The Effectiveness of Financial Sources for Climate Change in Vietnam

Thi Nhung NGUYEN(Thi Nhung NGUYEN ),Minh Hoa NGUYEN(Minh Hoa NGUYEN ),Thi Phuong Anh VU(Thi Phuong Anh VU ),Thi Hoang Anh DO(Thi Hoang Anh DO ) 한국유통과학회 2023 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.10 No.1

This research aims to give information about the current situation of five financial sources for climate change in Vietnam, including (i) the State budget used by ministries; (ii) the State budget used by provinces; (iii) Bilateral funds; (iv) Multilateral funds; and (v) Private funds, and then classify them in line with the effectiveness. The working paper’s secondary data on spending on CC-related activities, collected from reports of six ministries and 29 provinces, show that the State budget has been crucial in subsidizing CC-related activities in Vietnam. Moreover, domestic investment has accounted for a major part of the total expenditure of ministries and provinces for climate change. In addition, by using primary data collected from surveys sent to twelve experts from 5 groups, such as researchers, practical experts, managers of private funding organizations (such as banks and enterprises), managers of international funding organizations and beneficiaries, and then analyzing the data through the AHP method, the study shows that all climate finance sources in Vietnam are still not very effective. However, private sector funds are considered the most effective financial source for responding to climate change.

Applications of Magnetite Nanoparticles for Water Treatment and for DNA and Cell Separation

Nguyen Hoang Hai,Nguyen Chau,Nguyen Hoang Luong,Nguyen Thi Van Anh,Phan Tuan Nghia 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.3

Magnetic nanoparticles with a diameter of 15 nm prepared by using the coprecipitation method have been applied to enforce the sedimentation of the solid waste, to adsorb the arsenic ions in water, to increase the DNA concentration by using a magnetic eld for the electrochemical DNA sensor and to separate the helper CD4+ T cells to determine the number of the cells in blood. A combination of magnetic nanoparticles and alum makes the solid waste in water under a magnetic field aggregate a dozen times faster than under the gravity alone. A concentration of 0.1 mg/l of arsenic in water was reduced to a value lower than the permissible concentration of 0.01 mg/l after few minutes of stirring. The particles functionalized with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane were used to enrich the DNA of the Herpes virus, which extended the sensitivity of an electrochemical sensor down to a concentration lower than nM/l. The particles coated with fluorescent-labeled antiCD4 antibody were used to count the helper CD4+ T cells. The fluorescence signals of the particle/cell system were two times stronger than those of the uorescence antiCD4 cell system. This can be used for the treatment of an HIV-infected patient with a simple fluorescent microscope. Magnetic nanoparticles with a diameter of 15 nm prepared by using the coprecipitation method have been applied to enforce the sedimentation of the solid waste, to adsorb the arsenic ions in water, to increase the DNA concentration by using a magnetic eld for the electrochemical DNA sensor and to separate the helper CD4+ T cells to determine the number of the cells in blood. A combination of magnetic nanoparticles and alum makes the solid waste in water under a magnetic field aggregate a dozen times faster than under the gravity alone. A concentration of 0.1 mg/l of arsenic in water was reduced to a value lower than the permissible concentration of 0.01 mg/l after few minutes of stirring. The particles functionalized with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane were used to enrich the DNA of the Herpes virus, which extended the sensitivity of an electrochemical sensor down to a concentration lower than nM/l. The particles coated with fluorescent-labeled antiCD4 antibody were used to count the helper CD4+ T cells. The fluorescence signals of the particle/cell system were two times stronger than those of the uorescence antiCD4 cell system. This can be used for the treatment of an HIV-infected patient with a simple fluorescent microscope.

Effect of salicylic acid and yeast extract on curcuminoids biosynthesis gene expression and curcumin accumulation in cells of Curcuma zedoaria

Nguyen Hoang Loc,Truong Thi Phuong Lan,Nguyen Duc Huy,Nguyen Ngoc Luong,Hoang Tan Quang,Trinh Huu Tan,Le Thi Anh Thu,Nguyen Xuan Huy 한국식물생명공학회 2019 JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.46 No.3

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of yeast extract (YE) and salicylic acid (SA) on the expression of curcuminoid-biosynthesis genes (CzDCS and CURS1-3), and accumulation of curcumin in Curcuma zedoaria cell cultures. The results showed that, in cells treated with YE or SA, the expression levels of curcuminoid genes were 1.14- to 3.64-fold higher than the control (untreated cells), in which the YE exhibited a stronger effect in comparison with SA. Curcumin accumulation also tended to be similar to gene expression, curcumin contents in YE- or SA-treated cells were 1.61- to 2.53-fold higher than the control. The SA treatment at the fifth day of culture stimulated the curcumin accumulation and expression in all four genes compared to that at the beginning. While the YE treatments gave different results, the CzCURS1 and CzCURS3 genes were expressed strongly in cells that were treated at the beginning. However, the CzDCS and CzCURS2 genes showed the opposite expression pattern, they were activated strongly in the treatments at day five of the culture. However, the content of curcumin reached its maximum value on the fifth day of culture in all investigations.

Uptake of arsenic and heavy metals by native plants growing near Nui Phao multi-metal mine, northern Vietnam

Ha, Nguyen Thi Hoang,Ha, Nguyen Thi,Nga, Tran Thi Huyen,Minh, Nguyen Ngoc,Anh, Bui Thi Kim,Hang, Nguyen Thi An,Duc, Nguyen Anh,Nhuan, Mai Trong,Kim, Kyoung-Woong Elsevier 2019 Applied geochemistry Vol.108 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Phytoremediation is a plant-based, environment-friendly, and cost-effective technology that can be potentially used to remediate contaminated media. This study was conducted to evaluate the phytoextraction and phytostabilization potential, two common techniques of phytoremediation, of 21 plant species growing naturally at the largest tungsten (W) mine in Vietnam—the second largest production of W in the world. The average concentrations in different soil fractions were in the following order: residue > organically complexed, Fe- and Mn oxide-bound > carbonate bound > exchangeable. The total concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in the soil varied by 34–3390, 4.87–81.6, 14.3–2080, and 21.9–370 mg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, and Zn in the shoots ranged 0.71–2400, 0.05–5.55, 4.81–249, and 13.3–380 mg/kg-DW, respectively. The concentrations of As and Cd in all soil samples and Cu in 70% of soil samples collected around the mine fluctuated within 2–227, 3–54, and up to 21-folds higher than the maximum allowable limit for agricultural soils in Vietnam (QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT). The results indicated that hyperaccumulation levels (mg/kg-DW) were obtained for only As in <I>Pityrogramma calomelanos</I> (2400) and <I>Pteris vittata</I> L. (1860). Based on the recorded hyperaccumulation levels, translocation and accumulation factors, biomass, and fast growth of these plants, <I>P. calomelanos</I> and <I>P. vittata</I> were considered to be promising native plants for the phytoextraction of As contaminated soils. <I>Bidens pilosa</I> L. also has great potential for phytostabilization of mining soils contaminated with As and heavy metals.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Soils near multi-metal (W–F–Cu–Au–Bi) mine were contaminated with As, Cd, Cu. </LI> <LI> Arsenic in shoots were in order of Fern > Monocotyledonae > Dicotyledonae. </LI> <LI> <I>Pityrogramma calomelanos</I> and <I>Pteris vittata</I> L. suggested for phytoextraction of As. </LI> <LI> <I>Bidens pilosa</I> L. suggested for the phytostabilization of mining contaminated soils. </LI> </UL> </P>

Optimization of the eco-friendly synthesis of graphene oxide from graphite using Plackett–Burman and Box–Behnken models for industrial production orientation

Phuc Nguyen Thien,Giang Nguyen Thi Huong,An Vu Nguyen Thien Truong,Nam Nguyen Thanh Hoai,Anh Ly Duc,Nguyen Huynh Cam,An Hoang,Phong Mai Thanh,Hieu Nguyen Huu 한국탄소학회 2023 Carbon Letters Vol.33 No.2

In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by the improved Hummers’ method. The degree of oxidation from graphite (Gi) to GO was determined through interlayer spacing calculated from X–ray diffraction. Besides, the effect of KMnO4:Gi ratios (X1), H2SO4 volume (X2), oxidation temperature (X3), oxidation time of stage 1 (X4), and oxidation time of stage 2 (X5) was screened by the Plackett–Burman model. The simultaneous impact of three factors that influenced the degree of oxidation (X1, X2, and X3) was studied by the Box–Behnken experimental model of response surface methodology to achieve suitable conditions for the GO synthesis process. The characterization of GO product was investigated via the modern analytical methods: X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. In addition, the study was also carried out on a pilot scale for orientation in industrial application with the yield of 14 g/batch.

The extraction of lignocelluloses and silica from rice husk using a single biorefinery process and their characteristics

Ngoc Thuy Nguyen,Nhat Thong Tran,Tan Phat Phan,Anh Thu Nguyen,My Xuyen T. Nguyen,Nguyen Ngan Nguyen,Young Ho Ko,Dai Hai Nguyen,Tran T.T. Van,DongQuy Hoang 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.108 No.-

While the efficient usage of biomass waste can significantly help in addressing environmental issues,there are only a few reports that discuss about processing such waste effectively at a low-cost. Such challengearises from the strong association between the components biomass. In this study, an abundantagricultural byproduct, rice husk (RH), was used as the starting resource. A simple biorefining processof alkaline peroxide treatment followed by acid precipitation and ethanol extraction was performed onRH to obtain cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and silica. The chemical structures, morphologies, andphysic-chemical properties of the separated components were identified through a wide range of characterizationapproaches. The final products obtained from of this process were (i) bundles of fiber-likecellulose with a fiber width of 6 mm and (ii) small particles of hemicellulose and lignin with nonuniformshapes. The lignocelluloses products had over 90 wt% carbon with 52.28% crystalline ratio. Meanwhile, the other products comprising hemicelluloses, lignin, and silica were amorphous. The outcomeof this study contributes to expanding and developing the simple and efficient conversion processof biomass waste into sustainable value-added materials. It is crucial to reduce the environmental impactby using renewable materials as the new building block resources for synthetic chemicals.

Geochemistry of Vietnamese Late Cenozoic basaltic rocks with constraints on the mixed pyroxenite and peridotite source

Hoang Thi Hong Anh,Sung Hi Choi,Yongjae Yu,Pham Trung Hieu,Nguyen Kim Hoang,Jong-Sik Ryu 한국암석학회 2018 한국암석학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.5

Building Principles of High Voltage Relay Protection

Nguyen Doan Quoc Anh,Tran Hoang Quang Minh,Nguyen Quang Dung,Shmoilov A.V 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.9 No.10

Main characteristic of relay protection (RP) is selectivity. The fullest realization of this characteristic is given on principle operation of differential protection. On the ground of this reason and analysis of the arc monitoring the short circuits, two principles of the building RP are formulated: usual metric (which is used for building all the types existing RP with measuring relays) and proposed logical principle (on which is built arc protection, on flash of the electric arc at short circuits (SC)). The differential metric principle RP is proved to be the most appropriate for building RP on logical scheme. There are compared factors existing RZ by the approximation to logical principle of the building RP. As special principle of the building RP is distinguished the distance protection. The advantage the logical scheme of the building RZ are discussed in contrast with existing metric.

Geochemical constraints on the spatial distribution of recycled oceanic crust in the mantle source of late Cenozoic basalts, Vietnam

Hoang, Thi Hong Anh,Choi, Sung Hi,Yu, Yongjae,Pham, Trung Hieu,Nguyen, Kim Hoang,Ryu, Jong-Sik Elsevier 2018 Lithos Vol.296 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the major and trace element, mineral, and Sr, Nd, Pb and Mg isotopic compositions of late Cenozoic intraplate basaltic rocks from central and southern Vietnam. The Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic compositions of these basalts define a tight linear array between Indian mid-ocean-ridge basalt (MORB)-like mantle and enriched mantle type 2 (EM2) components. These basaltic rocks contain low concentrations of CaO (6.4–9.7wt%) and have high Fe/Mn ratios (>60) and FeO/CaO–3MgO/SiO<SUB>2</SUB> values (>0.54), similar to partial melts derived from pyroxenite/eclogite sources. This similarity is also supported by the composition of olivine within these samples, which contains low concentration of Ca and high concentrations of Ni, and shows high Fe/Mn ratios. The basaltic rocks have elevated Dy/Yb ratios that fall within the range of melts derived from garnet lherzolite material, although their Yb contents are much higher than those of modeled melts derived from only garnet lherzolite material and instead plot near the modeled composition of eclogite-derived melts. The Vietnamese basaltic rocks have lighter δ<SUP>26</SUP>Mg values (−0.38±0.06‰) than is expected for the normal mantle (−0.25±0.07‰), and these values decrease with decreasing Hf/Hf* and Ti/Ti* ratios, indicating that these basalts were derived from a source containing carbonate material. On primitive mantle-normalized multi-element variation diagrams, the central Vietnamese basalts are characterized by positive Sr, Eu, and Ba anomalies. These basalts also plot within the pelagic sediment field in PbPb isotopic space. This suggests that the mantle source of the basalts contained both garnet peridotite and recycled oceanic crust. A systematic analysis of variations in geochemical composition in basalts from southern to central Vietnam indicates that the recycled oceanic crust (possibly the paleo-Pacific slab) source material contains varying proportions of gabbro, basalt, and sediment. The basalts from south-central Vietnam (12°N–14°N) may be dominated by the lowest portion of the residual slab that contains rutile-bearing plagioclase-rich gabbroic eclogite, whereas the uppermost portion of the recycled slab, including sediment and basaltic material with small amounts of gabbro, may be a major constituent of the source for the basalts within the central region of Vietnam (14°N–16°N). Finally, the southern region (10°N–12°N) contains basalts sourced mainly from recycled upper oceanic crust that is basalt-rich and contains little or no sediment.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The Vietnam basalts have Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions defining a DMM-EM2 array. </LI> <LI> The mantle source is composed of garnet peridotite and recycled oceanic crust. </LI> <LI> Southern to central Vietnam can be divided into three geochemical mantle domains. </LI> <LI> Their light Mg isotopic compositions are likely inherited from recycled carbonates. </LI> <LI> The volcanism may be produced by Hainan plume, entraining the Paleo-Pacific slab. </LI> </UL> </P>

The Factors Affecting Corporate Income Tax Non-Compliance: A Case Study in Vietnam

NGUYEN, Loan Thi,NGUYEN, Anh Hong Viet,LE, Hac Dinh,LE, Anh Hoang,TRUONG, Tu Tuan Vu Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.8

In many countries, the Government enacts tax laws in order to manage tax collection and regulate the macro-economy. According to Noor, Jamaludin, Omar, and Aziz (2013), tax non-compliance is a growing concern because of its negative effects on the state budget. The main objectives of this article are to identify the factors affecting corporate income tax non-compliance of enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City in accordance with the current situation of Vietnamese tax administration. We use several research methods, including the exploitation of information and practical experiences from both taxpayers and tax authorities; with Probit regression model on a sample of 187 enterprises that have been inspected or examined by tax authorities in Vietnam during the period from 2013 to 2017.The article identified eight factors affecting corporate income tax (CIT) non-compliance: (1) working capital/total assets; (2) revenue/total assets; (3) total debt/total assets; (4) loss in the previous year; (5) receivables/revenue; (6) the size of enterprises; (7) tax administrative penalties/tax payable; and (8) business field. In particular, the tax non-compliance was studied as a violation of Vietnamese tax laws by enterprises declaring an insufficient amount of CIT payable to the State budget.