The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Chun, Yoon-Keun,Ha, Joo-hun,Hong-Jung-Woo,Oh, Soo-Myung,Kim, Sung-Soo 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Yoon-Keun Chun¹,Joohun Ha□Hong-Jung Woo□, Soo Myung Oh□,Sung Soo Kim□ ¹Department of Molecular Biology, College of Medicine,²Department of Surgery, college of Medicine,³Department of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine,and ⁴East-Weat Medical Reserch Institute,Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 212-230, 1999. -Hepatitis B is caused by hepadnavirus. Hepatitis B virus replicates through 3.5kb pregenomic RNA intermediate which is regulated by core promoter. Pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus has been bilieved the result of host immune response. But recently many studies have reported that high level of viral replication caused by mutation in core promoter might result in severs hepatitis. But these studies were performed in vitro, not in vivo. So there is yet debate about which factor, viral of host factor, is more important in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus. So we measured real viral replication level in 204 chronic hepatitis B patients by quantifying HBV DNA from sera by our novel PCR-based more sensitive method, and compared these results with ALT level measured from same sera, which indicates liver cell damage. Surprisingly there are no significant correlation between HBV DNA quantity and ALT level. Then we cloned core promoter region. In SSCP, we found that many viral mutants coexist in one patient. Base on SSCP result, we chose main viral core promoter type in each patients, which is thought to determine overall viral replication level in this patient. Main type of core promoter region of each 41 patients were directly sequenced. And with these we measured promoter activity by luciferase assay system and compared promoter activity with on another. We found tha there were some differences in promoter activity according to core promoter sequences. And we constructed replication-competent viral constructs with core promoter from 41 patients and Transfected these into HepG2 cell and measured HBV DNA by southern blot. There were also differences in HBV DNA quantity according to core promoter sequences. On these all results we investigated correlation between the effect of HBV core promoter on viral replication in vitro and HBN DNA quantity, ALT level from sera of each patients. We found there is no significant correlation among them. As a result, we concluded that in determining severity chronic hepatitis B patients, host factors of each patient is more important rather than replicative activity of virus itself.

Oblique Posterior Interbody Fusion with Bone Plugs by Unilateral Approach for Treatment of Lumbar Instability - Technical Note -

Soo Young Oh,Joo Han Kim,Jung Keun Suh 대한신경외과학회 2003 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.33 No.5

A new technical method using bone plugs with oblique posterior interbody fusion(OPIF) was designed to increase the fusion rate. One hundred-seventy-five patients were operated for lumbar instability between November 1990 and December 2000. The L5/S1 segment was affected in 129 cases(74%) of the patients. Oblique posteior interbody fusion with bone plugs by unilateral approach was performed in all patients. Eight-nine percent of these patients showed good surgical results. This stable transplant interbody fusion has the several advantages. Foreign substance is not used and this method increases fusion rate and cost-effective. OPIF using bone plugs along with Oh's screw could provide sufficient stability for segmental instability of the lumbar spine including spondylolisthesis of the lumbar spine, with or without concurrent herniated intervertebral disc or spondylotic narrowing. Key words:Bone plug;Lumbar spine;Oblique posterior interbody fusion(OPIF);Oh's screw.

장거리 육상선수들의 생리적 특성에 관한 고찰

오창석,이근일 龍仁大學校 1997 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.14 No.-

The purpose of this study is to analyze the statistical contribution of anthropometrical and physiological characteristics underlying 5,000 meter running performance in 5 high schools(group A) and 5 national representative(group B) male distance runners. 1.The relationship between heights(168.80cm vs 169.40cm) in 5,000 meter running performance was not significant in group A and group B, but the relationship between weights(53.80kg vs 59.20kg) in 5,000 meter running performance was significant in grouts B. 2.There were no differences in maximal heart rates(192 vs 192.40) between two groups A and B. 3.There was no significant relationship between VO2 max and 5,000 meter performance for both(76.96㎖/kg/min vs 79.80㎖/kg/min). 4.Blood lactate concentration of recovery phase was shown a significantly high lactate removal ability in group B, compared with group A(P<.02, P<.04, P<.01). 5.It was pointed out that the important causes of anthropometrical and physical attributes were ① before lactate acid ② weight ③ height (r=0.82, -0.75, 0.64) in group A. ① before lactate acid ② recovery blood lactate ③ VO2 max (r=0.75, -0.65, 0.65) in group B in the long distance running performance. As a result, it was been pointed out that a number of anthropometrical and physical attributes such as body size, body composition, running economy, pulmonary function, cardiovascular-respiratory function and running history as well as maximal oxygen consumption are relatively relevant to success in the long distance running performance. Based on the statistical analysis, high school(group A) male distance runners made more oxygen consumption and lactate than those of group B.

타이타늄 임플란트와 상부구조물의 갈바닉 쌍의 전기화학적 특성

오근택,김명화,최병갑,김경남 大韓齒科器材學會 2003 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.30 No.1

For the aesthetic and functional restoration of edentulous patients, recently dental implants have been used widely. Dental implants and restorative alloys are required with the high corrosion resistance. Suprastructure and implant with different compositions, which are in electrical contact, may develop galvanic or coupled corrosion problems. Besides galvanic corrosion, crevice and pitting corrosion may occur in the marginal gap or the gap between dental implant assemblies. In this study, Ti implants, gold, silver-palladium, cobalt-chromium and nickel-chromium suprastructures were used to investigate their galvanic and crevice corrosion of suprastructure/Ti implant couples. Potentiodynamic and potentiostaic testing were performed in artificial saliva at 37℃. Potentiodynamic testing was carried out at the potential scan rate of 1 ㎷/sec and in the range of -600∼1600 ㎷(SCE). Potentiostatic testing such as open circuit potential and current densities at -250, 0 and 250 ㎷(SCE) was performed for 5000 seconds in artificial saliva. After electrochemical testing, the surface and cross-sectional morphologies of the samples were observed using optical microscopy. Potentiodynamic test results indicated that suprastructure/Tim implant couples exhibited the passive current density range of 0.5∼12 ㎂/㎠, Ti abutment/Tim implant and gold/Tim implant couples exhibited relatively low passive current density, Co-Cr/Tim implant couples the highest. Co-Cr and Ni-Cr/Tim implant couples showed the breakdown potentials of 700 and 570 ㎷(SCE), respectively. Open circuit potentials of silver, Ti abutment, gold, Ni-Cr and Co-Cr/Ti implant couples were -93.2±93.9, -123.7±58.8, -140.0±80.6, -223.5±35.1, and -312.7±29.8, respectively and stable according to immersion time. The couples exhibited cathodic current densities at -250 ㎷(SCE), especially, gold and silver alloys showed the high cathodic current densities of ±3.18 and ±6.63 ㎂/㎠, respectively. At 250 ㎷(SCE), Ti abutment/Ti implant couples exhibited the lowest current density of 9.48×10^-2 ㎂/㎠, and gold, Ni-Cr, Co-Cr and silver/Ti implant couples exhibited 0.313, 1.27, 5.60 and 8.06 ㎂/㎠, respectively. The couples exhibited relatively low current densities at 0 ㎷(SCE). The photographs after electrochemical testing showed crevice or pitting corrosion in the marginal gap and suprastructure surface. Although Co-Cr/Ti implant couples among the tested samples had the possibility of the galvanic corrosion, its degree was not significant.

한국인의 미의식의 정형에 대한 종교사적 접근

吳勤在 弘益大學校 1993 弘大論叢 Vol.25 No.1

I think of the musok religion as the prototype forming the features of our formative arts. Nobody denies that the physical environment, like the Korean climate and natural features, affects it completely. But I judge tha I have already failed to explain the properties of formative arts with the things above. Even though I may say that our art is just a Buddhist art since the period of the three kingdoms, there is some part which we can't explain with just Buddhist idea. And Confucianism which followed Buddhism has conflicted with Buddhism, but still maintained the mainstream of the formative arts. So we put musok religion in the right place. The effect which we have received from the ideas is too deep and massive, but I've tried to find the prototype which has produced the beauties of formative arts on the view of nature out of them. The ideas of circulation and unspecialization are the primary factors which formed the view of nature in musok. They mixed up buddhist transmigrationism, superstition, christan view of the future life and practical morality of Confucianism ingeniously. And they passed through the solidification, the mutual complement and the process of transformation. We think that they formed the main frame of Korean perception with which Koreans have confronted the formative arts. And that frame hasformed the unique way of seeing named view points of ideology and generality such ways of judging shaped the code of conducts of artists. The Korean attitude which was formed like this characterizes the formative arts in idelolgy, plain, visibility out of invisibility,simplicity, transparency, anonymity and division of unit. * Musok: peculiar shamanism in area around Korea.

중국 벤처 투자 현황과 문제점

오근엽 충남대학교 경상대학 경영경제연구소 2003 경영경제연구 Vol.26 No.1

본고에서는 중국의 벤처투자 현황과 문제점, 정부의 역할에 대해 고찰하였다. 중국의 벤처투자는 1999년과 2000년에 급격히 증가하였으며, 2001년 이후에는 조정을 받고 있다. 주로 소프트웨어, 인터넷, 통신 분야 등 IT 산업과 생명과학 등 첨단산업에 벤처투자가 이루어지고 있으며 북경 상해 심천 세곳에 집중되고 있다. 성장기에 투자되는 경향이 있으며, 최근 외자(外資)중심의 투자가 이루어지고 있고 이에 따라 합자투자나 공동투자가 증가하고 있다. 하지만 법률적 환경적인 측면에서 기존의 법규들이 벤처투자에 장애가 되는 경우가 많다. 정부의 역할이 지대한 중국벤처투자의 경우, 외국에서의 경험에서 보다시피 정부는 벤처비지니스에 직접 개입해서는 성공하기 어렵다.

換率決定理論에 관한 考察 : 市場의 調整速度와 관련하여

吳根燁 인제대학교 1988 仁濟論叢 Vol.4 No.1

The volatility of exchange rates after 1970's evoked much interest in overshooting problem. This paper analyses the condition on which exchange rates overshooting depends. Especially, we concentrate on the difference of adjustment speed between goods and asset markets. First, we show following fact; exchange rate must overshoots in such a case that asset markets clear instantaneously while some time is required for goods market adjust ment. Second. in the case of imperfect capital mobility, exchange rate overshoots or not according to the degee of capital mobility. Third, under the assumption of finite adjust ment speed of money market as well as capital mobility, monetary disturbances can not make exchange rate overshoot. But even such a case, overshooting can show up in dynamic path.

Sandblasted large grit, acid etched 표면처리에 따른 교정용 미니 임플랜트의 제거회전력에 관한 연구

오남희,김성훈,국윤아,이근혜,강윤구,모성서 대한치과교정학회 2006 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.36 No.5

Sandblasted large grit, acid etched(SLA) 표면처리 된 교정용 미니 임플랜트와 평활면을 가진 교정용 미니 임플랜트 사이에 제거회전력과 조직학적 소견을 통해 표면처리된 교정용 임플랜트의 임상적 가능성에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 실험재료로는 길이가 9.5 mm, 외경이 1.8 mm인 custom made, screw shaped, titanium implants가 사용되었다. 미니 임플랜트는 두개의 군으로 분류되었는데 SLA군은 20개의 SLA 표면처리된 미니 임플랜트이었고, 평활면군은 크기와 형태가 같지만 SLA처리공정이 생략되어 제작된 20개의 미니 임플랜트로 구성되었다. 이들은 10마리 가토의 경골에 식립되었다. 각각의 가토의 우측 경골에는 SLA군의 미니 임플랜트 2개가 식립되었고, 좌측 경골에는 평활면군의 미니 임플랜트 2개가 식립되었다. 각 군에는 식립 직후 Ni-Ti coil spring에 의해 약 150 g의 지속적인 견인력이 주어졌다. 식립 6주 후에 10마리의 가토를 희생하였고, 안정된 상태에서 Ni-Ti coil spring을 제거하였으며 digital torque gauge를 이용하여 제거 회전력을 측정하였다. 식립 6주 후에 SLA군의 경우 (8.29 Ncm) 평활면군 (3.34 Ncm)에 비해 더 높은 평균 제거회전력을 나타내었고 조직학적 소견에서도 screw 하방에서의 신생골 형성이 관찰되었다. SLA 표면처리된 미니 임플랜트는 평활면 미니 임플랜트에 비해 좀 더 강한 교정력에 저항할 수 있을 것으로 예상되었다. Objective: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the differences between sand blasted, large grit and acid-etched (SLA) treated mini-implants and smooth surface orthodontic mini-implants in relation to the removal torque as well as the histologic analysis. Methods: Custom-made, screw-shaped, titanium implants with a length of 9.5 mm and an outer diameter of 1.8 mm were divided into 2 groups; the SLA group (20 SLA treated orthodontic mini-implants) and the smooth surface group (20 smooth surface mini-implants), and placed in the tibia metaphysis of 10 rabbits. Each rabbit had 4 mini-implants placed, 2 in each tibia. The right tibia were implanted with the SLA group mini-implants and the left tibia had the smooth group mini-implants placed. Each mini-implant group were immediately applied with a continuous traction force of 150 g using a Ni-Ti coil spring. The rabbits were sacrificed 6 weeks post-surgically. Subsequently, the legs were stabilized, the Ni-Ti coil springs were removed and the mini-implants were removed under reverse torque rotation with a digital torque gauge. Results: 6 weeks after placement, the SLA group presented a higher mean removal torque value (8.29 Ncm) than the smooth group (3.34 Ncm) and histologic analysis revealed a higher new bone formation aspect along the screw in the SLA group. Conclusion: Results of this study indicates that SLA treated mini-implants may endure higher orthodontic forces without loosening.

치과 재료용 NiTi 합금의 특성에 대한 Ag 첨가의 영향

오근택,박기호,심형민,황충주,김경남 大韓齒科器材學會 2001 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.28 No.4

Equiatomic and near-equiatomic nickel-titanium alloys have shape memory effect and superelasticity. However nickel-titanium alloys are extremely sensitive to the precise nickel-titanium ratio and alloying additions. There are many reports on the alloying additions such as Fe, Al, Cr, Co, V, Pt, Pd, Zr, Hf, Nb and Cu. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of silver addition to nickel-titanium alloy for dental and medical application.Arc melting process was used to fabricate nickel-titanium alloys. The casts were heat-treated in a vacuum furnace at 950℃ for 72 hours to homogenize their composition. Subsequently, they were hot-rolled at 950℃ to obtain the plate samples and annealed in a vacuum furnace at 950℃. To investigate the properties of nickel-titanium alloys, phases, transformation temperature, compositions, corrosion resistance and hardness were evaluated using X-ray diffractometer, differential scanning calorimeter, energy dispersive spectroscopy or atomic absorption spectroscopy, potentiostat and micro-vickers hardness tester, respectively. NiTiAg alloys showed the low silver recovery rate for the cast due to its low evaporation temperature, and showed low silver solubility to NiTi alloy. Silver addition to NiTi alloy increased transition temperature range (TTR) above 100℃ and stabilized martensitic phase(monoclinic structure) at room temperature because Ms temperature was above room temperature. Martensitic and austenitic phase existed in x-ray diffraction pattern of solution annealed NiTiAg alloys. The Silver addition is considered to improve corrosion resistance and change largely the mechanical properties depending upon the amount of alloying addition and types of addition elements.

韓國의 人口成長과 食糧問題 : 統計的 分析을 中心으로

吳根培 全南大學校 農漁村開發硏究所 1963 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.1 No.-

This study is a sharply focused attempt to grasp the growing population trends in relation to increase of food supply by the way of statistical approach. These are the summaries of each chapter. 1. Ricardo·Maulthus·Mill model. According to T.R.Schults, many underdeveloped Cuntries especially Asia and Far East area would inevitably have been gaced the unfortrnate features under the Ricardo·Malthus·Mill model so far as in the porblems of population and food. Korea, of course, could not avoid being falled with in the category of this. So in this chapter is induced the hypothesis of D>S which means the sate of demand of food over it's supply. 2. porjection of total population growth. (1) Low·projection (by Linear Regression Model) Y=6,655,000 + 284,500(Xi) X's origin is 1939, X's interval is one year. (2) Maximum·Projection (by Gomperltz's Growth model) Y=9548,000(1.2380)(1.039)X' X's origin is 1918, X's interval is one year.(birth rate is 2.5%) (3) Medium·projection (by Exponential Model) Y=26,277,000(1+0.025)ti X's origin is 1962, X's inteaval is one year.(birth rate is 2.5%) 3. Projection of food Rice (1) In the case of Rice Y=13,933,000Suk + 419,000(Xi) X's origin is 1952, X's inteaval is one year., S??=1,783,000Suk. This study is a sharply focused attempt to grasp the growing population trends in relation to increase of food supply by the way of statistical approach. These are the summaries of each chapter. 1. Ricardo·Maulthus·Mill model. According to T.R.Schults, many underdeveloped Countries especially Asia and Far East area would inevitably have been faced the unfortunate features under the Ricardo·Malthus·Mill model so far as in the problems of population and food. Korea, of course, could not avoid being falled with in the category of this. So in this chapter is induced the hypothesis of D>S which means the sate of demand of food over it's supply. 2. projection of total population growth. (1) Low·projection (by Linear Regression Model) Y=6,655,000 + 284,500(Xi) X's origin is 1939, X's interval is one year. (2) Maximum·Projection (by Gomperltz's Growth model) Y=9548,000(1.2380)(1.039)X' X's origin is 1918, X's interval is one year.(birth rate is 2.5%) (3) Medium·projection (by Exponential Model) Y=26,277,000(1+0.025)ti X's origin is 1962, X's interval is one year.(birth rate is 2.5%) 3. Projection of food Rice (1) In the case of Rice Y=13,933,000Suk + 419,000(Xi) X's origin is 1952, X's interval is one year., S??=1,783,000Suk. (2) In the case of Barley. Y=4,903,000Suk + 242,000(Xi) X's origin is 1952, X's interval is one year., S??=783,000Suk. (3) All crops.(Rice and Barley) Y=18,705,000Suk + 409,000(Xi) X's origin is 1952, X's interval is one year., S??=2407,000Suk. As we have aleady observed, Rice production is increasingly about 409,000Suk (by 3%) year by year from 1952, Barley production is increasing about 242,000Suk(by 5%), and supply of grain(Rice and Barley) is increasing about 409,000Suk(by 2, 7%) every year from 1952. 4. Conclusion (1) Illibalance (unbalance) between supply and demand of food. Estimate of food and population in the future. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year Estimated population(unit 1,000) Food Percapita Low Medium High (unit:1,000Suk) Food-Consumption ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1970 25,275 32,041 47,350 26,476 0.81 Suk 1980 28,125 41,016 101,000 30,503 0.74 1990 30,975 52,551 307,000 34,056 0.64 2000 33,825 67,183 158,6000 38,745 0.58 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- In the upper table, we can easely foresee that percapita consuming quantity of food will be extreemply poor. It is just about T.R Schultz aleady pointed out as the Ricardo·Malthus·Mill model. (2) potentialities for increased output in agriculture. Under such circumstances, there must be strong and sustained effort to increase agri, cultural products as a whole at a rate considerably in excess of population growth. First of all we can take the followings for it. 1) improvement of farming practices and rationalization of farming structure. 2) improvement of Agricultural credit system. 3) supporting farm price for the incentive of farming. 4) Stepping up the rural guidance works (Extention works) 5) Promotion and protection of Agrirultural cooperatives. 6) Increasing investment into the agricultural sector. (3) population increase and Economic growth. This capter attempts to find out some measures to reach the capital formation through the labor-intensive farming and to let decrease the rate of growing population so that attempt at least to get more economic development by the moderate combination of resources and man-power under the low income countries such likse Korea.