Na₂S 하부층을 이용한 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 광흡수층의 저온증착 및 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 박막태양전지에의 응용

신해나라,신영민,김지혜,윤재호,박병국,안병태,Shin, Hae Na Ra,Shin, Young Min,Kim, Ji Hye,Yun, Jae Ho,Park, Byung Kook,Ahn, Byung Tae 한국태양광발전학회 2014 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.2 No.1

High-efficiency in $Cu(In,Ga)Se_2$ (CIGS) solar cells were usually achieved on soda-lime glass substrates due to Na incorporation that reduces deep-level defects. However, this supply of sodium from sodalime glass to CIGS through Mo back electrode could be limited at low deposition temperature. Na content could be more precisely controlled by supplying Na from known amount of an outside source. For the purpose, an $Na_2S$ layer was deposited on Mo electrode prior to CIGS film deposition and supplied to CIGS during CIGS film. With the $Na_2S$ underlayer a more uniform component distribution was possible at $350^{\circ}C$ and efficiency was improved compared to the cell without $Na_2S$ layer. With more precise control of bulk and surface component profile, CIGS film can be deposited at low temperature and could be useful for flexible CIGS solar cells.

Na₂S 하부층을 이용한 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 광흡수층의 저온증착 및 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 박막태양전지에의 응용

신해나라(Hae Na Ra Shin),신영민(Young Min Shin),김지혜(Ji Hye Kim),윤재호(Jae Ho Yun),박병국(Byung Kook Park),안병태(Byung Tae Ahn) 한국태양광발전학회 2014 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.2 No.1

High-efficiency in Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) solar cells were usually achieved on soda-lime glass substrates due to Na incorporation that reduces deep-level defects. However, this supply of sodium from sodalime glass to CIGS through Mo back electrode could be limited at low deposition temperature. Na content could be more precisely controlled by supplying Na from known amount of an outside source. For the purpose, an Na₂S layer was deposited on Mo electrode prior to CIGS film deposition and supplied to CIGS during CIGS film. With the Na₂S underlayer a more uniform component distribution was possible at 350°C and efficiency was improved compared to the cell without Na₂S layer. With more precise control of bulk and surface component profile, CIGS film can be deposited at low temperature and could be useful for flexible CIGS solar cells.

Effects of Sunghyangchungisan(SHCS) on Cellular Ion Contents and Metabolism in Cat Brain Cortical Slices under Hypoxic Insult

Kim, Na-Ri,Kim, Young-Kyun 동의대학교 한의학연구소 2001 동의ㆍ경산 한의학 학술대회 Vol.5 No.-

星香正氣散은 腦卒中을 가진 患者에 대해 有益한 處方이라고 알려져 있다. 이번 硏究에서 는 고양이 大腦 皮質 切片을 사용하여 低酸素 發作을 誘發한 뒤, 星香正氣散이 細胞의 이온環境과 代謝의 變化와 關聯하여 效果가 있는지 硏究하였다. 고양이의 大腦 皮質 切片이 低酸素症에 露出되었을 때, 細胞內에 Na+는 增加하고 K+는 減少한다. 星香正氣散은 低酸素症으로 誘發된 細胞內의 K+와 Na+의 含量의 變化를 현저하게 遲延시켰다. 星香正氣散의 效果는 0.3-2 mg/ml의 濃度에서 投與量에 依存的이었다. 星香正氣散은 低酸素 期間의 前이나 그동안에 適用했을 때만 效果가 있었고, 이미 低酸素 發作으로 인해 損傷된 組織에 適用했을 때는 이온 障害를 바꾸는 어떤 效果도 나타나지 않았다. 星香正氣散은 Na-K-ATPase의 抑制劑인 와바인 또는 代謝 抑制劑인 2,4-DNP로 誘發된 細胞內 K+ 含量의 變化에 어떤 效果도 보이지 않았다. 또한, 正常 狀態의 切片뿐만 아니라 低酸素 狀態의 切片에서 分離된 顆粒體의 分屑에 있어서 Na-K-ATPase의 活動度에 影響을 미치지 않았다. 星香正氣散은 低酸素 發作下에서 酸素 消費量과 細胞의 ATP含量이 떨어지는 것을 현저하게 막았다. 또한 ATP를 生産하는 機能을 保護하는 低酸素 組織의 絲粒體를 돕는데 效果的이었다. 結論的으로 星香正氣散은 大腦 組織의 低酸素 發作下에서 細胞의 이온 環境과 代謝를 保護하는 有益한 效果가 있다는 것을 알 수 있다.

만성기침 환자의 면역학적 지표와 기도과민성

나문준,백만순 凡石學術奬學財團 2000 凡石學術論文集 Vol.4 No.-

치료하지 않은 폐암 환자군의 생존율

백만순,나문준 凡石學術奬學財團 2000 凡石學術論文集 Vol.4 No.-

Role of the oxidizing agent in the etching of 4H-SiC substrates with molten KOH

Na, M.,Kang, I. H.,Moon, J. H.,Bahng, W. 한국물리학회 2016 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol. No.

<P>A novel etching solution using molten potassium hydroxide (KOH) for the identification of dislocation types in a silicon-carbide (SiC) epilayer is identified. Threading screw dislocations (TSDs) and threading edge dislocations (TEDs) are rarely useful for size-based differentiation of etch pits in highly nitrogen (N)-doped SiC through conventional KOH etching. In this study, we report the role of sodium peroxide (Na2O2) and potassium dioxide (KO2) as oxidizing agent additives to the etchant for identifying the dislocation types in highly N-doped 4H-SiC. A Na2O2-KOH phase diagram was calculated to predict the chemical composition of the etchant. Solid-phase Na2O2 remained in the system when added to the etchant at concentrations greater than 13-wt% Na2O2, and it provided excess oxygen to the etchant. We experimentally confirmed that etch pit shapes became more hexagonal and that the etch pit sizes of TSDs and TEDs differed more greatly when more than 20-wt% Na2O2 was added to the etchant. We also found that the size distribution of TEDs was much smaller than that of TSDs after etching using Na2O2-KOH. Dissolved oxygen played an essential role in enhancing the anisotropic etching of highly N-doped SiC and allowed the dislocation types to be identified.</P>

간호대학생의 정신간호학 실습이 요중 Na^(+), Cl^(-), K^(+), Ca^(++)에 미치는 영향

나현주,한유정 대한기초간호자연과학회 2001 Journal of korean biological nursing science Vol.3 No.2

This study was done to investigate the effect of the first experience of the clinical experience for psychiatric nursing on urinary Na^(+), Cl^(-), K^(+), Ca^(++) of the nursing students. We analyzed the urine of 36 students on curriculum who were students of D college in K city. The data were analyzed with SAS Statistical analysis was performed by using paired t-test, GLM. The second day group increased 18.56 at 8AM, 31.90 at 4PM in a case of Na^(+)(p=0.004). The second day group increased 27.61 at 8AM, 43.53 at 4PM in a case of Cl^(-)(p=0.009). The first day group increased 2.62 at 8AM, 7.09 at 4PM in a case of K^(+)(p=0.018). The second day group increased 3.69 at 8AM, 5.19 at 4PM in a case of K+(p=0.013). The second day group increased 20.65 at 8AM, 14.07 at 4PM in a case of Ca^(++)(p=0.033). There was a significant difference in Na^(+) according to group at 8AM(F=4.17, p=0.024) and 4PM(F=3.58, p=0.040). There was a significant difference in Cl^(-) according to group at 8AM(F=4.38, p=0.020) and 4PM(F=6.29, p=0.003). There was a significant difference in K^(+) according to group at 8AM(F=5.03, p=0.012). In conclusion, Na^(+), Cl^(-), K^(+), Ca^(++) may be used as a indicator of the amount of stress to improve the educational environment for the students.

Role of the Oxidizing Agent in the Etching of 4H-SiC Substrates with Molten KOH

Moonkyong Na,In-Ho Kang,Jeong Hyun Moon,Wook Bahng 한국물리학회 2016 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.69 No.11

A novel etching solution using molten potassium hydroxide (KOH) for the identification of dislocation types in a silicon-carbide (SiC) epilayer is identified. Threading screw dislocations (TSDs) and threading edge dislocations (TEDs) are rarely useful for size-based differentiation of etch pits in highly nitrogen (N)-doped SiC through conventional KOH etching. In this study, we report the role of sodium peroxide (Na2O2) and potassium dioxide (KO2) as oxidizing agent additives to the etchant for identifying the dislocation types in highly N-doped 4H-SiC. A Na2O2-KOH phase diagram was calculated to predict the chemical composition of the etchant. Solid-phase Na2O2 remained in the system when added to the etchant at concentrations greater than 13-wt% Na2O2, and it provided excess oxygen to the etchant. We experimentally confirmed that etch pit shapes became more hexagonal and that the etch pit sizes of TSDs and TEDs differed more greatly when more than 20-wt% Na2O2 was added to the etchant. We also found that the size distribution of TEDs was much smaller than that of TSDs after etching using Na2O2-KOH. Dissolved oxygen played an essential role in enhancing the anisotropic etching of highly N-doped SiC and allowed the dislocation types to be identified.

토끼의 신장기능에 미치는 K+ Channel 차단제인 Glibenclamide 의 영향

고석태(Suk Tai Ko),나종학(Jong Hak Na) 한국응용약물학회 2001 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.9 No.1

This study was investigated about the effect of glibenclamide (GLY) which is K^+ channel blocker on renal function in rabbit, GLY, when given into the vein, produced the diuretic action accompanied with the increases of amounts of Na^+ and K^+ excreted into urine (E_(Na), E_K), and then osmolar and negative free water clearances (C_(osm), `T^c_(H2O)), fraction excretory rates of filtered Na^+ and K^+ (F_(Na), F_K) and ratios of E_K against E_(Na) were augmented. Filtration fraction (FF) were reduced because renal plasma flow (RPF) were not changed but glomerular filtration rates (GFR) were diminished. GLY administered into a renal artery exhibited significant reduction of urine volume along with the decreases of GFR and RPF in only experimented kidney whereas changes of renal function was not observed in control kidney. GLY given intracerebroventricularly exhibited diuretic action along with the increase of E_(Na), E_K and F_(Na), F_K by small dose which was not affect on renal function when it given into the vein. Above results suggest that GLY given into the vein in rabbit produce the diuretic action by inhibition of electrolytes reabsorption in renal tubules through central function.

Vibration-controlled transient elastography for significant fibrosis in treatment- naïve chronic hepatitis B patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Mi Na Kim,Jihyun An,Eun Hwa Kim,Hee Yeon Kim,Han Ah Lee,Jung Hwan Yu,Young-Joo Jin,Young Eun Chon,Seung Up Kim,Dae Won Jun,Ji Won Han,Miyoung Choi 대한간학회 2024 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.30 No.-

Backgrounds/Aims: Accurate diagnosis of significant liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is crucial when determining whether to initiate antiviral treatment (AVT). We conduct a meta-analysis to assess the diagnostic performance of vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) for significant liver fibrosis in AVT-naïve CHB patients with serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels within 5-fold the upper limit of normal (ULN). Methods: The Ovid-Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane, and KoreaMed databases were searched to identify studies that compared the performance of VCTE and liver biopsy (reference standard) when diagnosing significant liver fibrosis (≥F2) in AVT-naïve CHB patients with ALT within 5-fold the ULN. A hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curve (HSROC) and bivariate model were performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of VCTE in the meta-analysis. Results: Eight studies (2,003 patients) were included. The summary sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of significant liver fibrosis were 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66–0.86) and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.60–0.82), respectively. The HSROC for the diagnosis of significant liver fibrosis was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.72–0.86). The optimal cutoff value of VCTE for diagnosis of significant liver fibrosis was 7.7 kPa with a sensitivity of 0.64 (95% CI, 0.50–0.76) and specificity of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.72–0.90). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that VCTE has an acceptable diagnostic performance for significant liver fibrosis in AVT-naïve CHB patients with ALT within 5-fold the ULN.