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Essentiality of Histidine in Ruminant and Other Animals Including Human Beings
Onodera, Ryoji Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.3
Concept and establishment of essential amino acids in animals and human beings rendered immeasurable contributions to animal production and human health. In ruminant animals, however, essential amino acids have never been completely established. The present review proposes a hypothesis that histidine may not be an essential amino acid for normal growing cattle (Japanese black) at least at the growing stage after about 450 kg of body weight on the basis of the experimental results of histidinol dehydrogenase activities in some tissues of the cattle together with hints from which the hypothesis was derived. At the same time, histidinol dehydrogenase activities in liver, kidney and muscle of swine, mouse, fowl and wild duck will be shown and the essentiality of histidine in these animals will be discussed. Finally, the essentiality of histidine for adult human will briefly be discussed.
Silicone Rubber Membrane Bioreactors for Bacterial Cellulose Production
Onodera, Masayuki,Harashima, Ikuro,Toda, Kiyoshi,Asakura, Tomoko The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2002 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.7 No.5
Cellulose production by Acetobacter pasteurianus was investigated in static culture using four bioreactors with silicone rubber membrane submerged in the medium. The shape of the membrane was flat sheet, flat sack, tube and cylindrical balloon. Production rate of cellulose as well as its yield on consumed glucose by the bacteria grown on the flat type membranes was approximately ten-fold greater than those on the non-flat ones in spite of the same membrane thickness. The membrane reactor using flat sacks of silicone rubber membrane as support of bacterial pellicle can supply greater ratio of surface to volume than a conventional liquid surface culture and is promising for industrial production of bacterial cellulose in large scale.
Onodera, Toshihito,Sakai, Yasuzo,Kashiwazaki, Masaru,Ihara, Ikko,Lal, Saha Mihir The Korean Society of Superconductivity and Cryoge 2021 한국초전도저온공학회논문지 Vol.23 No.3
Milking parlor wastewater contains high concentration suspended solid (SS), nitrogen, and/or phosphate as well as organic compounds. A new biological wastewater process by magnetic separation, magnetic activated sludge (MAS) process, was applied to milking parlor wastewater treatment process. A three step wastewater treatment process of coagulation sedimentation / ammonia stripping (C/S), magnetic activated sludge process and contact oxidation (CO) was proposed for removal of these pollutants. First step, C/S process recovered 96% TN and 96% PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>-P as resource for fertilizer from the wastewater. 81% biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in wastewater was removed after MAS process. As a results, all pollutant concentrations satisfied Japanese effluent standards. Most of residual BOD and SS were removed by the CO process. It was estimated that the proposed process could reduce the process space to 1/7.
( Onodera Shiro ) 한양대학교 동아시아문화연구소 2013 동아시아 문화연구 Vol.55 No.-
19세기 서유럽에서 발전한 Commemoration이라는 정치문화는 동아시아로 전해진 후 먼저 일본에서 ``기념(紀念)``으로 번역되어 1880년대에 기념비, 기념회 등으로 널리 쓰였다. 무술변법 전후 중국에서는 梁啓超로 대표되는 입헌파가 일본의 ``기념회``라는 모델에 독자적인 해석을 덧붙여 국치기념이라는 개념을 제시했는데, 이를 통해 국민감정을 고취시킴으로써 자강을 도모하는 전략이었다. 또한 梁啓超는 프랑스 혁명기념일과 미국의 독립기념일과 유사한 ``축전(祝典)``도 필요하다며 과거의 ``사업``을 표창함으로써 민중의 애국심을 강화하자고 제안했다. 신정시기 입헌파는 이러한 방안을 채택해 국치기념회를 열고 만청사(晩淸史)를 외세에 받은 치욕으로 가득한 국치사(國恥史)로 묘사하는 한편, ``축전``을 열어 신정을 국치를 설욕하는 묘책으로 삼아 대중들로부터 개혁에 대한 찬성을 얻어내려 했다. 청조 전복을 목표로 했던 혁명파는 입헌파와 달리 한족이 만주족의 압제를 받은 ``국치``를 더 강조했다. 신해혁명 성공 후에 경축 분위기 일색에서 새로 수립된 민국정부에서는 국경일 등 ``축전``을 채택하고 국치기념은 거들떠보지 않았다. 하지만 1915년 ``21조 요구`` 사건으로 중국 지식인은 홀대 받던 ``국치기념``의 필요성을 다시금 깨달았다. 게다가 이후에 반복적으로 ``치욕``을 당하는 사건이 일어나면서 ``국치``는 ``국경``보다 더 영향력 있는 근대 중국의 자아 표상과 국민감정을 자극하는 요소가 되었다. The political culture of modern commemoration was developed in nineteenth century Europe. It was subsequently introduced into East Asia, with kinen-hi(monu-ment for commemoration) and kinen-kai(meeting for commemoration)becoming very popular in Japan in the 1880s. In China, during the Hundred Days Reform in 1898, Liang Qichao took the Japanese kinen-kai as a model, interpreting it in his own way to propose the new idea of commemorating China`s national humiliation, thereby stirring up people`s patriotic emotion, and mobilizing them to make their own country rich and strong. On the other hand, Liang also recognized that it was also important for China as a modern country to celebrate positive historical events, in a similar vein to the Independence Day in the United States or Bastille Day in France. After the defeat of the Boxer Uprising, Qing Reformists adopted Liang`s idea, holding the ceremonies to commemorate national humiliations, painting the late Qing history as a miserable time full of foreign invasions and defeats. In addition, they also held ceremonies to celebrate the fruits of their policies, insisting that reform was the only way to wipe off such national shames, as an attempt to win the people`s approval. Meanwhile, the Revolutionaries tried to overthrow the Qing government and as such tended to stress the shame which the Han nation had suffered at the hands of the Manchu nation. After the 1911 Revolution, the new Republican government, in an entirely celebratory mood, adopted only a national day to celebrate the success of the uprising, and did not adopt any national humiliation days. However, the Twenty-one Demands issued to China by Japan in 1915 reminded Chinese intellectuals of the importance of commemorating national humiliation. Subsequent to that point, continuous foreign invasion has made commemorating national humiliation a far more effective method for Chinese intellectuals to adopt in order to mobilize the public than any celebration of national days.
Toshihito Onodera,Yasuzo Sakai,Masaru Kashiwazaki,Ikko Ihara,Saha Mihir Lal 한국초전도저온공학회 2021 초전도와 저온공학 Vol.23 No.3
Milking parlor wastewater contains high concentration suspended solid (SS), nitrogen, and/or phosphate as well as organic compounds. A new biological wastewater process by magnetic separation, magnetic activated sludge (MAS) process, was applied to milking parlor wastewater treatment process. A three step wastewater treatment process of coagulation sedimentation / ammonia stripping (C/S), magnetic activated sludge process and contact oxidation (CO) was proposed for removal of these pollutants. First step, C/S process recovered 96% TN and 96% PO4 3--P as resource for fertilizer from the wastewater. 81% biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in wastewater was removed after MAS process. As a results, all pollutant concentrations satisfied Japanese effluent standards. Most of residual BOD and SS were removed by the CO process. It was estimated that the proposed process could reduce the process space to 1/7.