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- 저자 : Oum, (검색결과 340 건)
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Mariam Charfeddine,Donia Bouaziz,Safa Charfeddine,Asma Hammami,Oumèma Nouri Ellouz,Radhia Gargouri Bouzid 한국식물생명공학회 2015 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.9 No.2
Plant growth and productivity are greatly affected by environmental stresses such as dehydration, high salinity, low temperature and pathogen infection. Plant adaptation to these environmental stresses is controlled by cascades of molecular networks. The dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) transcription factors play an important role in the response of plants to environmental stresses by controlling the expression of many stress-related genes. They specifically interact with C-repeat/DRE (A/ GCCGAC) sequences present in the promoter regions of target genes. One of the DREB1 cDNA was previously cloned and overexpressed in transgenic potato plants. These transgenic plants displayed an improved tolerance to high salinity and drought stresses. The StDREB1 factor belongs to A-4 group that seem to be involved in biotic stress response. This report investigates the effect of Fusarium solani infection on the StDREB1 transgenic lines. Since a number of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are considered as DREB1 target genes, the expression of PR2, PR9 and PR3 genes were tested under biotic stress conditions. The β-1,3-glucanase (PR2) was specifically induced upon infection, whereas the chitinase and the peroxydase were expressed constitutively. The data also show that high levels of DREB1 transcripts accumulated rapidly when wild-type and transgenic plants were infected by F. solani. DREB1 transgenic potato plants accumulated higher levels of pathogenesis-related gene transcripts, such as PR2. These results showed that StDREB1 plays an important role in response to fungal attack in potato.
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Faster algorithms for vertex partitioning problems parameterized by clique-width
Oum, S.i.,Saether, S.H.,Vatshelle, M. North-Holland Pub. Co ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2014 Theoretical computer science Vol.535 No.-
Many NP-hard problems, such as Dominating Set, are FPT parameterized by clique-width. For graphs of clique-width k given with a k-expression, Dominating Set can be solved in 4<SUP>k</SUP>n<SUP>O(1)</SUP> time. However, no FPT algorithm is known for computing an optimal k-expression. For a graph of clique-width k, if we rely on known algorithms to compute a (2<SUP>3k</SUP>-1)-expression via rank-width and then solving Dominating Set using the (2<SUP>3k</SUP>-1)-expression, the above algorithm will only give a runtime of 4<SUP>2^3^k</SUP>n<SUP>O(1)</SUP>. There have been results which overcome this exponential jump; the best known algorithm can solve Dominating Set in time 2<SUP>O(k^2)</SUP>n<SUP>O(1)</SUP> by avoiding constructing a k-expression Bui-Xuan et al. (2013) [7]. We improve this to 2<SUP>O(klogk)</SUP>n<SUP>O(1)</SUP>. Indeed, we show that for a graph of clique-width k, a large class of domination and partitioning problems (LC-VSP), including Dominating Set, can be solved in 2<SUP>O(klogk)</SUP>n<SUP>O(1)</SUP>. Our main tool is a variant of rank-width using the rank of a 0-1 matrix over the rational field instead of the binary field.
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Oum Hyun Suk 건국대학교 통일인문학연구단 2017 통일인문학 Vol.3 No.2
This article examines the current status of North Korean teaching method according to the changes in the content deployment in textbooks which were published after Kim Jong-un assumed power. The author examined changes in the content deployment of first-year textbooks for elementary, middle and high schools which were published after Kim Jong-un took power and analyzed how such changes affected the teaching method. For this, the article reviewed periodical publications on North Korean education which were published around 2012 to examine the evaluation of the teacher's group which is directly affected the supplementation of the teaching method. The study focused on the changes in content deployment in textbooks as such changes require assessment on whether they require direct changes to the teaching method. The outcome of the study can be summarized as the following. Firstly, changes in the content deployment methods of textbooks are made in various forms and approaches. Secondly, the way of describing contents has deviated from historical narrative. The change of the teaching method is inevitable as the content deployment methods are transformed to enhance readability and to shift focus from knowledge transfer to activity-oriented manner. Moreover, British English education curriculum, teaching materials, teaching aids, and English the teaching method that came from outside helped to solve the thirst for new teaching method. However, it is not an easy task to change the teaching method for the vast majority of North Korean teachers who have not been exposed to the ‘global education development trend.’
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Oum, Kawon,Lenzer, Thomas,Scholz, Mirko,Jung, Dae Yool,Sul, Onejae,Cho, Byung Jin,Lange, Jens,Mü,ller, Andreas American Chemical Society 2014 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.118 No.12
<P>We investigated the ultrafast carrier dynamics and phonon relaxation of CVD-grown monolayer and 9-layer graphene on a quartz substrate. Excitation was performed at 400 and 800 nm. The normalized change in optical density ΔOD was probed over the range 260–640 nm (1.94–4.77 eV), reaching down into the region of graphene’s Fano resonance, previously not investigated in femtosecond broadband pump–probe experiments. Time constants of 160 fs and 4 ps were found and assigned to carrier–optical phonon scattering and slower phonon relaxation processes, respectively. The carrier distribution at early times was clearly hotter for 400 nm excitation than for 800 nm excitation. A pronounced spectral bleach feature was observed below 300 nm. It immediately formed after photoexcitation and recovered slowly, with a time constant of 35 ps for monolayer and time constants of 120 and 970 ps for 9-layer graphene. The same dynamics were found for weak transient absorption features above 300 nm, which emerged after ca. 0.5 ps. The slow dynamics were assigned to interfacial heat flow from graphene to the quartz substrate. The bleach and absorption features were well described by a simple model assuming a red-shift of the Fano resonance. This red-shift disappeared with progressive cooling of graphene. We therefore suggest that the red-shift is induced by shrinking of the band separation due to lattice heating.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2014/jpccck.2014.118.issue-12/jp4072197/production/images/medium/jp-2013-072197_0010.gif'></P>
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엄태현(OUM, Tae Hyun) 아시아·중동부유럽학회 2010 동유럽발칸학 Vol.12 No.2
이 논문은 몰도바공화국의 독립 이후 나타나기 시작한 여러 소수민족과 다수인 몰도바 인들의 갈등 양상과 이후의 발전 과정을 다루고 있다. 소수민족 문제는 몰도바공화국의 독립이후 이 지역의 국가와 민족적 정체성을 이해하는 핵심적인 사안으로서 중요성을 가지고 있다. 20세기말 소비에트가 해체되면서 독립을 이룬 몰도바는 독립 초기에 몰도바민족전선(FPM)을 중심으로 범루마니아 민족주의에 기초한 새로운 몰도바적 정체성을 만들어가려고 노력했다. 반면 바사라비아 지역과 특히 트란스니스트리아의 소수 민족은 과거의 기득권을 유지하기 위해서 몰도바에 대해서 독립적인 범러시아권으로 남기를 원했다. 따라서 몰도바의 독립이후 심화된 소수민족 문제는 범루마니아주의와 이에 반대하는 반 루마니아 친 러시아주의의 대립으로 해석될 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 위에서 지적한 관점에 따라서 다음과 같은 내용을 다루었다: 1) 바사라비아 지역에서 소수민족이 형성되어가는 개략적인 과정; 2) 몰도바공화국내의 소수민족 문제; 3) 몰도바로부터 독립 혹은 자치를 이룬 트란스니스트리아와 가가우지아 지역에서의 갈등 양상과 해결의 과정. 오늘날의 몰도바공화국이 위치한 바사라비아 지역은 몰도바 공국의 일부였던 장고한 역사를 지닌 곳이며 이 지역의 대다수 거주민 역시 루마니아인들의 선조라 할 수 있다. 하지만 1812년에 바사라비아 지역이 러시아에 할양된 이후 약 1세기 동안 그리고 20세기 중반부터 시작된 소비에트 체제를 거치면서 인구 구성에 변화가 생겨나게 되며 문화정책에 의해서 러시아어가 제1의 공식적인 언어로 부각된다. 특히 1차 대전 이후 등장한 “몰도바자치 소비에트 사회주의 공화국(MASSR)”에 의해서 상당수의 우크라이나인들과 러시아인들의 이주가 진행된다. 이후 “몰도바 소비에트 사회주의 공화국(MSSR)”이 만들어지는 과정에서 루마니아의 역사적 국경인 니스트 루강을 넘어서는 지역이 몰도바공화국의 새로운 영토에 편입되면서 자연스럽게 이 지역의 주민들이 몰도바공화국을 구성하는 중요한 일부로 자리 잡게 된다. 또한 소비에트 기간을 거치면서 체계적으로 러시아 지향적인 문화정책이 진행된다. 소비에트의 통제를 받던 시기에 몰도바공화국내의 소수 민족 문제는 연방체제에 가려져 수면위로 드러나지 않았다. 하지만 20세기말에 몰도바공화국이 소비에트에 대한 독립을 이루면서, 특히 1989년의 “몰도바 언어법”을 중심으로 새로운 몰도바적인 정체성을 강화해가는 과정에서 이 지역의 소수 민족들은 강하게 반발한다. 이들은 비록 수적으로는 열세였지만 소비에트 기간을 통해서 정치적, 문화적 구심점으로 발전했던 사회적 배경 하에서 소수로서 다수의 권력을 움직이는 기득권 세력으로 성장하여 있었기 때문에 이들의 반발은 더 거세게 나타났다. 몰도바공화국내에서의 소수 민족 문제는 지역적으로 크게 두 가지로 분리될 수 있다. 하나는 몰도바공화국내에 존재하는 소수 민족으로서 언어, 문화, 교육 등에서의 자치 권리 요구이다. 하지만 현재 몰도바공화국내의 주요 소수민족으로서 러시아와 우크라이나인들의 지위는 몰도바인에 비해서 결코 낮지 않으며 오히려 러시아어 화자로써의 우월적인 지위를 보장받고 있다. 언어적으로 볼 때에도 현재의 몰도바 사회는 루마니아어와 러시아어 두 가지가 거의 통용되는 이중언어상용(diglossia)의 모습을 나타내고 있다. 이것의 이유로 한편으로는 몰도바 사회가 형식적으로 독립했지만 실질적으로 러시아의 영향이 지배적인 상황에 있다는 점 그리고 다른 한편으로는 2 세기 간 지속된 다민족과의 공존의 경험이 다민족적 삶에 익숙하도록 했다는 점을 들 수 있다. 다른 하나는 몰도바 인들이 다수를 차지하지 못하고 있던 지역에서의 분리 독립 요구이다. 1989년~1992년 사이의 트란스니스트리아의 분쟁은 이러한 문제를 보여주는 대표적인 갈등 사례라 할 수 있으며 가가우지아의 자치 요구 역시 이와 같은 측면에서 이해할 수 있다. 현재 트란스니스트리아는 법적으로 몰도바공화국에 속해있지만 사실상 독립적인 정부와 군대가 존재하는 곳으로 독립된 국가에 가깝다. 가가우즈 민족에게도 역시 광범위한 자치가 허용되고 있다. 이렇게 분리 독립이 가능했던 것은 표면적으로는 민족주의적인 가치에 대중적 움직임이 있어서였지만 그 이면에는 기존의 권력을 유지하기를 원했던 해당 지역의 이해관계가 있었던 것으로 볼 수 있다. This article deals with the problems of minorities living in the Republic of Moldova. The Republic of Moldova was formally a state of Soviet Union, called MSSR, during the second half of the 20th Century. Conflicts between Moldavian majority and other minorities started after Soviet Union's disintegration and Moldavia's independence from Soviet, and the strifes became more serious, especially in the regions of eastern part of Bessarabia which is called Transnistria and southern part of Moldavia. At the beginning of their independence, the Republic of Moldova tried hard to establish a state based on the national identity of Pan-Romanianism, while the minorities wanted to remain in a independent state or wholly autonomous society based on Pro-Russian, Pro-Soviet identities to keep their vested rights from the Republic of Moldova. So the conflicts could be understood as a confrontation between Pan-Romanianism and Anti-Romania, Pro-Russia ideas. From this point of view, this article deals with the following problems: 1) Procedures of forming minorities and their problems; 2) Aspects of conflicts and settlement in the Transnistria and Gagauzia at the end of 20th Century Bessarabia, the region on which nowadays the Republic of Moldova is situated, was a part of Moldova Principality and from long time ago the majorty of it's people were ancestors of Romanian people. But after this territory was ceded to Russia at the year of 1812, in approximatively 2 centuries many changes were made, especially language, culture and population. With the establishment of MASSR(Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic) at the year of 1924 which included not only traditionally Romanian land of Bessarabia, but also a eastern part of Dnestr river, called Transnistria, where a majority of people were Ukrainians and Russians who became later citizens of MSSR. During Soviet period, the problems of minorities were under surface of rigid Soviet system of union. But after independence of Moldavia and Pan-Romanian movement started from Language Law of 1989, backlash of minorities were very strong. Even though these minorities were numerically small they were situated at the central position of society being the pivot of power during Soviet period. So they were eager to keep their power from Soviet period and their resistance was a desperate one. Minority problems in the Republic of Moldova could be separated in 2 ways by regional distribution. One is the minorities in the Republic of Moldova who wanted to extend their own rights of autonomy for education, language and culture. But their rights as a minority were not bad, or it could be said that their status as a Russian language speaker was even higher than ordinary Moldavians of Romanian because the status of Russian language was higher as a first official language. The other is minorities in the out side of Bessarabia who declared independence. Conflict Between Chişnău and Transnistria is the most serious case of power struggle between nationalities. But the Transnistrian case includes not only a nationalistic factors but also other interests like economical and political hegemony of old leadership which wanted to continue their vested powers. The Gagauzia problem was less harsh. Gagauzia was not able to declare a wholly independent state because they could not survive economically without allocation from central government of Chişnău and they selected a form of autonomous community in the Republic of Moldova having rights of choosing their fate in case of Moldova's union with Romania. Conflicts with Transnistria and Gagauzia were resolved after new moderate government established after the election of 1994. But their cases were blamed by Council of Europe because the result could affect other cases of minorities in European society and practically no economical, neither political developments were made by new separate and autonomous leaderships.
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