Effects of Traditional Chinese Cooking Methods on Formation of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Lamb Patties

Haitao Guo,Zhenyu Wang,Han Pan,Xin Li,Li Chen,Weili Rao,Yuan Gao,Dequan Zhang 한국식품과학회 2014 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.23 No.3

Different amounts of the potent mutagenic and/or carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) areformed in muscle-based foods under different cookingmethods. HAAs (9 varieties) in lamb patties cooked usingtraditional Chinese cooking methods (roasting, frying, panfrying,and stewing in seasonings) were investigated. Thetotal HAAs contents in roasted, fried, pan-fried, and stewedpatties were 4.39-123.15 ng/g, 3.59-43.24 ng/g, 0.71-10.05ng/g, and 51.07-120.32 ng/g, respectively. Amounts of HAAsincreased as cooking time increased. 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP) was the dominantHAAs in deep roasted and fried samples, while 1-methyl-9H-pyrido [3,4-b] indole (Harman) and 9H-pyrido [3,4-b]indole (Norharman) were the main HAAs in pan-fried andstewed samples. Types and contents of HAAs formed atdifferent cooking times using different methods are unique. Stewing in seasoning generated a higher HAAs contentthan the high-temperature cooking methods roasting,frying, and pan-frying.

Comparative proteomic analysis of parasitic loranthus seeds exposed to dehydration stress

Limei Pan,Lingyun Wan,Lili He,Lisha Song,Hairong Long,Xiaowen Ji,Ni Jiang,Juan Huo,Shugen Wei,Jine Fu 한국식물생명공학회 2021 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.15 No.1

Parasitic loranthus [Taxillus chinensis (DC.) Danser] is an important medicinal plant that produces recalcitrant seeds that are sensitive to dehydration. Desiccation tolerance is critical for the survival of recalcitrant seeds in low-moisture environments. Clarifying how these seeds respond to desiccation is important for long-term conservation. Thus, the viability, germination, microstructure, and antioxidant enzyme activities of dehydrated parasitic loranthus seeds were investigated. Diverse organelles were degraded or deformed during dehydration treatments. Additionally, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities gradually decreased in response to desiccation stress. A proteomic analysis involving TMT-labeling and LC–MS/ MS were performed. A total of 1479 proteins were identifed, of which 141 were diferentially expressed proteins (DEPs) at 16 and 36 h after initiating the dehydration treatments. A functional annotation based on gene ontology revealed that the DEPs were mainly localized in chloroplasts and were related to energy metabolism, responses to stimuli, and the regulation of biological processes. A KEGG pathway enrichment analysis determined that several of the identifed proteins were associated with signal transductions, photosynthesis, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. The results suggest that the efcient removal of excessive ROS amounts may be crucial for promoting parasitic loranthus seed germination under dehydration stress conditions. A series of candidate dehydration stress-related proteins were identifed and may be relevant for enhancing the dehydration tolerance of the recalcitrant seeds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the frst study to elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the sensitivity of recalcitrant parasitic loranthus seeds to dehydration via a proteomic analysis involving TMT-labeling.

OSI-027 alleviates rapamycin insensitivity by modulation of mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling in hyperoxia-induced lung injury infant rats

Long Li,Liang Mulin,Yanling Liu,Wang Pan,Dang Hongxing 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2021 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.17 No.3

Background The mechanism of long time and high-concentration oxygen treatment leading to acute lung injury (ALI) or developmental lung disease in infants is currently unclear. Here we found that compared with the effect of rapamycin, pan-mTOR1/2 inhibitor OSI-027, alleviates hyperoxia-induced lung injury (HILI) by modulation of mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling in infant rats. Objective Infant rats were treated with continuous inhalation of 90% medical oxygen. Normal saline, rapamycin, or OSI-027 was intraperitoneally injected, and the status of lung injury was tested on days 3, 7, and 14. The activation of mTOR/AKT/TGFβ1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis in normal and hyperoxia-treated live precision-cut lung tissues. The inhibitory effect of OSI-027 extended to the active state of other proteins implicated in mTOR1/2 signaling was demonstrated in hyperoxia-induced injured lung tissues. Results Our data demonstrate that hyperoxia-induced serious lung inflammation and fibrosis. OSI-027 significantly attenuated the pathological process of HILI, inhibit the phosphorylation of the primary downstream targets of mTORC1/C2, and reduce the activation of TGF-β1 signaling. Conclusions The results suggest that mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and the rapamycin-insensitive mTORC1/4E-BP1 (Thr37/46) signaling has an important effect during HILI with a potential meaning for the progress of novel anti-hyperoxia-injury strategies. Background The mechanism of long time and high-concentration oxygen treatment leading to acute lung injury (ALI) or developmental lung disease in infants is currently unclear. Here we found that compared with the effect of rapamycin, pan-mTOR1/2 inhibitor OSI-027, alleviates hyperoxia-induced lung injury (HILI) by modulation of mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling in infant rats. Objective Infant rats were treated with continuous inhalation of 90% medical oxygen. Normal saline, rapamycin, or OSI-027 was intraperitoneally injected, and the status of lung injury was tested on days 3, 7, and 14. The activation of mTOR/AKT/TGFβ1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis in normal and hyperoxia-treated live precision-cut lung tissues. The inhibitory effect of OSI-027 extended to the active state of other proteins implicated in mTOR1/2 signaling was demonstrated in hyperoxia-induced injured lung tissues. Results Our data demonstrate that hyperoxia-induced serious lung inflammation and fibrosis. OSI-027 significantly attenuated the pathological process of HILI, inhibit the phosphorylation of the primary downstream targets of mTORC1/C2, and reduce the activation of TGF-β1 signaling. Conclusions The results suggest that mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and the rapamycin-insensitive mTORC1/4E-BP1 (Thr37/46) signaling has an important effect during HILI with a potential meaning for the progress of novel anti-hyperoxia-injury strategies.

Crack propagation in flexural fatigue of concrete using rheological-dynamical theory

Aleksandar Pančić,Dragan D. Milašinović,Danica Goleš 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2021 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.27 No.1

The concrete fatigue analysis can be performed with the use of fracture mechanics. The fracture mechanics defines the fatigue crack propagation as the relationship of crack growth rate and stress intensity factor. In contrast to metal, the application of fracture mechanics to concrete is more complicated and therefore many authors have introduced empirical expressions using Paris law. The topic of this paper is development of a new prediction of fatigue crack propagation for concrete using rheological-dynamical analogy (RDA) and finite element method (FEM) in the frame of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). The static and cyclic fatigue three-point bending tests on notched beams are considered. Verification of the proposed approach was performed on the test results taken from the literature. The comparison between the theoretical model and experimental results indicates that the model proposed in this paper is valid to predict the crack propagation in flexural fatigue of concrete.

벤처기업의 아웃소싱 사례연구

강판국 한국중소기업학회 2003 기업가정신과 벤처연구 Vol.6 No.1

대동바이오텍은 본래 자동차부품의 UV 코팅을 전문으로 하는 소기업이었으나 우연히 저온에서도 원적외선이 방사되는 희귀성 약돌(pegmatite)로 만든 건강 팔찌를 만들어 주변 친지들에게 판매하게 되었다. 이를 사용해본 주변의 많은 사람들이 건강상에 좋으니 본격적으로 개발해보라는 권유에 따라 대학의 창업보육센터에 입주하였고, 지엽적 시장을 벗어나기 위하여 약돌을 미세분말하여 원단에 코팅처리한 원단을 이용하여 헬스 다이어트복을 개발하기로 결정하였다. 제품의 효능을 과학적으로 증명하여 소비자들에게 제품의 신뢰도를 높이고자 경북대학교의 물질화학연구소의 이광필 박사에게 의하였다. 연구프로젝트는 진행 내용은 다음과 같다. 1. 저온에서 원적외선이 방사되는 미세분말 코팅 섬유원단을 개발 2. 저온에서 원적외선이 방사되는 미세분말 코팅 섬유원단의 특성분석 3. 저온에서 원적외선이 방사되는 미세분말 코팅 섬유원단 헬스다이어트복 개발 4. 기능성 헬스다이어트복의 임상실험을 통한 신체에 미치는 효과측정 과학적 데이터가 갖추어져 상품의 신뢰도가 높아졌으므로 제품의 전국적 대량시장으로 확장시켜 나가기 위해서 벤처기업의 시장진입 모델 연구를 호서대학교 강판국 교수와 산학연구가 체결되어 진행 프로젝트 내용은 다음과 같다. 1. 제품의 디자인과 브랜드 'PANTAS'의 전략화 이성훈 교수의 자문하에 상표의 디자인과 브랜드를 바꾸고 상표등록 2. 매스미디어의 활용 매스컴의 벤처기업의 신개발품 신상품코너를 이용 제품 및 브랜드의 홍보 3. 마케팅 채널의 선택 1) 타켓 마케팅 전략: 헬스센터, 스포츠 센터/전문점을 이용한 판매전략 2) 다단계판매망을 통한 직접 판매채널 3) 전국적 대리점을 구축 4) 판매의 아웃소싱 벤처기업들의 대부분은 자원 및 기업 인프라의 부족이라는 태생적 문제를 여전히 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점들에 대한 해결의 단초를 제공할 수 있는 것이 아웃소싱 전략이다. 대학의 창업보육센터에 입주한 후 대학의 신뢰도와 인적인 네트워크를 이용하게 되었고 기술적 아웃소싱을 통하여 제품의 효능에 대해 과학적 증명을 통해 신뢰도를 높일 수 있었다. 경영적 아웃소싱을 통해 제품의 브랜드화, 매스미디어를 활용한 마케팅 프로모우션, 다양한 마케팅 채널 탐색과 전략을 전개해 볼 수 있었다. Daedong Bio-Tech Co. was a small business, whose primary business being UV coating of automobile parts. Daedong started to make health bracelets made of yakdol(pegmatite) emanating far-infrared rays and sold them to close acquaintances. Those who used the bracelet found that it helped their health. Encouraged by their responses, Daedong entered a business incubator operated by Keimyung University, and started to make health diet sportswear using fabrics coated with the powder of yak-dol. To secure consumer's confidence on the product by scientifically proving the effects of the product, the research was outsourced to The Material Chemical Research Institute of Kyungpook National University. The research showed that exercising wearing the product which emanates far infrared rays helps reduce fat through heightened body metabolism and the rapid circulation of the blood. This result helped Daedong to acquire confidences of consumers and distributors. The research project was conducted as follows. First, develop a fiber that emanates far-infrared light under normal temperature. Second, analyze the characteristics of a fiber that emanates far-infrared light under normal temperature. Third, develop health sportswear using the developed fiber. Fourth, measure the health effects of the sportswear through clinical tests. Also, developing marketing strategy was outsoursed to Prof. Kang Pan Kuk of Heseo University, and the project was was conducted as follows. 1. build a design and brand strategy 2. take full advantage of free mass media, such as new products introduction columns for venture companies 3. Selection of sales channel 1) determine the target market : health center, sports center/specialy stores 2) direct sales through network-marketing company 3) build up an nationwide agency 4) outsourcing of marketing function

자바의 객체지향 프로그래밍 특성

한판암,김정종 慶南大學校 附設 工業技術硏究所 1996 硏究論文集 Vol.14 No.1

애플리케이션의 개발 측면에서 인터프리터 방식의 객체지향 언어인 자바는 그동안 여러 연구에 검증된 객체지향의 장점인 소프트웨어의 재사용이 가능하며, 문제 모델과 현실 모델과의 사상이 쉽다는 점 외에 간결하다는 장점이 있다. 즉, C++로 애플리케이션을 개발시에 오용하기 쉬운 연산자 오버로딩(Overloading)의 삭제, 단일 상속을 지원함으로서 잘못 사용된 다중상속에 의한 문제 야기를 근본적으로 방지한 점, 프로그램을 어렵게 만드는 포인터 연산의 삭제 등이 돋보인다. 본 논문에서는 자바의 여러 특성 중 객체지향 특성을 살펴보고 소프트웨어 개발 방법인 Top-Down 방법을 적용하여, 전형적인 문제 영역인 에디터에 대한 구현 실례를 단계적으로 정제(Stepwise Refinement)해 보임으로써 자바에서의 애플리케이션 개발을 논의한다. There are many good characteristics in the JAVA which was introduced by the Sun microsystem Inc. All of them simplicity is outstanding merit. In this paper, we survey the JAVA's Object-Oriented characteristics, and then implement the text editor which is typical problem domain with the stepwise refinement. In the development step, we adopted top-down approach. We also discuss application development with the JAVA

Robust Thresholding을 이용한 Wavelet 기반의 영상잡음 제거연구

하판봉 國立 昌原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2002 産技硏論文集 Vol.16 No.-

Approaches to wavelet-based denoising (or signal enhancement) have so far relied on the assumption of normally distributed perturbations. To relax this assumption, which is often violated in practice, we derive a robust wavelet thresholding technique based on the minimax description length principle. We first determine the least favorable distribution in the ε-cintaminated normal family as the member that maximizes the entropy. We show that this distribution and the best estimate, constitute a saddle point. This results in a threshold that is more resistant to heavy-tailed noise, but for which the estimation error is still potentially unbounded. We address the practical case where the underlying signal is known to be bounded, and derive a two-sided thresholding technique that is resistant to outliers and has bounded errors. We provide illustrative examples.

이원수의 '메아리 소년'에 나타난 통일지향성

오판진 한국문학교육학회 2002 문학교육학 Vol.10 No.-

This thesis intends to research how the Juvenile literatures of Lee won soo's Juvenile literatures deals with the issues of the Korean War and the partition of the Korean Peninsula. I would like to create a lesson plan for Lee won soo's Juvenile literatures. To achieve this aim. I have selected the story, 'An Echo Boy' and developed an analysis of it with regarding to unification. 'An Echo Boy' is an excellent work among the Juvenile literatures of Lee won soo. This work shows the suffering of the people through the Korean War and the partition of the Korean Peninsula. We can divide characters are 'Min-I', Min-i's father and mother. his stepmother, a naked woman, and Jung-nim's brother. The negative people are the civic teacher, chunchon aunt, a bad youth, a liquer store customer. The positive people are a class teacher, a rice dealer named Mr. park. So-young, Jung-nim, and Min-i. Each set of characters has a significance in the story. This person pattern has an important meaning. The sufferers are opposed to war. The story. The people have the partition ideology. And the positive people have a strong unified nation. Through these people patterns, Lee won-soo successfully addresses the uses of his works. And this essay handles teaching-learning method for Lee won soo's idea, too. There are many other authors besides Lee won soo who created good works about the Korean War and the partition of the Korean Peninsula. They are Ma hae-song, Kueon jung-sang, etc. I hope to research these people and make a comparative study of them next time.

中等敎育課程과 師大生 敎科履修現況의 比較 硏究 : 體育敎育學科를 中心으로 Focused on the Dept. of Physical Education

權判根,河南吉 慶尙大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.24 No.1

Physical Education curriculum in Korea has been undergoing progressive changes under the influence of international situation since the later half of 1950s, But, Recommanded changes should be based on through evaluation and appraisal of the existing objective of curriculum. The use of any educational model presupposes that the curriculum Planner is working within some framework which defines the scope of his operations. It is now generally accepted in physical education as in their educational specialization that some particular curriculum should be developed within some conseptual framework, for physical education; 1. the important comcepts of the body of knowledge are represented. 2. the concepts are revelant to man's total development. 3. the framwork is dynamic and flexible to reflect social change and knowledge. And, so this study is conducted to know main trends and to consider a development of physical education curriculum by comparing secondary school curriculum with present situation of subject completion of students. The 165 gratuates who graduated from Dept, of Physical Education of Gyeongsang National University for three years 1983 to 1985 were selected for assembling data in this study. The main finding of this study were that the practical subjects of secondary school program was completed at the 53.63f4 level. For the point of the view of the improvement of physical education curriculum, it should be considered as follows; 1. In College of Education, the physical education curricula should be established and operated under the base of the present secondary physical education curriculum and the text of secondary school now in use. 2. It is evaluated that the present graduation units(140) of Physical Education Dept. were too low for bring up the physical education teacher. So, that is should be higher than now in consideration of peculiarity of this department.

비판적 사고교육을 위한 연극적 교수-학습 방법에 관한 시론

오판진 한국문학교육학회 2003 문학교육학 Vol.11 No.-

This study is attempt to develop the Dramatic Teaching-Learning Method for the Critical Thinking Education. For this purpose, this study research the relation between Critical Thinking and Drama. So I can find some terms to explain the relation. That is 'Persona', 'Role change', 'Critical attitude', and 'experience'. There are two models in the Critical Thinking. Critical Thinking Induction model is one, Critical Thinking Performance model is the other. Critical Thinking Induction model is to motivate the one to think critically. And Critical Thinking Performance model shows that how to solve the problem critically. Critical Thinking Induction model in Drama has three elements, that is 'disclosure', 'spectator participation'. and 'changing context'. The elements of Critical Thinking Performance model are 'question', 'speaking as a substitute' and 'looking for a hiding meaning'. Critical Thinking models are mutual independence and mutual dependence. So we have to remember that Dramatic Teaching-Learning Method is developed generally with Critical Thinking Induction model and Critical Thinking Performance model.