노인의 영적 간호요구

최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1

This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.

미디아 센타의 조직 및 역할에 관한 연구

廉明淑 大田大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.10 No.1

국부적 향상을 이용한 복합 유전자 알고리즘 : GA + 셀룰러 학습 GA + Cellular Learning

고명숙,김주연 부천대학 2001 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

진화 이론에 의하면 진화 과정 중 모집단에 속하는 가장 적합한 개체들만이 그 다음 세대에도 생존할 수 있으며 각 개체는 생명 주기 동안에 적응 능력을 학습하며 그 유전적 형질들이 다음 세대에도 보존됨을 알 수 있다. 또한 생명 주기동안에 학습된 특질들은 그 다음 세대에서 다시 학습할 필요가 없다. 이러한 경험 획득 과정을 학습(learning)이라 부르며 일반적으로 유전자 알고리즘에서는 국부 탐색(local search)을 통하여 학습이 이루어진다. 유전자 알고리즘은 복잡한 상태 공간상에서 최적의 해를 찾기 위해 유향성 임의 탐색을 행하는 전통적인 최적화 알고리즘이다. 이 논문에서는 함수 최적화를 위해 학습 속도를 개선한 셀롤러 학습을 기반으로 하는 유전자 알고리즘을 제안한다. 복합 유전자 알고리즘은 기존의 유전자 알고리즘과 국부 탐색 기법을 혼합시킴으로써 최적해로의 수렴률을 향상시킨 방법이다. 제안하는 셀롤러 학습 전략은 셀롤러 오토마타의 주기성과 수렴성을 기반으로 한다. 유기체가 그 개체의 생명 주기의 한 세대에서 얻게되는 지식과 경험들을 자손에게 전달한다는 이론을 바탕으로 한다. 분석적인 실험을 통하여 제한한 학습 전략이 기존의 방법보다 더 빨리 전역 최적 해를 찾을 수 있음을 증명하였다. 셀롤러 학습을 이용한 복합 유전자 알고리즘은 전역 최적해로의 수렴 속도를 향상시킨 최적화 알고리즘이다. According to evolutionary theories, only the most suited individuals in a population are likely to survive and individuals learn to adapt significantly during their lifetime, and thus transmitting their biologocal heredity to new generations. Genetic Algorithms are traditional optimization techniques using directed random searches to locate optimal solutions in complex landscapes. This paper proposes a genetic algorithm based Cellular Learning with accelerated learning capability for function optimization. A Hybrid genetic algorithm combines local search with a more traditional genetic algorithm and it can be improved in convergent to optimum. Proposed Cellular Learning strategy is based on periodic and convergent behaviors in cellular automata, and on the theory of transmitting to offspring the knowledge and experience that organisms acquire in their lifetime. We demonstrated through analytical experiments that the proposed cellular learning strategy could find the global opyimum faster than conventional learning strategies. The hybrid genetic algorithm based on cellular learning is an optimization algorithm that is capable of accelerating convergence speed to global optimum.

일부 의과대학생의 음주 실태와 관련 요인

류소연,윤혜은,김기순,박종,강명근,박계남 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2004 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.29 No.2

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the drinking status and the related factors with problem drinking in some medical students. Methods : The study subjects were 345 premedical students (freshmen and sophomore) and medical students (sophomore) in a medical school who replied to the self-administered questionnaire survey during March 2002. The questionnaire was composed of general characteristics, drinking status, social value about drinking, health status, satisfaction of life and alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) . Results : The experience rate of drinking was 88.8% in male and 88.3% in female and it was tended to increase with going up the grade. Prevalence of hazardous, dependence, harmful and problem drinking classified by AUDIT score criteria were 66.2%, 3.0%, 7.0% and 5.1% in male and 34.9%, 0.9%, 1.9%, 1.9% in female. In male, the statistically significant related factors to Al JDIT scores were grade, religion, maternal drinking status, social value about drinking, affectionate feelings of those around one and satisfaction of life. Only social value about drinking was statistically significant correlated factor with AUDIT scores in female. As a result of multiple regression analysis, the related factors with AUDIT scores were sex, maternal drinking status, satisfaction of life and social value a bout drinking. Conclusion : The experience rate of drinking in medical students was higher than that in other college students. Grade, family drinking history, negative psychological feelings, social value about drinking were risk factors to problem drinking.

마이크로스트립 대역통과필터의 設計

具然健,金斗根,李漢明 弘益大學校 1983 弘大論叢 Vol.15 No.2

A procedure for designing a band-pass filter of quarter-wavelength microstrip resonator with interdigital array is presented. After the design curve is determined experimentally by the resonance phenomena of several pairs of resonators, the microstrip interdigital filter for center frequency of 700 MHz and fractional bandwidth of 20% is designed. It is obtained that the fractional bandwidth is 19.43%, centered at 695 MHz. An experimental results show that the computed values almost agree with measured values except for the ripple which is negligible.

서울시 일부 대학생들의 건강습관과 건강상태의 관련성 연구

옥찬명,문인옥,김연희 대한보건협회 2001 대한보건연구 Vol.27 No.3

The purpose of this study was to find the association with the health practices and health status for university students. The subjects were taken 804 university students in seoul. The data were collected by self-administered questionnaire during 2 weeks from October 15, 2000. The findings were as follows: 1. Only 33.3% of the subjects had taken a health education-related class. 2. The male students showed better health practices than females on no snacks (p<0.001), going to bathroom regularly(p<0.001), taking a walk(p<0.01), and doing exercise(p<0.001). On the other hands the female students showed better practices such as no smoking and no drinking. 3. Religious showed higher health practice scores than non-religious ones(p<0.001). 4. Seventy five point nine percent of the respondents were in healthy group showing significant difference by sex (p<0.001) with 2.79 odds ratio. 5. The healthy group showed better health practices than non-healthy group such as on going to bathroom regularly(p<0.01), taking a walk (p<0.01), and having low stress(p<0.001). And the healthy group got more stress than the unhealthy group showing significant difference statistically (p<0.001). 6. To designate the factors influencing students' health status, logistic regression analysis has been done. According to the results of this analysis, health practices, and sex were selected as significant factors associated with the health status. The students who got higher health practices perceived their health better than lower health practices with odds ratio [OR] = 3.73 (p<0.001). And health practices had the most significant effect on health status. And the odds ratio of good health status was 2.61 for male students(p<0.001).

동아시아 복지체제론의 재검토 : 복지체제 유형 비교의 방법론적 문제와 동아시아 복지체제 유형화의 가능성 Methodological Problems in Comparing Welfare Regimes and the Possibilities of Identifying East-Asian Welfare Regime

김연명 한국사회복지정책학회 2004 사회복지정책 Vol.20 No.-

최근 국제학계 혹은 국내에서도 동아시아 사회복지 및 동아시아 복지체제론의 가능성에 대안 관심이 높아지고 있다. 특히 동아시아 복지체제는 주로 에스핑 안데르센의 복지체제 유영론을 바탕으로 이루어지고 있는데 이 논의에서 상당한 방법론적 오류가 발견되고 있다. 서구의 국가들은 에스핑 안데르센의 분류기준으로 분류한 유영을 받아들이고 동아시아 국가들은 다른 분류기준을 근거로 독립된 복지체제 유영을 논하는 것은 서로 다른 연상을 동일한 차원에서 논의하는 오류에 해당된다. 이러한 오류에 빠지지 않기 위해서는 유형 분류의 속성과 측정 기준의 설정이 매우 중요하다. 이런 점을 근거로 이글에서는 에스핑 안데르센이 사용한 복지체제 유형의 분류기준으로는 동아시아의 복지체제의 특징을 제대로 포착할 수 없으며, 동아시아 국가에서 공통적으로 나타나는 사죄복지의 특징을 포힘하여 에스핑 안데르센의 지표를 확대, 재구성하여 동아시아 복지체제의 가능성을 검토해 보자는 제안을 하였다. 이를 위해 이 글에서는 동아시아적 특징을 부각시킬 수 있는 조세지출, 기업복지, 가족의 사적소득이전 등 몇 가지 중요한 지표의 중요성을 부각시켰다. 물론 이 논문에서 주장했듯이 새로운 지표를 구성 한다면 이 지표로 기존의 서구 국가들도 재분류를 해야 에스핑 안테르센으로 대표되는 복지체제 유형론을 방법론적으로 올바르게 적용하는 것이며 서구 일반이 아닌 서구의 서로 다른 복지체제와 구별되는 동아시아 국가의 복지체제의 특징이 드러나게 될 것이다. Recent days, there has been an international, let alone domestic, trend in which scholars pay increasing attention to social welfare in East Asia and attempt to find a possible way of putting it in the category of welfare regime, a framework that is widely accepted in the academic community of comparative social policy. But, such an attempt has mainly relied on the Esping-Andersen's methodological framework of identifying different welfare regimes in western society, unfortunately producing a methodological mistake in applying for East Asian welfare system. While accepting the Esping-Anderson's criteria in identifying welfare regimes in western society, academics use different attribures in suggesting East Asian welfare regime. It is mistake to discusses different welfare traits between the West and the East under the same denomination of welfare regime. In this context, this article argues that the Esping-Andersen's welfare regime criteria have limits in identifying the characteristics of the welfare state in East Asia, and thus that we need to restructurize it. to take into account the different traits commonly found in the East Asian welfare system. This will help us explore a possibile way of defining a East-Asian welfare regime. For this, this article emphasized such factors as tax expenditure, occupational welfare, and private income transfer between family members as distinctively found in the East Asian welfare system. As suggested in this paper, the new framework of welfare regime approach should be applicable for both the East and the West welfare systems, because this will justify us in using the Esping-Anderson's criteria in the correct way. But, at the same time, the new framework will help us identify the traits of the East Asian welfare system which are different from that of the West.

뇌졸중환자재활에 있어서 가정간호의 효율성

노명희,정경순,강지연 김천과학대학 2001 김천과학대학 논문집 Vol.27 No.-

The purpose of current study was to explore the cost - effcctiveness, health outcomes and family caregiver burdens of home care nursiny for stroke patients. Consideriny cost-effectiveness only home care is much better than institutional care for patients with chronic illness like strokes. But it remains controversal when the cost of family labour is considered. Also considering of care for patients with severe physical disabilities, institutional care is more appropriate than home care. Then decisions concerning the appropriate type of care setting for patients with severe chronic illness remain difficult In the view of health outcomes, home care based on appropriate service promotes activities of daily living (ADL), quality of life related to health and returning to daily life. However, family caregivers may have labour consume of physical, psychological, social and economical aspects and reach severe imbalance of life. Therefore, the authors suggest that it's necessary to develop effctive and economic home rehabilitation care programs supporting not only patients but also family caregivers

mecA 양성 메티실린 내성 포도구균의 mec 조절유전자에 대한 분자역학적 연구 및 다양성 분석

우희연,이남용,맹성호,한승훈,인경수,김상욱,성승용,김익상,최명식 대한화학요법학회 2000 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.18 No.3

목적 : 병원 감염과 지역 감염의 원인균으로서의 중요성이 증가되고 있는 MRSA와 MRCNS의 메티실린 내성 관련 유전자에 대해 분자역학적인 조사를 시행하고 mec 조절유전자의 다양성을 분석하여 분자유전학적 연구와 감염 관리에 기본적 자료를 제공하고자 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 본 연구에서는 국내 동일 대학병원에서 분리된 mecA 양성 MRSA 78균주와 MRCNS 36균주를 대상으로 항균제 감수성 검사와 중합효소연쇄반응을 시행하여 표현형과 유전형의 분포를 알아보고 내성 정도와 유전형의 상관성을 분석하였다. 결론 : 최소억제농도를 측정하여 oxacillin 감수성 양상을 알아본 결과 총 90개의 MRSA 임상검체 중 3균주에서 감수성을 보였고, MRCNS 36균주는 모두 내성을 보였으며, 고도 내성을 보이는 균주일수록 다제내성을 보이고 있었다. 중합효소연쇄반응으로 mecA 유전자 유무를 분석하여 mecA 양성을 보인 MRSA 78균주와 MSCNS 36균주 만을 대상으로 mec 조절유전자에 대한 중합효소연쇄반응을 시행하여 유전형의 분포를 조사하였다. 그 결과 MRSA와 MRCNS 모두에서 mecA-Pr-mecA-mecR1-mecI형, mecA-Pr-mecA-mecR1형과 mecA-Pr-mecA-mecR-1의 5′말단형의 3가지 유전형이 공통적으로 관찰되었는데, 이외에 MRSA에서는 mecA-mecR1형, mecA-mecR1의 5′말단형이, MRCNS에서는 mecA-Pr-mecA형과 mecA형이 추가로 분리되었다. 유전형의 분포를 연도별로 분석한 결과 연도별로 우세한 유전형이 서로 다른 것을 알 수 있었다. 유전형과 내성 정도의 상관성을 분석한 결과, mecA-Pr-mecA-mecR1을 보유한 MRSA의 경우 mecA 억제유전자로 생각되는 mecI 유전자 유무에 관계없이 모두 고도 내성을 나타내어 mecI의 유무는 내성 정도와는 일정한 관련이 없었으나, MRSA와 MRCNS 모두에서 mecI와 동시에 mecR1의 3′말단이 결혼된 유전형이 저도 및 중등도 내성을 보이는 균주에서 유의하게 많이 관찰되어 mecI가 결손된 균주에서는 mecR1의 3′말단부위의 유무가 내성 정도의 결정에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 생각하였다. 결론 : 국내에서 분리되는 메티실린 내성 포도구균의 유전형의 분포가 국외 분리주와 차이를 보이는 것으로 관찰되었다. 또한 기존의 보고와는 달리 메티실린 내성 정도와 유전형 사이에 유의한 연관성이 있는 것으로 관찰되어 mec조절유전자가 내성 발현 뿐만 아니라 내성 정도의 결정에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 관찰되었다. MRSA가 중요한 감염균임에도 불구하고 아직까지 MRSA의 내성기전에 대해 확실하게 규명되지 않아 치료가 더욱 어려워지고 있는 실정이므로 이에 대한 더욱 종합적인 연구와 동시에 발생과 확산을 막기 위한 노력이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Background : High prevalence of methicillin resistance has been noticed in staphylococci which also have been recognized as important nosocomial and multi-drug resistant pathogens. In this study, we investigated the distribution of mec regulator genes and the presence of the mutation in mecIgene to reveal the resistance mechanism at molecular level. Methods : The isolates included 90 clinical isolates of MRSA, 36 MRCNS of which methicillin resistance were determined by disk diffusion test and isolated in a single hospital during 1996-1999. We performed microdilution MIC test for oxacillin resistance and Kirby-Bauer test for other antibiotics. Genotypes of mecA positive (determined by PCR) isolates (78 MRSA, 36 MRCNS) were investigated by PCR amplification of mec regulator genes such as 3' end and 5' end of mecR1. mecI, and Pr-mecA. Results : In MIC assay, all MRSA strains except 3 strains and all MRCNS strains showed oxacillin resistance. The level of resistance correlated to the multi-drug resistance. Seven genotypes were observed in mecA positive MRSA and MRCNS. Differences of predominant genotypes among years isolated and among species were observed. Deletions of the 3' end of mecR1 and the mecI were more frequently observed in the low- and borderline-level resistant MRSA and MRCNS (P(0.05). So the important role of 3' end of mecRI in determining resistance level was suggested. Conclusion : This study demonstrated that genomic distribution of methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolated in Korea was different from that of strains isolated in other countries. And important role of mec regulator genes for expression of methicillin resistance was suggested.

퍼머제의 중금속 농도에 관한 연구

윤복연,문덕환,박명희,황용식,함성애,손병철,김대환,이창희,김휘동,이채언 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.5

Objective : This study was conducted to prepare the fundamental data on heavy metal concentration in hair permanents agents and to prevent the health impairment due to heavy metal. Methods and Material : The author determined of 5 heavy metals(Pb, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Cu) concentration hair permanent agents in the market with flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results : The results were as follows: 1. The geometic mean concentrations of total subjects were 0.04㎍/g for Pb, 0.09㎍/g for Cr, 0.06㎍/g for Mn, 0.03㎍/g for Ni, and 0.04㎍/g for Cu. 2. The most highest mean concentrations of heavy metals in hair permanent agents by using type were Cr for wave agent and straight cream agent, Cu for setting iron agent, Cr and Cu for coating perm agent. 3. Metal most hlghest mean concentrations of heavy in hair permanent agents by type of color was green for Cu. 4. The mean concentration of Cu among 5 heavy metals in hair permanent agents by marker was most highest. 5. There was most statistically significant difference on mean concentration in hair permanent agents between domestic and foreign products. 6. The exposure amount of heavy metal concentration by one time using the permanent agent were 4.O㎍ for Pb, 9.O㎍ for Cr, 6.0㎍ for Mn, 3.O㎍ for Ni and 4.0㎍ for Cu. Conclusion : As above results author suggest to prepare the preventive program of health impairment due to heavy metal by long term chronic exposure to who were using the hair permanent agents hair designer and customers.