park alone can not handle the rapid growth of the vehicles and the resident puts more and more emphasis on securing car park space for the freedom from the vehicles on the ground and for the safety of their children. Recently, as the interest about natural energy, the tendency minimizing the mechanical energy also appears. According to this trend, there has been growing attempts in order to apply the environmental friendly technologies to the apartment house. But the reality is that the systems doesn't virtually function well because the existing mechanical systems are applied. Consequently, the deterioration of the air and the brightness in the basement car park exacerbates the environments of the basement car park. And the study on the feasibility of the natural ventilation according to the unit-plan type of the basement car park and the performance of the skylight, is still insignificant. Thus, in this study, we intend to simulate, through the CFD, the air current by natural driving power by classifying the existing basement car parks into the unit-plan type and the direction of the vehicle traffic. Through classifying the existing basement car parks by the type of vehicle traffic that is the type of arrangement such as one-way or bidirectional traffic and deploying the ventilating openings by 3 types which enables the skylights, linked the ground for the purpose of collecting the light, play the role of ventilation at the same time, we forecast the air current of the basement car park by using CFD(Computational Fluids Dynamics) and, based on that, suggest the plan to improve the ventilating function of the basement car park by utilizing the natural ventilation. In this study, we research the general theories, that is 'the ventilation theory of underground space and the test method of ventilating performance' and interpret, through CFD, the air current of the target models according to the layout of the ventilation openings based on mean of air age and air exchange effectiveness by using computer simulation. As a result, we draw the conclusion as follows: (1) In respect of the air age according to the type of the vehicle traffic such as one way traffic and bidirectional traffic, the bidirectional traffic shows 30,405 seconds while 14,070 seconds in one way traffic indicating that the one way traffic abates by more than 50%. Therefore, the air of the basement car park with one way traffic has superior air quality because of its' shorter air age. (2) In case of the existing basement car parks, Case A' air exchange rate is 4.44 while 7.76 times/h in Case B and 1.94 times/h in Case C. It appears comparatively small in Case C. We can draw the conclusion, through this finding, that the placement of several natural ventilators in the middle and on the edge is more effective than the placement of the natural ventilator with big area in the middle when placing natural ventilator. (3) In case of Case B where the installation is in the middle and on the edge of the basement car park, it appears excellent in both the air exchange and the air age, but the effective area of the space on the ground abates. There requires a plan for the placement accordingly. (4) In case of Case C where the circular air-vent with the smallest area of air-vent is installed, the velocity of air current appears the fastest. Thus, it seems that there requires the research on the appropriate size and the layout plan of the circular air-vents for the purpose of the increase of effective space on the ground. It is also necessary to comprehend the appropriate locations in order to improve the performance of the natural ventilation, through examining the characteristic of the air current according to the type of ventilating openings installed in the basement car park, the velocity of the current, the pressure distribution and the installation of the auxiliary equipments for the natural ventilation.

Genetic analysis of PARK2 gene in Korean patients with Parkinson's disease

박인원 忠南大學校 新藥專門大學院 2016 국내박사

Mutations in PARK2 are considered a common cause of Parkinson’s disease (PD). To assess the frequency of PARK2 mutations in the Korean population, we screened the PARK2 gene in 83 Korean PD patients: two young onset (YO, ≤49), 32 middle onset (MO, 50-69) and 49 late onset (LO, 70). Detection of the point mutations was performed by direct sequencing of the PARK2 exons, and exonic rearrangements were analyzed using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Five known PARK2 variants were identified in 53 (63.9%) of the Korean PD patients: two missense mutations (Y267H and M458L) and three polymorphisms (S167N, L272I and V380L). We also found an increased frequency of PARK2 variants in PD patients and a lowered PD age at onset (AAO) in those having two variants, suggesting that the genetic variation in PARK2 gene might be a genetic risk factor of PD in Korean population.

大韓射擊聯盟會長 朴鐘圭의 生涯史

박재구 동덕여자대학교 일반대학원 2011 국내박사

T he purpose of this study is to examine the life history of Mr. Park Jong-Gyu, the former president of the Korea Shooting Federation (KSF), so that it focuses upon analyzing his activities in Korean shooting and physical education / sport world while he was in life, and re-highlights potential influence of his activities on domestic shooting and physical education / sport world in Korea. In order to meet these goals, this study set the following questions: First, which activities was Park committed to in Korean shooting sport world? Secondly, which activities was Park committed to in Korean physical education / sport world? This study used literature examination (including historical evidences) and in-depth interview to analyze these two questions. As a result, this study came to the following findings: First, in terms of activities for Korean shooting sport world, Park played a leading role in foundation of Taereung International Shooting Range and successfully holding the 2nd Asian Shooting Championships as the Korean first international shooting tournament. He promoted positive use of this range as a representative training ground for national shooting team members and also contributed to development of shooting as a national sport category. And the 42nd ISSF World Shooting Championships were successfully held in Korea under the influence of Park's leadership, so that Korean sport world and national credibility were recovered from loss of prestige in past. Based on confidence built with successful results of the 42nd championships, Park proposed the application for Seoul's candidacy of the 10th Asian Games (1986) and the 24th Olympic Games (1988) to the Ministry of Culture and Education and the President. And Park was assigned for the vice president of the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF), so he could take a position to play leading roles in international shooting sport world in the future for the higher standing of Korean shooting sport. Moreover, he tried to ensure that Korea qualifies for host country of various international championships, so that they could enhance the national prestige of Korea and demonstrate the development of Korean shooting sport on international arena. Furthermore, he established a variety of national shooting championships in Korea and played an absolute role of leadership in improving the match performance of Korean shooting sport and extending the base of Korean shooting players. Next, Park founded 10 financial group shooting teams through Shooting Championships for the Standard of Minister of Finance, so that the championships could play a pivotal role in development of Korean shooting sport. In addition, he developed workshops for shooting sport leaders and game management personnel to foster manpower required for developing Korean shooting sport. These activities of Mr. Park in Korean shooting sport world have a significant implication in the history of Korean sport in view of their contribution to the development of Korean shooting sport. Secondly, Mr. Park rolled out positive activities in Korean physical education and sport and played a leading role in qualification of Seoul for host city of the 24th Olympic Games in 1988, so that it contributed to enhancing the national pride of Korea and demonstrating the stature of Korean sport to the world. He proposed to apply for Seoul's candidacy of the 24th Olympic Games that appeared impossible in the capacity of Korea, a then developing country and divided nation at those days, and played a critical role in hosting the 24th Olympic Games. At the same time, Mr. Park made a final decision to apply for Seoul's candidacy of the 10th Asian Games (1986) and actually applied for it to the Asian Games Federation (AGF). In addition, he made efforts to host international championships of various sport events, so that he contributed to globalization of Korean sport. And Park opened international division in each sport organization of Korea with a view to globalization of Korean physical education and sport, and thereby tried to improve administrative structures of the Korean Amateur Athletic Association (KAAA) and expand sport facilities (such as movement of sport hall). Also, Park opened Coach Academy and developed practical ways to improve the match performance of sport players (e.g. raising research pension and awarding the Order of Sport Merit for players who contributed to enhancing the national prestige of Korea through medals). This way, he could contribute to the development of Korean sport. Conclusively, these remarkable activities of Mr. Park Jong-Gyu in the Korean physical education and sport world have a great implication for the history of Korean sport because of their positive influence on development of Korean physical education and sport world. 본 연구의 목적은 대한사격연맹회장 박종규의 생애를 통하여 사격 및 체육·스포츠계의 활동을 중점적으로 분석하고, 그의 활동이 국내사격 및 체육·스포츠계에 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는지를 재조명하는데 있다. 이에 연구문제를 다음과 같이 설정하였다. 첫째, 박종규의 한국 사격계 활동은 무엇인가? 둘째, 박종규의 한국 체육·스포츠계 활동은 무엇인가? 이상과 같은 연구문제를 사료고증 등의 문헌고찰 방법과 심층면담법을 병행하여 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 박종규의 한국 사격계 활동으로, 태릉국사격장을 건립하여 한국 최초의 국제사격대회인 제2회 아시아사격선수권대회를 성공적으로 개최하고, 국가대표선수 훈련장으로 활용하였으며, 사격을 국민스포츠로 발전시켰다. 그리고 제42회 세계사격선수권대회를 성공적으로 개최하여 이전 실추된 한국스포츠의 위상과 국가공신력을 회복시켰고, 이 대회를 통해 자신감을 갖고 ’86서울아시아경기대회와 ’88서울올림픽경기대회의 유치신청을 문교부와 대통령에게 건의하였다. 또 박종규 본인은 세계사격연맹 부회장에 선임되는 등 앞으로 국제 사격계에서 주도적 역할을 할 수 있는 위치를 확보해 한국사격의 위상을 높였다. 이외에 각종 국제대회를 유치하여 국위선양과 한국사격의 발전상을 국제적으로 과시하였고, 각종 국내대회를 창설하여 한국 사격 경기력 향상과 선수저변 확대에 절대적 역할을 하였다. 그리고 박종규는 재무부장관기쟁탈사격대회를 통해 10개 금융단팀을 창단해 한국 사격발전에 중추적 역할을 담당케 하였다. 또 지도자 강습회와 심판 및 경기운영요원 강습회를 통해 한국 사격발전에 필요한 인력을 양성하였다. 이 같은 박종규의 한국 사격계 활동은 한국 사격발전의 기여도로 보아 체육사적으로 큰 의미를 가진다. 둘째, 박종규의 한국 체육·스포츠계 활동으로, ’88서울올림픽경기대회 유치에 주도적인 역할을 하여 민족적 자긍심을 고취시키고 한국 스포츠의 위상을 전세계에 널리 과시하였다. 당시 개발도상국이고 분단국으로서의 우리나라 여건으로는 도저히 불가능해 보였던 올림픽경기대회 유치를 건의하고, 이 대회 유치에 결정적 역할을 하였다. 동시에 ’86서울아시아경기대회 유치의 타당성과 시의성을 검토한 결과, 아시아경기연맹에 유치신청을 하였다. 이 외에도 각 종목의 국제대회를 유치하여 한국스포츠의 세계화에 기여하였다. 그리고 박종규는 우리나라 체육·스포츠의 국제화를 위해 각 경기단체에 국제부를 두고, 대한체육회의 행정 구조를 개선하였으며, 체육회관 이전 등 시설확충에도 노력하였다. 또 그는 코치아카데미를 개설하고, 국위선양 선수에게는 연구연금 증대 및 체육훈장 수여 등 경기력향상을 위한 방안을 마련하여 한국 스포츠 발전에 기여하였다. 이와 같은 박종규의 한국 체육·스포츠계 활동은 한국 체육·스포츠계의 발전에 미친 영향으로 보아 체육사적으로 큰 의미가 있다.

Adequacy evaluation of urban park provision considering accessibility and amenity by age and gender cohorts

박시진 한양대학교 대학원 2022 국내석사

강동구 도시 녹지축 기능 활성화를 위한 도시공원의 생태적 리뉴얼 방안 연구

박정아 서울시립대학교 2020 국내석사

The purpose of this study was to prepare an ecological renewal plan for urban parks and to propose a design plan that applied the plan to targeted parks with high environmental and ecological value located in the green axis of the city. The current condition of Gangdong-gu and urban parks were analyzed, and the land use and green space rate, park green space, and green axis status of Gangdong-gu were analyzed and used as basic data for selecting a renewal site. There were a total of 54 parks in Gangdong-gu including 2 neighborhood parks and 52 children's parks. The renewal site was selected through a step-by-step status review. In the first phase of the current status review, 17 parks were extracted through locational value analysis, such as whether the park is located on or adjacent to the natural axis and green axis. In the second stage, eight of the first stage extraction parks were selected based on the ratio of green space and open space in each park service area. In the 3rd stage, two places were selected from the 2nd stage extraction park through the legal or non-compliance of the park area, and in the 4th stage, 1 location was selected from the 3rd stage extraction park through the aging survey of the park. Through the step-by-step review process, the Sunlin Children's Park extracted in step 4, the Dangmal children's park extracted in step 3, and the Sammul Children's Park extracted in step 2 were selected as renewal targets. In order to grasp the urban ecological status of the renewal site, the land use status, soil cover status, and planting structure status of the site were investigated. The total area of ​​Sunlin Children's Park is 1,575㎡, and the green area occupies 18.3% and the facility area 81.7%, so the green area does not meet the legal standards, and the soil cover has a high impervious paving area of ​​48.1%. It consisted of 19.8% single-layer structure and 16.6% multi-layer structure. The total area of ​​the Dangmal children's park was 2,409㎡, and 41% of the green area and 59% of the facility area, but since the lower part of the park was used as a public parking lot for the Cheonho 3-dong, it was a park built on artificial ground, so the natural ground area was only 1.5%. The impermeable pavement area was 48.9%, the park's central pavement was wide, and the planting structure was composed of a single-layer structure of 26.7% and a double-layer structure of 14.2%, and some woody layers were good, but the lower vegetation was poor. The total area of ​​the Sammul Children's Park was 992㎡, the green area was 45.3%, the facility area was 54.7%, the impervious paving area was 34.5%. The current status of planting structure is 8.0% for single-layered structures and 37.3% for double-layered structures. The woody layer had good growth status, but some dense plantings needed to be managed. Comprehensive status of the three renewable sites, the green area was insufficient from 18.3% to 45.3%, and the area of ​​the facility was 54.7% to 81.7%, indicating that the effect of reducing city temperature was low. The impervious pavement area was 34.5% to 48.9% of the park area, and it was judged that the water circulation function was lost because it occupied most of the facility area. The planting structure consisted of a single-layered structure and a double-layered structure, and the woody layer was good, but the lower vegetation was poor. There was no food plant plantation or large tree plantation, so biodiversity was low. Therefore, three renewable sites have a large facility area, high impervious paving rate, and a simple planting structure in a green area with a small green area. As a result, considering the urban ecological aspect, the effect of reducing the city temperature is low, the water circulation function is lost, and the biodiversity function is also judged to be very low. After the ecological renewal design, the area and ratio of the entropy reduction plan, water circulation plan, and biodiversity plan were compared before and after. Sunlin Children's Park has increased natural green space from 18.3% to 40.6%, facility area decreased from 81.7% to 59.4%, pervious pavement and niche pervious pavement increased to 49.6%. Multi-layered planting and food plant planting and large tree planting site 31.3% were newly created. After renewal, the park's ecological area rate increased from 21.4% to 66.2%. Dangmal children's park increased from 41.0% to 52.2% in green space, decreased from 59% to 47.8% in facility area, and increased permeability and niche permeability area to 39.7%. Multi-layered planting and food plant planting and large tree planting site 38.2% were newly created. After renewal, the park's ecological area rate increased from 29.1% to 49.5%. Saemmul Children's Park increased from 45.3% to 48.9% of natural ground greenery, facility area decreased from 54.7% to 51.1%, and increased permeability and niche permeability area to 51.1%. Multi-layered planting and food plant planting and large tree planting site 36.5% were newly created. After renewal, the park's ecological area rate increased from 49.1% to 70.2%. Due to the increase in the ratio of green space composition, the city temperature will have a reduction effect of over 1.44℃ compared to the urbanized area without green space, and the water circulation function will be enhanced and the ecological area ratio will be increased more than 1.4 times by securing the permeable paving area. In order to create a biodiversity base, a multi-layered planting site and a food plant planting site were proposed. As a result of ecologically renewed design of Seonlin Children's Park, Dangmal Children's Park, and Sammul Children's Park, which were selected as renewal targets among the parks in Gangdong-gu in this study, the ecological area ratio of each park increased by 1.4 to 3 times more than before. Looking at the urban park located on the urban green axis from the perspective of the urban ecosystem and ecologically renewing it, it is expected that the expected effect will be high in reducing the entropy in the urban ecosystem, improving the health of water circulation, and creating a foundation for biodiversity. Keywords: park function, urban ecosystem, water circulation, biodiversity, ecological area ratio 본 연구는 강동구의 조성형공원 중 도시 녹지축에 입지한 환경생태적인 가치가 높은 공원을 대상으로 도시공원의 생태적 리뉴얼 조성방안을 마련하고 조성방안을 적용한 설계를 제안하고자 하였다. 강동구의 개황과 도시공원 개황을 분석하고 강동구의 토지이용 및 녹지율현황, 공원녹지현황, 녹지축현황을 분석하여 리뉴얼 대상지 선정의 기초자료로 활용하였다. 강동구의 조성형공원은 근린공원 2개소, 어린이공원 52개소로 총 54개였으며 단계별 현황검토를 통하여 리뉴얼 대상지를 선정하였다. 현황검토 1단계에서는 공원이 자연축, 녹지축 상에 입지 및 인접 여부 등 입지적 가치 분석을 통해 17개소를 추출하였고, 2단계에서는 각 공원 서비스권역 내 녹지 및 오픈스페이스 비율을 바탕으로 1단계 추출 공원 중 8개소를 선정하였다. 3단계에서는 공원면적의 법적 기준 충족여부를 통해 2단계 추출 공원 중 2개소를 선정하였으며, 4단계에서는 공원의 노후화 조사를 통해 3단계 추출 공원 중 1개소를 선정하였다. 단계별 검토과정을 통해 4단계에서 추출한 선린어린이공원과 3단계에서 추출한 당말어린이공원, 2단계에서 추출한 샘물어린이공원을 리뉴얼 대상지로 선정하였다. 리뉴얼 대상지의 도시생태적 현황을 파악하기 위해 엔트로피 저감 측면에서 토지이용현황, 물순환 측면에서 토양피복현황, 생물다양성 측면에서 식재구조현황을 조사하였다. 선린어린이공원의 전체면적은 1,575㎡이고 녹지는 18.3%, 시설지는 81.7%를 차지하고 있어 녹지 면적이 법적 기준을 충족하지 못하였고 토양피복에서도 불투수포장지 면적이 48.1%로 높았으며 식재구조 현황은 단층구조 19.8%, 복층구조 16.6%로 이루어져 있었다. 당말어린이공원의 전체면적은 2,409㎡이고 녹지 41%, 시설지 59%였으나 공원 하부가 천호3동 공영주차장으로 이용되고 있어 인공지반 위에 조성된 공원이기 때문에 자연지반 녹지는 1.5%에 불과하였다. 불투수포장 면적이 48.9%로 공원 중앙부 포장지가 넓었으며 식재구조 현황은 단층구조 26.7%, 복층구조 14.2%로 이루어져 있고 일부 교목층은 양호하였으나 하부식생이 빈약하였다. 샘물어린이공원의 전체면적은 992㎡이고 녹지 45.3%, 시설지 54.7%였고 불투수포장 면적은 34.5%이었으며 식재구조 현황은 단층구조 8.0%, 복층구조 37.3%로 교목층은 생육현황이 양호하였으나 일부 밀집된 식재지는 관리가 필요하였다. 리뉴얼 대상지 3곳의 현황을 종합해보면 녹지면적은 18.3∼45.3%로 부족하였고 시설지 면적은 54.7∼81.7%로 높아 도시온도 저감효과가 낮은 것으로 판단되었다. 이 중 불투수 포장면적이 공원 면적의 34.5∼48.9%로 시설면적의 대부분을 차지하여 물순환 기능이 상실된 것으로 판단되었다. 식재구조는 단층구조와 복층구조로 이루어져 있고 교목층은 양호하였으나 하부식생이 빈약하였고 식이식물 식재지나 대경목 식재지는 없어 생물다양성이 낮은 상태였다. 따라서 리뉴얼 대상지 3곳은 시설 면적이 넓고, 불투수포장률이 높으며, 녹지 면적이 좁은 상태에 단순한 식재 구조로 도시생태적 측면에서 고찰해 보면 도시온도 저감효과가 낮고 물순환 기능이 상실되었으며 생물다양성 기능도 매우 낮은 것으로 판단되었다. 생태적 리뉴얼 설계 후 엔트로피 저감 계획, 물순환 계획, 생물다양성 계획의 면적 및 비율 전·후를 비교해 보면 선린어린이공원은 자연지반녹지는 18.3%에서 40.6%로 증가, 시설지는 81.7%에서 59.4%로 감소, 투수포장지와 틈새투수포장지는 49.6%로 증가, 다층구조 식재지 및 식이식물 식재지와 대경목 식재지 31.3% 신규 조성, 리뉴얼 후 공원 생태면적률은 21.4%에서 66.2%로 증가하였다. 당말어린이공원은 녹지는 41.0%에서 52.2%로 증가, 시설지는 59%에서 47.8%로 감소, 투수포장지와 틈새투수포장지는 39.7%로 증가, 다층구조 식재지 및 식이식물 식재지와 대경목 식재지 38.2% 신규 조성, 리뉴얼 후 공원 생태면적률은 29.1%에서 49.5%로 증가하였다. 샘물어린이공원은 자연지반녹지는 45.3%에서 48.9%로 증가, 시설지는 54.7%에서 51.1%로 감소, 투수포장지와 틈새투수포장지는 51.1%로 증가, 다층구조 식재지 및 식이식물 식재지와 대경목 식재지 36.5% 신규 조성, 리뉴얼 후 공원 생태면적율은 49.4%에서 70.2%로 증가하였다. 녹지 조성 비율 증가로 도시온도는 녹지가 없는 시가화 구역에 비해 1.44℃이상 저감효과가 있을 것이며, 투수포장면적 확보로 물순환 기능이 증진되고 생태면적율이 1.4배 이상 증가되었다. 생물다양성 기반 조성을 위해 다층구조 식재지와 식이식물 식재지 조성을 제안하였다. 본 연구에서 강동구의 조성형공원 중 리뉴얼 대상지로 선정한 선린어린이공원, 당말어린이공원, 샘물어린이공원을 생태적으로 리뉴얼 설계한 결과 공원별 생태면적율은 리뉴얼 전보다 1.4∼3배 이상 증가하였다. 도시 녹지축에 입지한 도시공원을 도시생태계의 관점으로 바라보고 이를 생태적으로 리뉴얼하면 도시생태계 측면에서 엔트로피 저감, 물순환 건강성 향상, 생물다양성 기반조성에 기대효과가 높을 것으로 판단된다.