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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Ovadia, David Alexander (검색결과 2 건)
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Essays on Discrete Choice in Mechanism Design
Ovadia, David Alexander Northwestern University 2015 해외박사(DDOD)
In the first chapter, we consider an auctioneer who has private information about the quality of several heterogeneous goods that she will sell through simultaneous single-object auctions. When only one object is sold, all information disclosure policies raise the same expected revenue. In particular, the extreme policies of full revelation and no revelation are both optimal. This revelatory indifference is overturned when multiple objects are sold. If the auctioneer keeps silent, bidders will base their participation decisions on a "pooled" estimate of the goods' qualities. On the other hand, revealing some information about the qualities will cause the bidders to sort between the two auctions. We find that the auctioneer prefers to provide some but not all information to the bidders. In the second chapter, we study the welfare effects of reserve price disclosure in English auctions. In particular, we consider a bilateral trade setting with one seller and one buyer. When the seller employs a public reserve price the English auction is revenue and outcome equivalent to the optimal mechanism. Thus, the seller must weakly prefer a public reserve price to a secret reserve price. In fact, we show that the seller will almost always strictly prefer the public reserve price auction. We then suppose that the auction is conducted by a third-party auctioneer who is restricted to charging percentage commission rates to the seller and buyer. We show that the intermediary-optimal mechanism coincides with the seller-optimal mechanism. In the third chapter, we study the impact of early decision applications on enrollment outcomes at universities. To do so, we model the university application process as a set of contests. Specifically, we assume there are two universities, each of which runs an admissions contest with or without an early application option. We find equilibria for the cases in which neither or both universities other early admissions, and then we compare the two cases. We find that low-ability students prefer having an early application option, while high-ability students prefer that neither university offer such an option. We also find that the use of early admissions entails a loss of allocational efficiency.
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Ovadia, Seth Alan University of Maryland College Park 2003 해외박사(DDOD)
The low employment rate of black residents in highly segregated areas has often been cited as a key element in the development of the “ghetto underclass.” This dissertation examines whether the level of residential segregation in a metropolitan area has a positive effect on the black-white difference in employment rates in that area. I present a new technique that uses a three level hierarchical model with longitudinal individual level data (the 1979–94 waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Youth) to address some of the longstanding concerns about the estimation of area characteristics on individual outcomes. The models also include measures of both racial (black/white) and economic (poor/non-poor) segregation to address the debate on which form of segregation affects individuals. The results show that the racial gap in men's employment rates is affected by the level of economic segregation in a metropolitan area, but it is not affected by the level of racial segregation. Black men are less likely to be employed than white men in cities with high levels of economic segregation. Additionally, the odds of employment for black men in economically segregated cities decline with each additional year, while the odds of employment for white men in economically segregated cities increase over time, thus widening the racial gap. Black men in economically integrated cities, however, have employment chances that are virtually equal to white men and there is no racial gap in employment odds increases over time in economically integrated cities. In contrast, women's employment rates are not affected by economic segregation but are affected by racial segregation. However, the magnitude of the effect is substantially less than for men. To the degree that women are affected by racial segregation, black women have a higher likelihood of being employed relative to white women in a city with more racial segregation. Additionally, black women gain more from additional years in a city relative to white women in racially segregated cities. In contrast to black men, black women experience an increase in their odds of employment when they spend additional time in both racially segregated and integrated cities.
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