Immobilization with Ketamine HCI and Tiletamine-Zolazepam in Cynomolgus Monkeys

Myung-cheol Kim,Sung-hyeok Hong,Soo-jin Lee,Young-suk Kim,Jae-il Lee 대한수의학회 2003 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.4 No.2

with Ketamine HCl and Tiletamine-Zolazepam in Cynomolgus MonkeysJae-il Lee, Sung-hyeok Hong, Soo-jin Lee, Young-suk Kim and Myung-cheol Kim*Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, KoreaReceived March 4, 2003 / Accepted July 2, 2003J. Vet. Sci. (2003), 4(2), 187-191JOURNAL OFVeterinaryScience*Corresponding author: Myung-cheol Kim Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea Tel: +82-42-821-6757, Fax: +82-42-822-4216 E-mail: mckim@cnu.ac.kr

이명직 목사와 일제시대 한국성결교회의 부흥운동

박명수 ( Myung Soo Park ) 현대기독교역사연구소 2002 성결교회와 신학 Vol.7 No.-

예수의 비유언어와 하나님 나라

김명수 국제기독교언어문화연구원 2000 기독교언어문화논집 Vol.4 No.-

Dr. Myung Soo Kim 2000. Jesus Figurative Language and Heavenly Kingdom. Collected Papers on Christian Language Culture. This paper aims at inquiring into Jesus' inspiring his disciples with eschatological consciousness through figurative education toward Heavenly Kingdom. In order to adumbrate(foreshadow) the truth of Heavenly Kingdom, Jesus illustrates the events and facts arising from everyday life figuratively in many-sided way. For the purpose of achieving it, from a historical point of view, this paper can be seen to illustrate the theories of many thinkers, theorists, and philosophers such as A. Jülicher, C. H. Dodd, J. Jeremias, W. Marxsen, D. Lührmann, E. Jüngel, C. S. Mann, and Lao-tzu from the Oriental and the Occidental. In this paper, Jesus finds the hope of Heavenly Kingdom in "automate" growing seeds of life figuratively. Especially, Lao-tzu, the ancient Chinese philosopher, can be found to advocate the worldview of "quietism" like "Let it be!" Accordingly, this paper suggests that the quietism "Let it be!" should be the language of wisdom for the salvation of the moderns against modern material prosperity.(Prof. New Testament Studies, Kyung-Sung University)

『주역참동계』에 나타난 의학사상 연구

임명진 ( Myung Jin Im ),김병수 ( Byung Soo Kim ),강정수 ( Jung Soo Kang ) 대한한의학원전학회(구 대한원전의사학회) 2011 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.24 No.5

According to 『Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑)』, 『the Shinnong Herb Bible(神農本草經)』, 『Chamdonggo(參同攷)』, come to the conclusion about medical thought of 『the Zhouyi Cantongxie(周易參同契)』. Alchemy is a common field both on the eastern and western civilization, but a process of development is different. Ancient chinese alchemist made a study on external alchemy, but harmful consequences of external alchemy was consecutive, many scholars had turned their interest on internal alchemy which is related in human meridian biology and spirit. In the western alchemy has developed to make a study on analytic psychology and science of religion. Most importantly, the eastern and western alchemy have something in common what at the point of the perfection of self is similar, but the name is different, for example in the eastern alchemy we can be immortals and take a spiritual enlightenment with the elixir of life, in the western we can take a cure of souls as a christian. As for internal alchemy, 『Cantongxie(參同契)』 gives influence to the theories such as the theory of danjeon(lower part of the abdomen), evolution, aging, and life nurturing. Especially, the theory of danjeon shows such merit for studying since it is similar to triple energizers(三焦) and the theory of qi street(氣街) of oriental medicine. The study on 『Cantongxie(參同契)』 was achieved in Korea too, especially Chosun dynasty. 『Candongkao (參同攷)』 by Seo Myung-eung(徐命膺, 1716~1787) are representative. According to 『Candongkao(參同攷)』, Geon(乾), Gon(坤), Gam(坎), and Ri(離), the four trigrams for divination, each are affiliated with lungs, spleen, kidneys, and heart. Nowadays the study on alchemy correspond with modern trends, which are anti-aging and living without any disease. If processed mineral drugs is assured for stability, it can be used for incurable diseases such as cancer.

과즙의 혼용첨가에 의한 고추장의 양조

염혜수,전명숙,노봉수,이택수 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 1995 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.6 No.-

고추장 담금시 첨가하는 물 대신 pineapple 과증에 딸기, 사과, 대추, 토마토 과즙을 혼합 첨가하여서 제조한 고추장의 성분은 다음과 같다. pH는 담금직후에 5.35~5.43였으며 이후 감소하는 현상을 보여 120일에는 4.80~4.91였다. 각 시험구간의 pH는 큰 차이는 보이지 않았다. 아미노태 질소는 담금직후에 57~99mg%에서 120일에는 161~175mg%로 증가하였다. 각 시험구간의 차이는 근소하난 숙성 전과정을 통하여 딸기 혼용구가 과즙 무첨가구에 비하여 다소 높게 나타났다. 유리당의 함량은 glucose, fructose, maltose의 순이었으며, 유리당 함량이 가장 높았던 120일에는 딸기 혼용구, 과즙 무첨가구, 복합과즙 혼용구의 순으로 높았고 사과 혼용구는 가장 낮았다. 환원당 함량은 시험구간에 큰 차이는 없는 편이나 숙성 중기까지는 과즙 무첨가구가, 60일 이후에는 대추 혼용구가 대체로 높았다. Protease의 활성은 숙성과정 중 대체로 증가하였는데 딸기 혼용구와 복합과즙 혼용구가 과즙 무첨가구에 비하여 활성이 높았다. β-Amylases는 담금직후에 5.20~5.90%를 나타내었으나 60일에는 6.25~17.88%로 활성이 최대에 달하였으며 과즙 무첨가구와 복합과즙 혼용구가 다소 높은 활성을 보였다. EthyI alcohol은 담금직후에 0.8~5.4mg%로 극미량이었으나 120일에는 561~1,568mg%로 급격히 증가하였다. 시험구별로 보면 대추 혼용구와 복합과즙 혼용구가 가장 높았고, 과즙 무첨가구가 가장 낮았다. The compositions of kochujang with various mixed fruit juices instead of water were analyzed during the 120 days of fermentation. At the beginning stage of making, pH were in the range of 5.35 ~5.43, and decreased as fermentation time passed. After 120 days, pH were in the range of 4.80 ~ 4.91. At the beginning stage of making, contents of amino nitrogen were in the range of 57 to 99 mg% and after 120 days fermentation, 161~175 mg% were. There was little difference of amino nitrogen among the groups. During the fermentation, the amino nitrogen contents of strawberry juice group was higher than that of control group. The order of free sugar contens detected in kochujang was glucose, fructose and maltose. Free sugar contents of kochujang were high after 120 days of fermentation for control group. Protease activity was increased during fermentation, and the strawberry juice group and the mixed fruit juice group showed higher protease activity than control group. At the beginning stage of making, the contents of ethyl alcohol were in the range of 0.8 to 5.4 mg%, and these were rapidly increased to reach 501~1,568 mg% after 120 days. Alcohol contents of the jujube juice group was higher than any other groups.

몽골의 ‘복속’ 인식과 蒙麗관계

고명수(Koh Myung-Soo) 고려사학회 2014 한국사학보 Vol.- No.55

13세기 초 몽골제국 건립 시기 몽골 지배층은 세상의 모든 지역·사람들을 정복과 지배의 대상으로 인식하는 독자적인 세계관을 형성했다. 그리고 주변국 군주의 친조를유일한 복속의 표시로 간주하고, 그 순서에 따라 복속국 군주의 공적과 지위에 차등을 두었다. 이러한 세계관과 대외정책 방식에 입각하여 주변국에게 국왕친조를 조건으로 하는 ‘실제적’복속을 요구하고, 거부할 경우 혹독한 군사정벌을 단행하여 유라시아 대부분을 정복·지배했다. 몽골은 건국초기 개시된 고려와의 관계에서도 그들의 전통적 세계관과 대외정책 방식을 그대로 적용시켰다. 강동성전투 시기 양국의 첫 접촉 후 그들은 줄곧 고려에게 국왕친조를 요구하고, 고려가 그것을 회피하자 여러 차례 군대를 일으켜 고려를 침공했다. 전쟁 기간 고려는 전통적 조공책봉체제 인식 틀 안에서 강동성전투 시기 이미 복속했다고 주장했으나, 몽골은 국왕친조를 결여한 고려의 복속을 인정하지 않았다. 이러한 양측 인식의 불일치가 30년 전쟁의 주된 요인으로 작용했다. 1260년 쿠빌라이와 고려태자 왕전의 만남 후 원종이 몽골에 친조하여 고려의 ‘실제적’ 복속이 이루어졌다. 그러나 무신집권기 고려가 출륙환도와 조군의 요구를 성실하게 이행하지 않자 몽골은 고려복속의 진정성을 의심했다. 결국 몽골의 지원을 받은 고려왕실이 무신정권을 타도한 후 출륙환도, 삼별초 진압, 왕실통혼, 일본정벌 과정을 겪으면서 고려복속에 대한 몽골 지배층의 의구심과 불신감이 해소되어 비로소 양국관계가 안정되었다. 그러나 쿠빌라이 치세 말기까지 몽골 지배층은 여전히 고려가 오랜 항전 후 늦게 복속했다는 인식을 갖고 있었다. 쿠빌라이 사후 고려는 칭기스칸 시기 몽골에 가장 먼저 복속했다는 ‘솔선귀부’ 기억을 생산하여 몽골과 교섭할 때 적극 활용했다. 몽골 역시 카안과 황실의 위상을 높이기 위해 고려와 우호관계를 유지할 필요가 있었으므로 그것을 쉽게 수용할 수 있었다. 이러한 고려의 외교활동은 몽골 지배층의 인식을 변화시켜 외교분쟁 시기 그들이 고려의 입장을 지지하도록 유도하기도 했다. 솔선귀부 기억은 고려가 몽골과 교섭할 때 자신의 입장을 관철하는 효과적인 수단으로 작용했다. 그러므로 솔선귀부 기억의 생산과 활용은 몽골에 대한 고려의 능동적·성공적 외교활동 사례로 평가될 만하다. When the Mongol Empire was established, its ruling class formed its unique world view to regard all regions and peoples in the world as the target of conquest and domination, and considered audience of the kings of the surrounding nations(親朝) as the only symbol of subjection. Based on which, it forced its neighbor countries to ‘actually’ subject themselves to it under the condition of direct rule by Mongol, and in case they resisted, it carried out harsh military conquest and subjugated and governed most of Eurasia. Mongol also applied its traditional world view and foreign policy to its relation with Goryeo. Accordingly, Mongol kept demanding Goryeo to accept its direct rule, but when Goryeo avoided it, the country rose up an army and invaded Goryeo several times. During the wars, Goryeo argued that it had already subjected itself to Mongol at the time of Gangdongseong(江東城) battle, but Mongol didn’t acknowledge its submission without direct rule. This disagreement for understanding of the two became the main reason for the Thirty years War. As Wonjong(元宗) accepted the direct rule by Mongol after the meeting of Khubilai and Wangjon(王?)-the crown prince of Goryeo-in 1260, the ‘actual’ subjection of Goryeo was completed. However, when Goryeo during the rule by military officials didn’t faithfully fulfill Mongol’s demands, Mongol doubted the sincerity of Goryeo’s subjection. Eventually, its suspicion was resolved while Goryeo’s royal family went through the returning to the capital from Ganghwa to Gaegyeong(出陸還都), suppression of Sambyeolcho(三別抄), intermarriage between royal families, and conquest of Japan after overthrowing the military regime. Finally the relation between the two countries was stabilized. Yet, until the end of Khubilai’s rule, they thought that Goryeo submitted to them too late after a long period of resistance. After the death of Khubilai, Goryeo produced the memory of ‘the first voluntary subjection’(率先歸附) and made good use of it when negotiating with Mongol. Mongol also needed to maintain friendly relation with Goryeo in order to enhance the status of Qa’an and the imperial family, so Mongol could accept it easily. The memory of ‘the first voluntary subjection’ worked as an effective means for Goryeo to carry through its position when negotiating with Mongol. Therefore, its production and use can be evaluated as an active and successful case of Goryeo’s diplomatic activity targeting Mongol.

이명직의 성서강해 연구

박명수(Park Myung-Soo) 한국기독교역사연구소 2004 한국기독교와 역사 Vol.21 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyse several Bible expositions (Matthew, Daniels, Songs of Solomon, Romans, Ruth, Hosea, Revelation) written by Lee, Myung-Chick during 1920s. Rev. Lee has been called the father of the Holiness Church for long time. He had been the chief administrator of the Holiness Church and the principal of the Kyung-Sung Bible School (now, Seoul Theological University) for several decades. However, he was also the famous Bible expositor in Korean Church. He wrote many Bible expositions in his life and published them in monthly the Living Water. His exposition of the Bible had influenced the Holiness Church as well as the Korean church in general. In 1920s, Korean society confronted secularization of western culture, communism from Russia, and liberal theology of western church. In this context, Lee had tried to maintain the Full (or pure) Gospel of the Bible. He had criticized secularization very strongly, considered communism as anti-Christ, and attacked liberal theology as a threat of Christianity. After description and analysis of the Bible exposition, the writer concludes the main characteristics of the Bible expositions by Lee, Myung-Chick as followings. First, Rev. Lee tried to read the Old Testament from Christological perspectives. He found many Christological figure in the Old Testament. Second, he stood in the tradition of the Wesleyan Holiness movement, key teaching of which is the Holiness experience by the Baptism of the Holy Spirit. Third, his framework of the Bible interpretation is premillennialism. For Rev. Lee, Chiristian should live in the shadow of the second coming of Christ. Fourth, his emphasis on holiness and the second coming of Christ led to attack secularization as anti-Christ. Christian should not follow this world. Here Holiness movement considered as anti-secularization movement. Finally, Rev. Lee explained the Bible from woman’s perspectives. Of course, Rev. Lee is not feminist. However, all Christian should be a bride of the coming Christ, the bridegroom of all believers. For him, Daniels, Ruth, and the woman of Solomon in the Songs were the examples of true bride of Christ. Church history sometimes considers as history of the Bible interpretation. The Bible interpretation principles of Rev. Lee had heavily influenced the Korean Holiness Church.

양전자방출단층촬영을 이용한 초점주의와 작동기억의 뇌 활성화 양상 비교

김재진,조상수,김명선,손정우,이재성,이동수,이명철,권준수 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.2

연구목적: 단순 초점주의 과제와 보다 고도의 집중을 요하는 작동기억 과제를 수행하는 동안의 뇌 활성화 양상을 비교하여, 두 인지기능 과정을 매개하는 정상적 신경회로의 특성과 차이를 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 방법: 정상인 14명을 대상으로 시각처리 대조 과제, 단순 초점주의 과제, 작동기억 과제 등 세 가지 인지과제를 주고, 과제 수행 동안 [□O]H₂O를 추적자로 한 양전자방출단층활영을 실시한 후 감산분석을 통해 초점주의와 작동기억의 신경회로 지도를 작성하여 비교분석하였다. 결과: 초점주의 동안 활성화되는 부위는 좌측으로 편측화되고 산발적으로 분포하는 양상이었고, 특히 전대상이랑과 운동영역을 포함한 전두엽, 일차 및 이차 시각피질 등의 활성화가 특징적이었다. 작동기억 동안의 뇌 활성화 역시 산발적 분포와 좌측 편측화 양상이 관찰되었으나, 시각피질보다는 전두엽의 활성화가 우세하였고, 특히 우측 전대상이랑의 현저한 활성화가 특징적이었다. 결론: 초점주의와 작동기억은 개념적으로 공통점과 차이점을 내포하고 있는 것처럼 매개 신경회로에서도 공통 혹은 특이한 영역을 각각 가지며, 전대상이랑의 역할이 두 기능에 공통적으로 중요하고, 이차 시각피질과 전전두피질이 두 기능 각각에 더 중요하게 작용하는 것 같다. Objectives:This study was undertaken to identify neural substrates for simple focused attention and more highly-focused working memory i normal people and investigate their characteristics and differences. Method: Fourteen normal subjects were studied with [□O]H₂O positron emission tomography during a visual processing baseline task, simple focused attention task and working memory task. Results were analyzed with the subtraction analysis to map the neural correlates of focused attention and working memory. Results: Activated areas during focused attention tended to be lateralized to the left and scattered over various regions including the anterior cingulate, motor area, and primary and secondary visual cortices. While the areas activated during working memory also show the left lateralization and scattered distribution, activation prevailed more in the frontal lobe than in the visual cortex, and was particularly remarkable in the right anterior cingulate. Conclusions: Focused attention and working memory do not have only conceptually commonalities and differences but also have common and specific areas in their neural substrates. The anterior cingulate may commonly play an important role in both cognitive functions, whereas secondary visual cortex and prefrontal cortex seem to be predominantly implicated in each function, respectively.

捻轉法이 竝行된 鍼刺戟 및 電鍼刺戟이 鎭痛效果에 미치는 影響

Park, Dong-Seok,Kim, Ji-Hoon,Min, Byung-Il,Oh, Soo-Myung 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Dong-Seok Park¹, Ji-Hoon Kim¹ and Byung-Il Min, Soo-Myung Oh,³¹Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, College of Medicine, ²Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, And ³East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University,Seoul, Korea. Analgesic Effect of Manual Acupuncture and Electroacupuncture combined with Twirling Method. Proceeding of International Symposium on East-West Medicine Seoul. 187-200, 1999.-Twirling the needle (TN) is one of several needing methods frequently used for acupuncture in the oriental medicine. The present study was conducted to see if TN enhanced the antinociceptive effect produced by plain-or electroacupuncture in the rat tail flick test. Rats (Sprague-Dawley, 200-300g)lightly anesthetized with thiopental sodium(40mg/kg, i.p.) were used in the tail-flick test. The basal reaction time for tail-flick was 2 sec. For "plain" acupuncture(PA), a needle was inserted for 20 min into a Chock-samni (ST36) acupuncture point which (is located at the anterior tibial muscle and about 10mm below the knee joint). For electroacupuncture(EA), train-pulses(3 Hz,0.3-ms pulse width, 0.2-0.3mA) were applied to the inserted needle for the period of insertion. For combining TN with either PA or EA, TN was performed during the each acupuncture period. Two methods for TN were used; twirling 3 times for 1 second persisted for 1 min in every 5 mins(long-duration and long-interval;LDLI) and twirling 3 times for 1 second persisted for 10 sec in every 1 min(short-duration and short-interval;SDSI). PA and EA produced an increase in tail flick latency (TFL); peak increases were 21.3±5.1% and 42.1±17.3% of the pre-acupunture control, respectively, and occurred immediately after cessation of 20min-acupuncture. Performing TN combined with PA increased TFL more than PA itself by showing a greater peak increase in TFL when performed with a SDSI-TN than with a LDLI-TN(60.6±12.5% and 42.7±22.7% of the pre-acupuncture control, respectively). Performing TN combined with EA also increased TFL more than EA itself and a greater peak increase in TFL was observed with a SDSI-TN as compared to a LDLI-TN(77.5±13.8% and 67.3±14.0% of the pre-acupuncture control, respectively). These results indicate that TN enhances both PA-and EA-produced antinociception where an greater enhanced antinociception than a LDLI-TN. It is suggested that performing a SDSI-TN combined with EA seems to be one of the most effective ways to produce analgesia.

생약제제인 이공산(異功散)의 Cisplatin 유도 신장독성 보호 및 항산화 효과

Lee, Kyung-Tae,Ahn, Kyoo-Seok,Chang, Sung-Goo,Oh, Soo-Myung,Jung, Jee-Chang 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Kyung-Tae Lee, Kyoo-Seok Ahn¹, Sung-Goo Chang², Soo-Myung Oh²and Jee-Chang Jung²¹College of Pharmacy, ²Oriental Medicine and ³College of Medicine, and East-West Medical Reserch Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. Preventive and Antioxidative Effects of Crude Drug Preparation(E-kong-san) on Cisplatin Induced Nephrotoxicity. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 201-211, 1999. -Nephroprotective effects of a crude drug-prearation (E-kong-san) were determined from cisplatin on rabbit kidney proximal tubule and human renal cortical cells by MTT assays and sustained glucose consumption on ciplatin-induced human renal cortical tissue. Levels of creatinine and blood ure nitrogen(BUN) in serum after administration of cisplatin(0.75mg/kg,i.p.) to E-kong-san(0.75g/kg/day,p.o.)-pretreated rats were markedly lower compared to those of cisplatin-treated rats. Moreover, the administration of E-kong-san significantly inhibited the loss of body weight of cisplatin injected rts. These findings suggest that E-kong-san on the cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity led us to investigate whether the effect of this water extract was a result of anti-oxidation. E-kong-san showed strong free radical scavenger activities on 1,1-dipheny1-2picrylhydrazil(DPPH) radical and xanthine/xanthine oxidase(XOD) generated superoxide anion radical(O2-). We further studied the effects of E-kong-san on lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes induced by enzymatic and nonenzymatic methods. E-kong-san exhibited significant inhibition on both ascorbic acid/Fe2+and ADP/NADPH/Fe3+ induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. Based on these results, we suggest that-E-kong-san attenuate the cisplatin induced cytotoxicity and its mechanism can be eplained by antioxidant.