Effects of Traditional Chinese Cooking Methods on Formation of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Lamb Patties

Haitao Guo,Zhenyu Wang,Han Pan,Xin Li,Li Chen,Weili Rao,Yuan Gao,Dequan Zhang 한국식품과학회 2014 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.23 No.3

Different amounts of the potent mutagenic and/or carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) areformed in muscle-based foods under different cookingmethods. HAAs (9 varieties) in lamb patties cooked usingtraditional Chinese cooking methods (roasting, frying, panfrying,and stewing in seasonings) were investigated. Thetotal HAAs contents in roasted, fried, pan-fried, and stewedpatties were 4.39-123.15 ng/g, 3.59-43.24 ng/g, 0.71-10.05ng/g, and 51.07-120.32 ng/g, respectively. Amounts of HAAsincreased as cooking time increased. 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP) was the dominantHAAs in deep roasted and fried samples, while 1-methyl-9H-pyrido [3,4-b] indole (Harman) and 9H-pyrido [3,4-b]indole (Norharman) were the main HAAs in pan-fried andstewed samples. Types and contents of HAAs formed atdifferent cooking times using different methods are unique. Stewing in seasoning generated a higher HAAs contentthan the high-temperature cooking methods roasting,frying, and pan-frying.

Comparative proteomic analysis of parasitic loranthus seeds exposed to dehydration stress

Limei Pan,Lingyun Wan,Lili He,Lisha Song,Hairong Long,Xiaowen Ji,Ni Jiang,Juan Huo,Shugen Wei,Jine Fu 한국식물생명공학회 2021 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.15 No.1

Parasitic loranthus [Taxillus chinensis (DC.) Danser] is an important medicinal plant that produces recalcitrant seeds that are sensitive to dehydration. Desiccation tolerance is critical for the survival of recalcitrant seeds in low-moisture environments. Clarifying how these seeds respond to desiccation is important for long-term conservation. Thus, the viability, germination, microstructure, and antioxidant enzyme activities of dehydrated parasitic loranthus seeds were investigated. Diverse organelles were degraded or deformed during dehydration treatments. Additionally, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities gradually decreased in response to desiccation stress. A proteomic analysis involving TMT-labeling and LC–MS/ MS were performed. A total of 1479 proteins were identifed, of which 141 were diferentially expressed proteins (DEPs) at 16 and 36 h after initiating the dehydration treatments. A functional annotation based on gene ontology revealed that the DEPs were mainly localized in chloroplasts and were related to energy metabolism, responses to stimuli, and the regulation of biological processes. A KEGG pathway enrichment analysis determined that several of the identifed proteins were associated with signal transductions, photosynthesis, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. The results suggest that the efcient removal of excessive ROS amounts may be crucial for promoting parasitic loranthus seed germination under dehydration stress conditions. A series of candidate dehydration stress-related proteins were identifed and may be relevant for enhancing the dehydration tolerance of the recalcitrant seeds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the frst study to elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the sensitivity of recalcitrant parasitic loranthus seeds to dehydration via a proteomic analysis involving TMT-labeling.

OSI-027 alleviates rapamycin insensitivity by modulation of mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling in hyperoxia-induced lung injury infant rats

Long Li,Liang Mulin,Yanling Liu,Wang Pan,Dang Hongxing 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2021 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.17 No.3

Background The mechanism of long time and high-concentration oxygen treatment leading to acute lung injury (ALI) or developmental lung disease in infants is currently unclear. Here we found that compared with the effect of rapamycin, pan-mTOR1/2 inhibitor OSI-027, alleviates hyperoxia-induced lung injury (HILI) by modulation of mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling in infant rats. Objective Infant rats were treated with continuous inhalation of 90% medical oxygen. Normal saline, rapamycin, or OSI-027 was intraperitoneally injected, and the status of lung injury was tested on days 3, 7, and 14. The activation of mTOR/AKT/TGFβ1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis in normal and hyperoxia-treated live precision-cut lung tissues. The inhibitory effect of OSI-027 extended to the active state of other proteins implicated in mTOR1/2 signaling was demonstrated in hyperoxia-induced injured lung tissues. Results Our data demonstrate that hyperoxia-induced serious lung inflammation and fibrosis. OSI-027 significantly attenuated the pathological process of HILI, inhibit the phosphorylation of the primary downstream targets of mTORC1/C2, and reduce the activation of TGF-β1 signaling. Conclusions The results suggest that mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and the rapamycin-insensitive mTORC1/4E-BP1 (Thr37/46) signaling has an important effect during HILI with a potential meaning for the progress of novel anti-hyperoxia-injury strategies. Background The mechanism of long time and high-concentration oxygen treatment leading to acute lung injury (ALI) or developmental lung disease in infants is currently unclear. Here we found that compared with the effect of rapamycin, pan-mTOR1/2 inhibitor OSI-027, alleviates hyperoxia-induced lung injury (HILI) by modulation of mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling in infant rats. Objective Infant rats were treated with continuous inhalation of 90% medical oxygen. Normal saline, rapamycin, or OSI-027 was intraperitoneally injected, and the status of lung injury was tested on days 3, 7, and 14. The activation of mTOR/AKT/TGFβ1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis in normal and hyperoxia-treated live precision-cut lung tissues. The inhibitory effect of OSI-027 extended to the active state of other proteins implicated in mTOR1/2 signaling was demonstrated in hyperoxia-induced injured lung tissues. Results Our data demonstrate that hyperoxia-induced serious lung inflammation and fibrosis. OSI-027 significantly attenuated the pathological process of HILI, inhibit the phosphorylation of the primary downstream targets of mTORC1/C2, and reduce the activation of TGF-β1 signaling. Conclusions The results suggest that mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and the rapamycin-insensitive mTORC1/4E-BP1 (Thr37/46) signaling has an important effect during HILI with a potential meaning for the progress of novel anti-hyperoxia-injury strategies.

벤처기업의 아웃소싱 사례연구

강판국 한국중소기업학회 2003 기업가정신과 벤처연구 Vol.6 No.1

대동바이오텍은 본래 자동차부품의 UV 코팅을 전문으로 하는 소기업이었으나 우연히 저온에서도 원적외선이 방사되는 희귀성 약돌(pegmatite)로 만든 건강 팔찌를 만들어 주변 친지들에게 판매하게 되었다. 이를 사용해본 주변의 많은 사람들이 건강상에 좋으니 본격적으로 개발해보라는 권유에 따라 대학의 창업보육센터에 입주하였고, 지엽적 시장을 벗어나기 위하여 약돌을 미세분말하여 원단에 코팅처리한 원단을 이용하여 헬스 다이어트복을 개발하기로 결정하였다. 제품의 효능을 과학적으로 증명하여 소비자들에게 제품의 신뢰도를 높이고자 경북대학교의 물질화학연구소의 이광필 박사에게 의하였다. 연구프로젝트는 진행 내용은 다음과 같다. 1. 저온에서 원적외선이 방사되는 미세분말 코팅 섬유원단을 개발 2. 저온에서 원적외선이 방사되는 미세분말 코팅 섬유원단의 특성분석 3. 저온에서 원적외선이 방사되는 미세분말 코팅 섬유원단 헬스다이어트복 개발 4. 기능성 헬스다이어트복의 임상실험을 통한 신체에 미치는 효과측정 과학적 데이터가 갖추어져 상품의 신뢰도가 높아졌으므로 제품의 전국적 대량시장으로 확장시켜 나가기 위해서 벤처기업의 시장진입 모델 연구를 호서대학교 강판국 교수와 산학연구가 체결되어 진행 프로젝트 내용은 다음과 같다. 1. 제품의 디자인과 브랜드 'PANTAS'의 전략화 이성훈 교수의 자문하에 상표의 디자인과 브랜드를 바꾸고 상표등록 2. 매스미디어의 활용 매스컴의 벤처기업의 신개발품 신상품코너를 이용 제품 및 브랜드의 홍보 3. 마케팅 채널의 선택 1) 타켓 마케팅 전략: 헬스센터, 스포츠 센터/전문점을 이용한 판매전략 2) 다단계판매망을 통한 직접 판매채널 3) 전국적 대리점을 구축 4) 판매의 아웃소싱 벤처기업들의 대부분은 자원 및 기업 인프라의 부족이라는 태생적 문제를 여전히 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점들에 대한 해결의 단초를 제공할 수 있는 것이 아웃소싱 전략이다. 대학의 창업보육센터에 입주한 후 대학의 신뢰도와 인적인 네트워크를 이용하게 되었고 기술적 아웃소싱을 통하여 제품의 효능에 대해 과학적 증명을 통해 신뢰도를 높일 수 있었다. 경영적 아웃소싱을 통해 제품의 브랜드화, 매스미디어를 활용한 마케팅 프로모우션, 다양한 마케팅 채널 탐색과 전략을 전개해 볼 수 있었다. Daedong Bio-Tech Co. was a small business, whose primary business being UV coating of automobile parts. Daedong started to make health bracelets made of yakdol(pegmatite) emanating far-infrared rays and sold them to close acquaintances. Those who used the bracelet found that it helped their health. Encouraged by their responses, Daedong entered a business incubator operated by Keimyung University, and started to make health diet sportswear using fabrics coated with the powder of yak-dol. To secure consumer's confidence on the product by scientifically proving the effects of the product, the research was outsourced to The Material Chemical Research Institute of Kyungpook National University. The research showed that exercising wearing the product which emanates far infrared rays helps reduce fat through heightened body metabolism and the rapid circulation of the blood. This result helped Daedong to acquire confidences of consumers and distributors. The research project was conducted as follows. First, develop a fiber that emanates far-infrared light under normal temperature. Second, analyze the characteristics of a fiber that emanates far-infrared light under normal temperature. Third, develop health sportswear using the developed fiber. Fourth, measure the health effects of the sportswear through clinical tests. Also, developing marketing strategy was outsoursed to Prof. Kang Pan Kuk of Heseo University, and the project was was conducted as follows. 1. build a design and brand strategy 2. take full advantage of free mass media, such as new products introduction columns for venture companies 3. Selection of sales channel 1) determine the target market : health center, sports center/specialy stores 2) direct sales through network-marketing company 3) build up an nationwide agency 4) outsourcing of marketing function

Crack propagation in flexural fatigue of concrete using rheological-dynamical theory

Aleksandar Pančić,Dragan D. Milašinović,Danica Goleš 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2021 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.27 No.1

The concrete fatigue analysis can be performed with the use of fracture mechanics. The fracture mechanics defines the fatigue crack propagation as the relationship of crack growth rate and stress intensity factor. In contrast to metal, the application of fracture mechanics to concrete is more complicated and therefore many authors have introduced empirical expressions using Paris law. The topic of this paper is development of a new prediction of fatigue crack propagation for concrete using rheological-dynamical analogy (RDA) and finite element method (FEM) in the frame of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). The static and cyclic fatigue three-point bending tests on notched beams are considered. Verification of the proposed approach was performed on the test results taken from the literature. The comparison between the theoretical model and experimental results indicates that the model proposed in this paper is valid to predict the crack propagation in flexural fatigue of concrete.

고강도 철근과 콘크리트 강도수준에 따른 최적조합에 관한 연구

최판길,이봉학 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2006 産業技術硏究 Vol.26 No.B

The reinforced concrete structure is one of the most popular structures in real construction, Concrete has been strengtened rapidly due to the development of new material and construction technology. But as the concrete has been getting stronger, the brittleness of material has increased and the better ductility has been required. So, the study for strengthening stiffener has been urgently needed. As we said above, it is expected that the use of high strength steel and concrete will be increased. However, The experimental data is not enough for solving problems of the use of high strengthened steel and concrete. In this research, we analyzed 45 combinations of the strength levels of concrete, the thickness of material and the steel strength with regard to simple Reinforced Concrete SLAB Beam bridge. The program MIDAS CIVIL was used to find the optimal combination. As a result, it was found that strength ratio per unit section is in inverse proportion to the strength of material and that the strengths of steel are respectively 400 MPa for low strengthened concrete and 300 MPa for high strengthened concrete. For economic aspect and usability, the effect of high strength steel is not as high as we expected it would be.

이원수의 '메아리 소년'에 나타난 통일지향성

오판진 한국문학교육학회 2002 문학교육학 Vol.10 No.-

This thesis intends to research how the Juvenile literatures of Lee won soo's Juvenile literatures deals with the issues of the Korean War and the partition of the Korean Peninsula. I would like to create a lesson plan for Lee won soo's Juvenile literatures. To achieve this aim. I have selected the story, 'An Echo Boy' and developed an analysis of it with regarding to unification. 'An Echo Boy' is an excellent work among the Juvenile literatures of Lee won soo. This work shows the suffering of the people through the Korean War and the partition of the Korean Peninsula. We can divide characters are 'Min-I', Min-i's father and mother. his stepmother, a naked woman, and Jung-nim's brother. The negative people are the civic teacher, chunchon aunt, a bad youth, a liquer store customer. The positive people are a class teacher, a rice dealer named Mr. park. So-young, Jung-nim, and Min-i. Each set of characters has a significance in the story. This person pattern has an important meaning. The sufferers are opposed to war. The story. The people have the partition ideology. And the positive people have a strong unified nation. Through these people patterns, Lee won-soo successfully addresses the uses of his works. And this essay handles teaching-learning method for Lee won soo's idea, too. There are many other authors besides Lee won soo who created good works about the Korean War and the partition of the Korean Peninsula. They are Ma hae-song, Kueon jung-sang, etc. I hope to research these people and make a comparative study of them next time.

重合體의 放射線 效果 : Polyethylene

盧鈑愚 全北大學校 文理科大學 1977 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

The radiation effct for polyethylene on the view of dynamical deterioration or mechanical characteristics is most practical. Howerer, the exisiting theories pertaining to any of subjects do not appear to have progressed enough to lead to a consistent interpretation of the observed phenomena. Thus we investigated the radiation effect for the samples(5^Mrad, 10, 15, 20^Mrad) being irradiated form Co^60 amd Ra-radiation.

合成樹脂製品의 有害成分 溶出에 關한 硏究

김판채,하백현 漢陽大學校環境科學硏究所 1987 環境科學論文集 Vol.8 No.-

國民의 生活向上에 따라 保建衛生問題의 關心度가 날로 高潮되어 가고있다. 本 硏究에서는 우리의 생활과 密接한 關係가 있는 市中의 合成樹脂製 食卓用品을 수거하여 이들에 對한 有害性 與否를 分析, 檢討하였다. IR에 의한 定性分析으로 材質을 알았으며, 물 및 4% 醋酸을 사용하여 溶出시켰을때와 材質에 대한 Pb 및 Cd의 함량을 AA로 측정하였으며, 衛生實驗은 KMnO₄消費量, 蒸發殘留物, 페놀定性, 포름알데히드定性 및 着色料 溶出의 項目을 選定하여 分析實驗을 하였다. 實驗結果 Pb 및 Cd 含量은 全體試料가 保社部 告示 基準値 以下로 나타났다. 그러나 衛生實驗에서 melamine 樹脂로 만든 것중 蒸發殘留物은 保社部 告示 基準値 30ppm 以上인 것이 1種으로 41.5ppm을 나타내었고 KMnO₄消費量은 保社部 告市 基準値 10PPM 以上이 2種으로 19.8ppm, 20.3ppm을 나타내었다. 포름알데히드 定性分析에서는 4種의 對照液보다 진하게 나타났다. 따라서 食卓用品은 完全히 安心할 수 있는 것은 아니며 特히 melamine 樹脂의 使用이 높아가는 實情인데 可能하면 포름알데히드毒性이 없는 olefin 樹脂와 polystyrene 樹脂를 使用하는 것이 좋을 것으로 생각된다. The problems for the harmful components diffusion from the kitchenware made by synthetic plastics have been closed up recently as improving the life level conditions. The object of this study is to measure chemical harmful components in kitchenware made by plastics, which is closely connected with our civilized living. The sample plastic wares were collected in market. The samples PP, PS.. and Melamine resin were identified by infrared spectrophotometry. The samples were extracted by using water and 4% acetic acid. The extracted lead and cadmium contents were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The experiments for sanitary aspects were made for the consumption of potassium permanganate, evaporated residue, qualitative analysis of phenol, formaldehyde and extraction of coloring matter. It was found that the lead and cadmium contents of the testing samples showed below allowable standard amount but in sanitary test, some of melamine resin showed that one kind of samples (Sample No.21) contained 41.5ppm over allowable level 30ppm for evaporated residue and the other two samples(Sample No.21.23) showed 19.8ppm and 20.3ppm over allowable level 10ppm for consumption of potassium permanganate. In formaldehyde analysis, four samples(Sample No.21.23.31.32) showed also higher concentration. It is, therefore, concluded that current plastic wares, such as melamine resin, in market is still required to choose cautiously because the melamine resin demand is increasing nowadays. It conclusion, it is preferable for the health to make the kitchenware with olefin resin or polystyrene resin, if possible, that are completely free from formaldehyde.

컴퓨터 시스템 억세스 統制의 監査에 關한 硏究

韓判岩 慶南大學校 附設 工業技術硏究所 1986 硏究論文集 Vol.4 No.-

이 論文은 컴퓨터 시스템 억세스 統制의 監査를 通하여 컴퓨터 시스템의 保安을 增進시키기 위한 것이다. 그런데 이 監査는 不正의 防止와 不正의 發見이라는 두가지 觀點에서 實施되어야 한다. The aim of this thesis is to promote the security of computer system through the study on audit of computer system access control. Therefore, the audit has to be carried out from two points of view: the prevention and discovery of faults.