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Cloning and Expression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus - 1 Epitopes in E . Coli
Nham, Sang Uk,Lee, Young Ik,Yoo, Hyang Sook,Hyun, Sang Won,Jang, Won Hee,Park, Huei Dong 한국유전학회 1990 Genes & Genomics Vol.12 No.4
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) causes a deadly infectious disease, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). As a first step to develop a reliable and fast diagnostic procedures for HIV-1 infection, we cloned various immunodominant epitopes of HIV-1 in bacterial expression vectors containing tac or trp promoters. While the protein level of direct expression of gp160 was low, trp E fused gp120, gp41 and p17-Op24 were produced at high levels (15-30% of total bacterial proteins) in E. coli. Since gp120 and gp41 contain relatively conserved regions which can react with antibodies in the plasma from most of HIV-1 infected individuals, these expression clones were used for large preparations of HIV-1 antigens. Purified antigens will be used for making rapid, and sensitive AIDS-diagnostic kits using whole blood systems.
Binding of Fibrinogen to Specific receptors on Rat Peritoneal Macrophages
Nham, Sang Uk,Fuller, Gerald M 생화학분자생물학회 1975 BMB Reports Vol.27 No.6
Binding of fibrinogen to specific receptors on rat peritineal macrophages was characterized. Fibrinogen receptors on rat peritoneal macrophages bind the fragment D domains of fibrinogen molecules, suggesting possible involvement of Mac-1 in fibrinogen binding. Receptor-fragment D interaction was reversible and reached equilibrium after 60 min incubation at 4℃. Scatchard analysis of fragment D binding indicated a single class of receptors, a binding dissociation constant of 3.8 μM, approximately 9.0 × 10^5 receptors per cell.
Microwave Determination of Moisture
Nham, H.S.,Choi, B.I.,Chi,D.,Park, C.B.,Park, N.S.,Kim, M.W. 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1991 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.2 No.1
We have developed a microwave method of moisture determination of several materials in free space. A bridge technique at the frequency of 9.5 GHz has been employed to determine the moisture content of building sand, pine wood etc.. It can be modified for continuous and non-destructive measurement of moisture contents of non-metallic materials such as coal, pulp, foods, building materials and so on. The possibility of developing moisture profile measurement system (i.e, microwave imaging technique) will be examined.
Nham, Sang Uk,Choi, Eui Yul,Yie, Se Won,Lee, Kyung Mee,Chung, So Young,Chun, Gie Taek,Kim, Pyeung Hyun 생화학분자생물학회 1981 BMB Reports Vol.29 No.5
Previous studies have shown that transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a potent regulator of cell growth and differentiation. To study the effects of TGF-β on cell morphology and cytoskeleton reorganization, we conducted a survey using Mv1Lu mink lung epithelial cells with antibodies to cytoskeletal proteins and an extracellular matrix protein. While the untreated cells showed a cuboidal shape of typical epithelia, the Mv1Lu cells displayed a drastic shape change in the presence of TGF-β. This alteration was most prominent when near-confluent cells were treated with TGF-β. Since the morphology alteration is known to be accompanied by the reorganization of cytoskeletal proteins in other cell types, we investigated the intracellular distribution of the three major cytoskeletal structures: microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. In the microfilament system, TGF-β induced new stress fiber formation, which was caused primarily by the polymerization of cytoplasmic G-actin. However, TGF-β appeared not to induce any significant changes in microtubular structures and vimentin filaments as determined by indirect fluorescence microscopy. Finally we confirmed the rapid accumulation of fibronectin by immunoblot analysis and chased the protein locations by immunofluorescence microscopy.
Severe Thrombocytopenia in a Patient with COVID-19
Nham Eliel,고재훈,Jeong Byeong-Ho,Huh Kyungmin,Cho Sun Young,Kang Cheol-In,Chung Doo Ryeon,Peck Kyong Ran 대한감염학회 2020 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.52 No.3
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is spreading rapidly all over the world, being a major threat to public health. Since clinical feature of COVID-19 has not been fully evaluated yet, empirical antibacterial agents are frequently combined for the treatment of COVID-19 in addition to antiviral agents, concerning co-existing bacterial pathogens. We experienced a case of severe thrombocytopenia with epistaxis and petechiae, while treating a COVID-19 patient with ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, and lopinavir/ritonavir. The platelet count decreased to 2,000/mm3 and recovered after discontinuation of the three suspected drugs. In treating a potentially fatal emerging infectious disease, empirical and/or experimental approach would be unavoidable. However, the present case suggests that the possibility of adverse effects caused by polypharmacy should also be carefully considered.
COVID-19 Vaccination in Korea: Past, Present, and the Way Forward
Nham Eliel,Song Joon Young,Noh Ji Yun,Cheong Hee Jin,Kim Woo Joo 대한의학회 2022 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.37 No.47
Since its first emergence in late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 has claimed more than 6.5 million lives worldwide and continues to infect hundreds of thousands of people daily. To combat this once-in-a-century disaster, several vaccines have been developed at unprecedented speeds. Novel vaccine platforms (messenger ribonucleic acid vaccines and adenoviral vector vaccines) have played a major role in the current pandemic. In Korea, six vaccines, including a domestically developed recombinant vaccine, have been approved. As in other countries, vaccines have been proven to be safe and highly effective in Korea. However, rare serious adverse events and breakthrough infections have undermined public trust in the vaccines, even while the benefits of vaccination far outweigh the risks. The rise of the omicron variant and the subsequent increase in excess mortality demonstrated that while vaccines are a key component of the pandemic response, it alone can fail without non-pharmaceutical interventions like masking and social distancing. The pandemic of coronavirus disease has revealed both the strengths and weaknesses of our healthcare system and pandemic preparedness. When the next pandemic arrives, improved risk communication and vaccine development should be prioritized. To enable timely vaccine development, it is essential to make strategic and sufficient investments in vaccine research and development.
Nham Eliel,Hyun Hakjun,Seong Hye,Yoon Jin Gu,Noh Ji Yun,Song Joon Young,Kim Woo Joo,Cheong Hee Jin 대한감염학회 2022 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.54 No.4
We investigated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination rate in patients admitted to chronic pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and cancer wards in the third week of April 2022 to determine the immunity level of these vulnerable groups. Compared to the general population, our study subjects had lower vaccination rates, except for higher percentages of boosted individuals in patients with chronic pulmonary disease and cardiovascular disease. This tendency was most pronounced in cancer patients, less than half of whom were boosted. Patients with cancer should be encouraged to complete their COVID-19 vaccination.
Nham Eliel,Yoon Jin Gu,Choi Min Joo,Seo Yu Bin,Lee Jacob,Choi Won Suk,Hyun Hakjun,Seong Hye,Noh Ji Yun,Song Joon Young,Kim Woo Joo,Cheong Hee Jin 대한의학회 2024 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.39 No.5
Background: In Korea, there are no surveillance programs for vaccines that are not included in the national immunization program (NIP), and vaccine safety monitoring in the adult population is inadequate. This study aimed to establish a safety monitoring system for nonNIP vaccines in adults. Methods: Frequently administered non-NIP vaccines were selected. Individuals were included if they received at least one of the selected vaccines at a participating institution and provided informed consent. Solicited and unsolicited adverse events were monitored using questionnaires sent through text messages on days 1, 3, 7, 28, and 90 post-vaccination. Selected adverse events of special interest (AESIs) were monitored monthly by retrospective review of electronic medical records. Causality was assessed according to the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency guidelines. Results: Four vaccines (tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis [Tdap], pneumococcal conjugate 13-valent [PCV13], live zoster vaccine [ZVL], and recombinant zoster vaccine [RZV]) were selected, and their safety profiles were monitored at four tertiary hospitals and 10 primary care clinics. The response rates of the questionnaires on post-vaccination days 1, 7, 28, and 90 were 99.2%, 93.6%, 81.0%, and 48.7%, respectively. Of 555 AESI identified over 10 months, 10 cases received one of the selected non-NIP vaccines within 90 days of the event. Conclusion: We are establishing the first safety monitoring system for selected non-NIP vaccines in Korea since September 2022 and report its progress as of July 2023. However, continuous government support is essential for its maintenance and improvement.
Nham Eliel,Kim Young-Eun,Jung Jaehun,Kim Dong Wook,Jang Hoyeon,Hyun Hakjun,Seong Hye,Yoon Jin Gu,Noh Ji Yun,Song Joon Young,Kim Woo Joo,Cheong Hee Jin 대한의학회 2022 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.37 No.45
As most individuals acquire immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, South Korea declared a return to normalcy a few months ago. However, epidemic waves continue because of endlessly emerging variants and waning immunity. Health authorities are focusing on those at high risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 to minimize damage to public health and the economy. In this regard, we investigated the vaccination rates in patients with various chronic medical conditions by examining the national health insurance claims data and the national immunization registry. We found that patients with chronic medical conditions, especially those of higher severity, such as malignancy, had vaccination rates approximately 10–20% lower than those of the general population. Public health authorities and healthcare providers should try to vaccinate these patients to avoid preventable morbidity and mortality.