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주문갑,홍우진 한국국제농업개발학회 1994 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.6 No.3
브루나이는 열대지방인 보르네오섬에 있는 석유와 천연가스가 풍부한 회교군주국가로서, 국토면적은 5,765 평방킬로미터, 인구는 약 264,000명 (1991년), 1인당 국민총생산은 미화 $17,000가량이다. 석유가 개발되기 시작한후, 농업을 소홀히 하여서, 국민총생산에서 농업이 차지하는 비율은 2%에 지나지 않는다. 1970년대 초에는 4,500톤의 쌀을 생산하여 쌀 자급율이 30%이었다. 그러나 1992년에는 년간 벼 재배면적이 1,067헥타, 벼수량이 1.1톤/헥타, 벼생산량이 1,144, 1인당 쌀소비량은 80킬로그램으로서, 쌀자급율은 3.5%로 떨어져서, 매년 21,000톤의 쌀을 외국에서 수입하고 있다. 브루나이 정부는 2012년까지 쌀자급율을 38%까지 올리기 위하여 벼생산사업에 착수하였다. 1차 사업은 780헥타의 논을 새로 개발하고 760헥타의 논에 관배수시설을 하는 것이다. 2차 사업은 정부직영농장 300 헥타의 관배수시설을 개보수하는 것이다. 3차 사업은 2,300헥타의 수리안전답을 개발하여 기계화 벼생산을 하려는 것으로서, 1985-1987년에 한국의 농어촌진흥공사의 용역단이 타당성조사를 실시한바 있다. 수리안전답에서의 작부체계는 벼 2기작으로서, 예상수량은 1기작에 벼 3.2톤/헥타이다. Brunei has a developing market economy based on the exploitation of petroleum and natural gas reserved. Brunei is an lslamic sultanate, covering an area of 5.765㎢ and 264,000 population in 1991. The gross national product(GNP) per capita was US$17,000 in 1992. The agricultural sector accounts for about 2% of the GNP and employs less than 4% of the work force. The rate of self-sufficiency in rice production obtained about 30% in the early 1970s and then decreased 3.5% in 1995. Therefore, Brunei government should be imported rice grains about 21,000 M/T per year. The rice self-sufficiency rate in Brunei will be increase from 3.5% to 38.0% in 2020 with the Rice production projects(RPP). First step of RPP is to expand the lowland paddy area from 606㏊. to 1386㏊. and to construct irrigation and drainage facilities for 760㏊. of paddy land. Second step of RPP is to improve the irrigation and drainage facilities for 300㏊. of the Wasan farm including the construction of the Imang reservoir. Third step of RPP is to develop 2,300㏊. of rice field with irrigation and mechanization of rice production in order to reduce labor force. For the increasing rice self-sufficiency rite, government will be necessary continued efforts such as improvement of new high yieldingcultivars, development of pest and disease control methods, and development of practical cultivation technique.
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경피경간적 담도내시경법에 의한 폐쇄성 담도질환의 진단 및 치료
김명원,박홍배,여향순,추진호,조형철,조장현,김원석,오기창,강명원,임연근 대한소화기내시경학회 1998 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.18 No.1
Background/Aims: Obstructive jaundice is developed from the cholangiocarcinoma, biiliary tract stone, biliary benign stricture and pancreatic head cancer and is rapidly progress to cholangitis or sepsis. So early decompression, accurate diagnosis and treatment are very important. Percutaneous transhepatic choledocoscopy(PTCS) and endoscopic retrograde choledocoscopy(ERCS) have been used for evaluation of the obstructive jaundice. We performed, through the PTCS, electrohydraulic lithotripsy(EHL) for biliary tract stone rernoval, biopsy for diagnosis of biliary stric and self expandible metalic coil stent(EndocoilTM stent, Instent Co.) insertion on biliary stricture to evaluate the usefullness of PTCS in patients with obstructive jaundice. Methods: Between Auguest 1994 and September 1995, PTCS was performed in 37 patients with obstructive jaundice. First, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD) with 7Fr. drainage tube was done. Three days later, we exchainged the 7Fr. drainage tube with 16Fr.. Seven days later, through the PTCS, we performed EHL, biopsy and EndocoilTM stent insertion. Results: 1) Stones were removed completely and patients were imprcaved clinically after PTCS with EHL in 17 patients with biliary tract stone. During one year, anyone of these patients were not recurred. 2) Biopsy was done in 13 patients with biliary stricture and then 7 patients were confirmed as CBD cancer. 3) EndocoilTM insertion was performed in 22 patients with biliary stricture. In one patient, EndocoilTM iltsertion was failed due to too lowerly inserted. During one year, only 4 patients developed biliary tract obstruction. Conclusion: These resuts suggest that, through the PTCS, EHL of biliary tract stones, biopsy and EndocoilTM stent insertion on biliary stricture are very useful method for biliary tract decompressiom, accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients with obstructive jaundice.
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Identification of microspore-active promoters using transgenic rice and Arabidopsis
Tien Dung Nguyen,Moe Moe Oo,Sung Aeong Oh,Thi Hoai Thuong Nguyen,Hyo-Jin Park,Jong Tae Song,Moon-Soo Soh,Ki-Hong Jung,Soon Ki Park 한국육종학회 2015 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2015 No.07
We recently reported rice promoters that are active in late stages of pollen development. However, rice promoters that allow manipulation of gene expression at earlier stages of pollen development are still very limited to date. In this study, we have chosen 10 putative microspore promoters, OsMSP1 through OsMSP10, based on publicly available transcriptomic datasets in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Sequence analysis of these promoter regions revealed some cis regulatory elements involved in pollen-specific expression. We also examined promoter activities using the promoter-GUS reporter constructs in both transgenic rice and Arabidopsis. In rice, all of the 10 promoters directed GUS signals from the microspore stage throughout the all stages of pollen development. In addition, while GUS signals from 4 promoters, OsMSP2, OsMSP7, OsMSP9 and OsMSP10, seem to be expressed preferentially during pollen development, those from other six promoters were observed in vegetative tissues such as leaves, stems, and roots of seedlings. Similarly, in Arabidopsis, all of the 10 promoters directed GUS signals during pollen development. In detail, 8 promoters, OsMSP1 ~ OsMSP8 directed GUS signals from the microspore stage, whereas 2 promoters, OsMSP9 and OsMSP10, exhibited GUS signals from tricellular stage. Furthermore, seven promoters, except for OsMSP1, OsMSP2 and OsMSP10, showed GUS signals in shoot apical region or root tissues of seedlings. Furthermore, we verified microspore activity of four promoters, OsMSP1, OsMSP2, OsMSP3 and OsMSP6, by complementation analysis of the sidecar pollen (scp) mutant which displays microspore-specific defects. Currently, further analyses are underway for GUS expression of T2 generation in transgenic rice and scp complementation with remaining promoters.
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