A two-step design of experiments approach to investigate the simultaneous effects of ion-pairing and chemical enhancers to improve the permeability of lornoxicam in a topical hydrogel patch

Nguyen Huu-Manh,Duong The-Khang,Nguyen Van-Khuyen,Nguyen Thi-Khanh-Ly,Dong Thi-Hoang-Yen,Nguyen Canh-Hung,Tung Nguyen-Thach 한국약제학회 2024 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.54 No.2

Purpose A two-step experimental design was used to develop a lornoxicam (LOR)-loaded topical hydrogel patch. We specifically focused on the simultaneous effect of the ion pair formation agent (triethanolamine [TEA]) and the chemical enhancer (cremophor RH40 [RH40]) on flux and conducted physicochemical studies and skin physiology assessments to obtain further information. Methods Drug-in-adhesive patches were fabricated using a micrometer-adjustable film applicator. The applied Design of Experiments (DoE) approach consisted of the Fractional Factorial Resolution V + design and the Central Composite Face design established by the MODDE® 12.0 software. Molecular-level drug-excipient interactions were investigated using infrared (IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. The effects on skin physiological function was assessed using DermaLab Combo. Results DoE results revealed that TEA enhanced flux by 3.14-fold, whereas RH40 reduced it by 4.62-fold. The addition of RH40 resulted in the disappearance of the proton peak within the region of 12–13 ppm, suggesting competition for hydrogen bonding with LOR between TEA and RH40. The optimized formulation (4% TEA, 0% RH40, and 0.2% Al(OH)3) increased skin hydration by 6.20-fold. Opposing effects of TEA and RH40 on skin elasticity were observed. Conclusion Expected flux and adhesion strength for the optimized formulation were 7.18 μg·cm–2·h–1 and 11.79 mJ, respectively. Our understanding of the conflicting effects of TEA and RH40 has been advanced. The integrated use of the two-step DoE, physicochemical studies, and skin physiology assessments was proven to be effective in elucidating the simultaneous effects of different permeation-modifying strategies on patches, thus having substantial value for the successful execution of future research endeavors.

An Empirical Study of Commodity Market Patterns in Ethnic Minorities and Mountainous Areas: Evidence from Vietnam

Trinh Thi Thanh THUY,Nguyen Thi BINH,Trinh Thi Thu HUONG,Nguyen Thu THUY,Dang Thanh PHUONG,Tran Thi Bao KHANH,Nguyen Thi YEN 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.11

The development of the ethnic minorities and mountainous areas (EMMA) is currently receiving the attention of countries around the world. This is demonstrated through a large number of studies, in many respects, in many different countries. The objective of the study is to find out the current situation of the commodity market in the ethnic minorities and mountainous areas (EMMA) of Vietnam. In particular, the authors will study whether there is a link between the ability to access governmental policies and the characteristics of this commodity market. To achieve the goal, the authors employed the secondary data collection method to gather the relevant information on government policies for EMMA and conducted an interview of seventy (70) enterprises in the Northern midlands and mountainous regions and the Central Coast to clarify the characteristics of commodity market. By Levene’s test, the results showed that the accessibility to governmental policies has a certain influence on the development of the commodity market patterns in the EMMA in terms of diversification of distribution forms and sales method of the business. These findings brought some basic solutions to further enhance the role of the government in developing commodity markets in the EMMA of Vietnam.

Logistics Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, and Loyalty During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Vietnam

Xuan Hung NGUYEN(Xuan Hung NGUYEN ),Thuy Dương TRAN(Thuy Dương TRAN ),Phan Hoai Diem VU(Phan Hoai Diem VU ),Yen Chi DINH(Yen Chi DINH ),Thi Mai Huong DUONG(Thi Mai Huong DUONG ),Thi Ngoc Hien THAN(Thi 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.9

The goal of the study is to examine and assess how the factors of logistics service quality provided by logistics service providers influence customer loyalty and satisfaction in Vietnam. This study employs samples of the Kansei technique. The article’s data was gathered through an online survey of 388 distinct Vietnamese customers who used logistics services before and during the Covid-19 outbreak. After the data was obtained, it was evaluated using SmartPLS 3.0’s Cronbach’s Alpha test and structural equation model (SEM). Staff service quality, operational service quality, and technical service quality are the three factors that determine the quality of logistics services in the study. Out of the 10 proposed hypotheses, research findings show that five are acceptable. The Covid-19 Pandemic in Vietnam had a significant impact on all dimensions, but it had no effect on how satisfied customers were with the logistics service providers. Nevertheless, loyalty is considerably influenced by only one factor, which is customer satisfaction, and customer trust moderates the relationship between these two factors. As a consequence of that, several managerial implications have been proposed to help logistics service providers improve their services to attract and keep Vietnamese customers using their service in the long term.

Factors Affecting Online Reservation Decisions through Hotel Websites: An Empirical Study from Can Tho City, Vietnam

Hai Quynh Tram NGUYEN,Yen Nhi LE,Ly Giau LAM,Thi Yen Nhi LE,Trieu Di NGUYEN,Thi Kim Yen PHAM,Trong Luan NGUYEN 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.5

Many consumers are opting for online booking over traditional booking systems. Customers can actively seek out information about hotels and lodging services, as well as book rooms, at any time and from any location. Customers also feel more supported when they interact with virtual assistants or professionals. Recognizing this issue, several hotels have focused on improving their websites by incorporating aspects that encourage customers to book directly through the hotel’s website. The study’s goal is to discover what factors impact people’s decisions to book a hotel stay through the hotel’s website. Therefore, hotel managers and owners can make decisions to improve the hotel website to attract residents to Can Tho City. The factors are website quality, affective commitment, social presence, and e-trust that affect customers’ decision to book through the hotel website. The study uses quantitative methods to collect data from 180 residents living in Can Tho. Through data analysis on SPSS and Amos software, the research results show that three factors considered, namely website quality, affective commitment, and social presence, positively influence customers’ booking decisions. This finding also suggests that e-trust is less critical to residents in Can Tho City, different from what the study had predicted.

Factors Affecting Business Performance of Construction Enterprises Listed on Vietnam Stock Markets

Thanh Cuong DANG(Thanh Cuong DANG ),Thi Hang TRINH(Thi Hang TRINH ),Thi Thao BANH(Thi Thao BANH ),Thi Yen NGUYEN(Thi Yen NGUYEN ) 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.9

Based on assessing the impact of factors on the business efficiency of construction enterprises, the research team proposes policy implications to improve the business performance of listed construction enterprises in Vietnam in the coming time. The study used secondary data collected from the audited financial statements of 25 enterprises listed on Vietnam’s stock market in the period 2015–2021 to estimate the factors affecting the business performance of construction enterprises. After collecting, the data will be encrypted and checked. The article uses a quantitative research method by using a linear regression model on Eviews 10 to analyze the data and analyze the impact of factors on the business performance of construction enterprises listed on Vietnam’s stock market. The research result shows that firm size and growth rate positively affect business performance while capital structure, receivable management, fixed asset investment, and economic growth have a positive impact on the business performance of construction companies listed on the Vietnamese stock market. Based on this result, the paper also makes recommendations to the Vietnamese construction companies to enhance their business performance.

Field Dependence of Switching Currents in an Exchange Biased Spin Valve

Nguyen, Hoang Yen Thi,Joo, Sung-Jung,Jung, Kuyoul,Shin, Kyung-Ho American Scientific Publishers 2007 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.7 No.1

<P>Current induced magnetic reversal due to spin transfer torque is a promising candidate in advanced information storage technology. It has been intensively studied. This work reports the field-dependence of switching-currents for current induced magnetization switching in a uncoupled nano-sized cobalt-based spin valve of exchange biased type. The dependency is investigated in hysteretic regime at room temperature, in comparison with that of a trilayer simple spin valve. In the simple spin valve, the switching currents behave to the positive and the negative applied magnetic field symmetrically. In the exchange biased type, in contrast, the switching currents respond to the negative field in a quite unusual and different manner than to the positive field. A negative magnetic field then can shift the switching-currents into either negative or positive current range, dependently on whether a parallel or an antiparallel state of the spin valve was produced by that field. This different character of switching currents in the negative field range can be explained by the effect of the exchange bias pinning field on the spin-polarizer (the fixed Co layer) of the exchange biased spin valve. That unidirectional pinning filed could suppress the thermal magnetization fluctuation in the spin-polarizer, leading to a higher spin polarization of the current, and hence a lower switching current density than in the simple spin valve.</P>

Magnetocaloric Effect in Fe-Ni-Zr Alloys Prepared by Using the Rapidly-quenched Method

Nguyen Huy Dan,Nguyen Huu Duc,Tran Dang Thanh,Nguyen Hai Yen,Ngac An Bang,Do Thi Kim Anh,판더롱,유성초 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.62 No.12

Fe90−xNixZr10 (x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25) ribbons with various thicknesses were prepared byusing a melt-spinning technique. The Curie temperature, TC, of the alloys dramatically decreasedfrom 960 K to room temperature at high quenching rates. When the alloys had an amorphousstructure, their TC strongly depended on the Ni concentration. The maximum entropy change,|Sm|max, with H = 12 kOe, of the alloys was around 1 J·kg−1K−1 at room temperature. Onthe other hand, the full width at half maximum the entropy-change peak was quite large, 85 K,which was suitable for applications in magnetic refrigerators at room temperature.

Inverse giant magnetoresistance due to spin-dependent bulk scattering in Fe_1–xCr_x/Cu/Co

Thi, Ngoc Anh Nguyen,Thi, Hoang Yen Nguyen,Yi, Hyunjung,Joo, Sung-Jung,Shin, Kyung-Ho WILEY-VCH Verlag 2007 Physica status solidi. PSS. A, Applications and ma Vol.204 No.12

<P>Inverse giant magnetoresistance (IGMR) can be observed in multilayers with alternating two ferromagnetic layers F1 and F2 possessing opposite spin scattering asymmetries. We report here the observation of inverse current-in-plane giant magnetoresistance (CIP-IGMR) in Fe<SUB>1–x</SUB>Cr<SUB>x</SUB>/Cu/Co spin-valve systems with varying Cr concentration and FeCr-layer thickness. The highest magnitude of IGMR, –0.45%, has been achieved in the sample doped with 35 at.% Cr. It is shown that the proper substitution of Cr for Fe can alter spin-dependent scattering in the Fe layer, causing the inversion of the bulk spin scattering asymmetry coefficient therefore resulting in CIP-IGMR. The GMR has a dominant contribution to the observed inverse MR, rather than the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) component. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</P>

Caries Arresting Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride in Vietnamese Preschool Children

Yen Hoang Thi Nguyen,Masayuki Ueno,Takashi Zaitsu,Toai Nguyen,Yoko Kawaguchi 대한예방치과학회 2017 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.13 No.3

Objective: A 1-year longitudinal study compared the effectiveness of annual and biannual silver diamine fluoride (SDF) applications on caries arrest among preschool children. Methods: A total of 295 children aged 2 to 3 years from 6 public preschools in Vietnam were selected and divided into 3 groups: Group 1 (G1) received annual SDF (n=90), Group 2 (G2) received biannual SDF (n=99), and Group 3 (G3) did not receive SDF (n=106). Clinical oral examination was performed at baseline, 6 months and 1 year. Results: Mean ds, the main component of dmfs, were 14.92 in G1, 15.91 in G2, and 18.17 in G3 at baseline, and no significant differences were found between the 3 groups. From baseline to 6 months and to 1 year, mean ds increased significantly in all children: 1.88 and 3.75 in G1, 2.22 and 3.47 in G2, and 5.20 and 8.91 in G3. Mean ds was significantly higher in G3 than G1 and G2 at 6 months and 1 year. At baseline, about 60% of active carious surfaces were treated with SDF in both G1 and G2. The proportions of arrested caries surfaces at 6 months and 1 year were 61.8% and 47.6% in G1, and 57.7% and 64.0% in G2. Significantly higher proportions of arrested caries surfaces were observed in G2 than G1 at 1 year. Conclusion: The study demonstrated a caries arresting effect of SDF in preschool children and its effect was greater after biannual application than annual application.

The Impact of Organizational Commitment on Employee Motivation: A Study in Vietnamese Enterprises

NGUYEN, Hoai Nam,LE, Quoc Hoi,TRAN, Quang Bach,TRAN, Thi Hoang Mai,NGUYEN, Thi Hai Yen,NGUYEN, Thi Thuy Quynh Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.6

The study examines direct and indirect impacts of organizational commitment on employee motivation through two mediating factors - opportunistic behavior and knowledge sharing - in Vietnamese enterprises. The samples were selected by the non-probability sampling method followed convenient sampling, relatively stratified by localities in Vietnam. The sample size was 636 employees in Vietnamese enterprises. The number of collected online questionnaires was 379, while the number of valid questionnaires was 329. In the direct survey, the number of distributed questionnaires was 750, while the number of collected questionnaires was 421 and the number of valid questionnaires was 307. The total number of valid questionnaires used for analysis was 636. The study used quantitative methods with structural equation modeling analysis. The results indicate that among the components of organizational commitment, normative commitment has both direct and indirect impacts on employee motivation through two mediating factors: opportunistic behavior and knowledge sharing. Meanwhile, affective commitment has only an indirect impact on employee motivation through these mediating factors. Continuance commitment has both direct and indirect impacts; however, it has only an indirect impact on employee motivation through opportunistic behavior. In addition, the results show opportunistic behavior has a negative impact on the knowledge sharing of employees in enterprises.