Continuous Improvement System on Outcome Planning and Assessment: Case Study of UFE

Munkhzaya Batbaatar(Munkhzaya Batbaatar ),Saranchimeg Nasanjargal(Saranchimeg Nasanjargal ) 적정기술학회 2023 적정기술학회지(Journal of Appropriate Technology) Vol.9 No.3

Purpose of Research: The move to outcome-based education necessitates a process of continuous improvement for academic programs including outcome-based planning, implementation, and assessment. UFE has been demonstrating a commitment to academic excellence through emphasizing outcome-based education since 2009. To do so, the university initiated and developed undergraduate program policy and regulations that indicate learning outcomes at each level including the course and programs. In other words, it shows how course learning outcomes support the programs and we constantly try to measure and evaluate them accordingly. Our learning outcomes model is based on a three-level hierarchically structured definition of learning outcomes that consistently apply to both the entire undergraduate program as well as to each individual course and faculty use this model to design, monitor, and revise both the entire curriculum as well as each individual course on an ongoing basis. As part of this development, the program learning outcomes are being integrated into the information system to link each course's learning outcomes. The new system will make it possible to perform a detailed data analysis to directly assess the program learning outcomes. The overall process guides the university in planning, improving, implementing, and monitoring based on stakeholder satisfaction and performance analysis. This research focuses on quantitative and qualitative analysis of program learning outcomes based on student performance and stakeholder assessment to determine educational achievement, and which can be used in the decision-making about developing or updating programs. 1. During the planning process, we developed a curriculum matrix mapping program learning outcomes onto each of the individual courses and its tasks that would be automated by our information system. So, based on this data, to ensure that all outcomes are covered in at least one course, and preferably more than one. 2. Reviewing the assessment results of determined learning outcomes and its performance. Additionally, Student self assessment is used for this investigation. 3. As well as stakeholders’ assessments are designed and used as significant indicators of educational achievement. So, the gap analysis was employed to examine differences between student performance and the stakeholders’ assessments. 4. To review external stakeholders’ assessment which learning outcomes are preferred or not and their expectations are met. Methods of Research: The research employs a mix of quantitative and qualitative data collection methods to comprehensively assess program education objectives (PEO) and program learning objectives (PLO) at UFE. The following research methods are used in this research. • Quantitative Analysis: Quantitative data from assessments and student performance is statistically analyzed to measure the achievement of program learning outcomes. This includes descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, and potentially regression analysis to identify significant factors influencing outcomes. • Qualitative Analysis: Qualitative data, including stakeholder assessments and student self-assessment narratives, is analyzed using thematic analysis or content analysis to identify recurring themes, patterns, and insights. • Gap Analysis: The gap analysis assesses the differences between student performance and stakeholder assessments, high lighting areas where perceptions may differ. • External Stakeholder Assessment Review: The preferences and expectations of external stakeholders are analyzed to determine which learning outcomes are preferred and if they align with UFE's educational objectives. • By employing these research methods, this study aims to contribute valuable insights into the continuous improvement system of UFE and provide evidence-based recommendations for enhancing the outcome planning and assessment processes within the institution.

Specific Biological Activity of Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG) Glycosylation Sites in Cells Expressing Equine Luteinizing Hormone/CG (eLH/ CG) Receptor

Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa,Seung-Hee Choi,Hyo-Eun Joo,Sang-Gwon Kim,Yean-Ji Kim,Gyeong-Eun Park,Myung-Hwa Kang,민관식 한국발생생물학회 2021 발생과 생식 Vol.25 No.4

Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), produced by the endometrial cups of the placenta after the first trimester, is a specific glycoprotein that displays dual luteinizing hormone (LH)- like and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-like effects in non-equid species. However, in equidaes, eCG exhibits only LH-like activity. To identify the specific biological functions of glycosylated sites in eCG, we constructed the following site mutants of N- and O-linked glycosylation: eCGβ/αΔ56, substitution of α-subunit56 N-linked glycosylation site; eCGβ-D/ α, deletion of the O-linked glycosylation sites at the β-subunit, and eCGβ-D/αΔ56, double mutant. We produced recombinant eCG (rec-eCG) proteins in Chinese hamster ovary suspension (CHO-S) cells. We examined the biological activity of rec-eCG proteins in CHO-K1 cells expressing the eLH/CG receptor and found that signal transduction activities of deglycosylated mutants remarkably decreased. The EC50 levels of eCGβ/αΔ56, eCGβ-D/ α, and eCGβ-D/αΔ56 mutants decreased by 2.1-, 5.6-, and 3.4-fold, respectively, compared to that of wild-type eCG. The Rmax values of the mutants were 56%-80% those of wildtype eCG (141.9 nmol/104 cells). Our results indicate that the biological activity of eCG is greatly affected by the removal of N- and O-linked glycosylation sites in cells expressing eLH/ CGR. These results provide important information on rec-eCG in the regulation of specific glycosylation sites and improve our understanding of the specific biological activity of receCG glycosylation sites in equidaes.

Constitutive Activating Eel Luteinizing Hormone Receptors Induce Constitutively Signal Transduction and Inactivating Mutants Impair Biological Activity

Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa,Seung-Hee Choi,Dong-Wan Kim,민관식 한국발생생물학회 2021 발생과 생식 Vol.25 No.3

In contrast to the human lutropin receptor (hLHR) and rat LHR (rLHR), very few naturally occurring mutants in other mammalian species have been identified. The present study aimed to delineate the mechanism of signal transduction by three constitutively activating mutants (designated M410T, L469R, and D590Y) and two inactivating mutants (D383N and Y546F) of the eel LHR, known to be naturally occurring in human LHR transmembrane domains. The mutants were constructed and measured cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation via homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence assays in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells. The activating mutant cells expressing eel LHR-M410T, L469R, and D590Y exhibited a 4.0-, 19.1-, and 7.8-fold increase in basal cAMP response without agonist treatment, respectively. However, inactivating mutant cells expressing D417N and Y558F did not completely impaired signal transduction. Specifically, signal transduction in the cells expressing activating mutant L469R was not occurred with a further ligand stimulation, showing that the maximal response exhibited approximately 53% of those of wild type receptor. Our results suggested that the constitutively activating mutants of the eel LHR consistently occurred without agonist treatment. These results provide important information of LHR function in fish and regulation with regard to mutations of highly conserved amino acids in glycoprotein hormone receptors.

Creation on an effective deposit insurance system in Mongolia

Munkhzaya Batbaatar 한국로고스경영학회 2010 로고스경영연구 Vol.8 No.3

This article deals with some aspects to Mongolian financial systems and law (Guarantee of Deposit in bank). Because from 2008­10 decline deposit 20% per month. Most banks take high liquidity risk. So our government issued law “Guarantee of Deposit in bank”. It was implicit deposit insurance. This law made financial stability or instability. Therefore 2 banks run. Because government takes 100% risk, a well­designed deposit insurance system will provide incentives for citizens to keep the financial systems and poor designed deposit insurance system can foster a financial instability. The paper is divided as following: Conceptual frame work about Deposit insurance systems and Bank run International deposit insurance system Legal environment about deposit guarantee in Mongolia How to establish effective deposit insurance systems Variants and ideas suggested by author are attracting among researchers, politicians and other wide range of people. So our country must establish effective deposit insurance system.

Signal Transduction of Equine Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor (eFSHR) by rec-eelFSHβ/α, Natural Porcine FSH, and Natural Human FSH

Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa,Dae-Jung Kim,Myung-Hwa Kang,Kwan-Sik Min 한국동물번식학회 2018 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.42 No.1

In this study, we analyzed signal transduction by equine follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (eFSHR) on stimulation with recombinant eelFSHβ/α (rec-eelFSHβ/α), natural porcine FSH (pFSH), and natural human FSH (hFSH). cAMP stimulation in CHO-K1 cells expressing eFSHR was determined upon exposure to different doses (0-1450 ng/mL) of these hormones. The EC50 value of rec-eelFSHβ/α was 53.35 ng/mL. The Rmax values of rec-eelFSHβ/α and pFSH were 28.12 and 2.88 ng/mL, respectively. The activity of rec-eelFSHβ/α was much higher than that of natural pFSH. However, signal transduction in CHO PathHunter Parental cells expressing eFSHR was not enhanced by stimulation with natural hFSH. Thus, rec-eelFSHβ/α was completely active in cells expressing eFSHR. However, natural hFSH did not invoke a signal response in cells expressing eFSHR. Particularly, natural pFSH was weakly active in the same cells. These results showed that eelFSHβ/α has potent activity in cells expressing eFSHR. Thus, rec-eelFSHβ/α may efficiently bind to eFSHR, where as natural hFSH does not bind to eFSHR.

Signal Transduction of Eel Luteinizing Hormone Receptor (eelLHR) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor (eelFSHR) by Recombinant Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (rec-eCG) and Native eCG

Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa,So-Yun Lee,Dae-Jung Kim,강명화,민관식 한국발생생물학회 2018 발생과 생식 Vol.22 No.1

Previous studies showed that recombinant equine chorionic gonadotropin (rec-eCGβ/α) exhibits both follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)-like activities in rat LHR- and FSHR-expressing cells. In this study, we analyzed signal transduction by eelFSHR and eelLHR upon stimulation with rec-eCGβ/α and native eCG. The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) stimulation in CHO-K1 cells expressing eelLHR was determined upon exposure to differ-ent doses (0–1,450 ng/mL) of rec-eCGβ/α and native eCG. The EC50 values of rec-eCGβ/α and native eCG were 172.4 and 786.6 ng/mL, respectively. The activity of rec-eCGβ/α was higher than that of native eCG. However, signal transduction in the CHO PathHunter Parental cells expressing eelFSHR was not enhanced by stimulation with both agonist rec-eCGβ/α and native eCG. We concluded that rec-eCGβ/α and native eCG were completely active in cells expressing eelLHR, similar to the activity in the mammalian cells expressing LHRs. However, rec-eCGβ/α and native eCG did not invoke any signaling re-sponse in the cells expressing eelFSHR. These results suggest that eCG has a potent activity in cells expressing eelLHR. Thus, we also suggest that rec-eCGβ/α can induce eel maturation by administering gonadotropic reagents (LH), such as salmon pitu-itary extract.

Japanese eel Luteinizing Hormone (LH) : The Role of ASN–LINKED Oligosaccharides For Hormonal Activity

Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa,Jeong-Min Kim,So-Yun Lee,Mi-Hyang Yoo,Jeong-Soo Kim,Hoon-Ki Seong,Kwan-Sik Min 한국수정란이식학회 2016 한국수정란이식학회 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.10

The glycoprotein hormone family consists of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and thyroid stimulating hormone, which are secreted by the pituitary gland in all mammalian species, and choriogonadotropin (CG), which is secreted by the placenta in primates and equids. The hormones are composed of a common α subunit and a hormone specific β subunit which are non-covalently associated. Recent advances in biotechnology, particularly in the production of recombinant proteins, have provided opportunities to produce sufficient quantities of recombinant fish GTHs using various expression hosts. Japanese eel Anguilla japonica is one of the most important fish species being aquacultured in Japan but is hampered from the fact that this species does not reproduce in captivity. Artificial induction of gonadal maturation has been successful by administration of pituitary extracts or human chorionic gonadotropin, but the understanding the regulatory mechanism of gonadal development moderated by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) remains elusive due to lack of suitable amounts of eel gonadotropins (GTHs). In the present study, we produced tethered rec-eel LH and deglycosylated mutants (56, 79 and 56-79 of α subunit; 10 of β-subunit) of Asn-linked oligosaccharides in CHO suspension cells. Luteinizing hormone acts through binding to its specific receptor. Binding of ligand to the receptor activates the adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) pathway (McFarland et al., 1989; Ji and Ji, 1991a; Rose, 1998) and the inositol 1 phosphate (IP1) secondary messenger systems. After stimulation of eelLH/CG receptor transfected CHO cells with rec-LH wild type (wt) and mutant hormones as a ligand, production of cAMP and IP-1 were evaluated (Cisbio). cAMP IC-50 values by rec-eelLH wt; αΔ56; αΔ79; αΔ56_79 and βΔ10 were 606.2; 374.9; 100.3; 14.2 and 210.9 ng/ml, respectively. IP-1 IC-50 values by rec-eelLH wt; αΔ56; αΔ79; αΔ56.79 and βΔ10 were 28.3; 16.04; 4.3; 2.1 and 3.6ng/ml, respectively too. As seen in both of the second messenger production, general stimulatory pattern is analogous. cAMP and IP-1 stimulation by wild type and αΔ56, as well as αΔ79 and βΔ10 were approximate, but the stimulating effect of double mutant (αΔ56_ 79) was drastically higher. According to the data, deglycosylated eelLH may bind to the receptor with high affinity and cAMP production is gradually increased. Furthermore, receptor activation by tethered rec-eel mutant ligands (FreeStyle CHO-MAX Expression System) will be evaluated with β arrestin recruitment and GPCR internalization for N-linked oligosaccharides’ biological role in activation of eelLH/CGR.

HOW TO KNOW FINANCIAL CRISIS IN MONGOLIAN ECONOMIC EVIDENCE

Munkhzaya Batbaatar 한국로고스경영학회 2013 한국로고스경영학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.5

Biochemical Characterization of 20α-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase

Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa,Kwan-Sik Min 한국동물번식학회 2018 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.42 No.2

In this review, we have tried to summarize the evidence and molecular characterization indicating that 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20α-HSD) is a group of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) family, and it plays roles in the modulation and regulation of steroid hormones. This enzyme plays a critical role in the regulation of luteal function in female mammals. We have studied the molecular expression and regulation of 20α-HSD in cows, pigs, deer, and monkeys. The specific antibody against bovine 20α-HSD was generated in a rabbit immunized with the purified recombinant protein. The mRNA expression levels increased gradually throughout the estrous cycle, the highest being in the corpus luteum (CL) 1 stage. The mRNA was also specifically detected in the placental and ovarian tissues during pregnancy. The 20α-HSD protein was intensively localized in the large luteal cells and placental cytotrophoblast villus, glandular epithelial cells of the endometrium, syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta, the isthmus cells of the oviduct, and the basal part of the primary chorionic villi and chorionic stem villus of the placenta and large luteal cells of the CL in many mammalian species. Further studies are needed to determine the functional significance of the 20α- HSD molecule during ovulation, pregnancy, and parturition. This article will review how fundamental information of these enzymes can be exploited for a better understanding of the reproductive organs during ovulation and pregnancy.

Molecular Characterization of Constitutively Active and Inactive Equine FSH Receptor

Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa,Tae-Young Ahn,Kwan-Sik Min 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2018 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.06

Equine follicle-stimulating hormone (eFSH) is a member of the glycoprotein family with luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and equine chorionic gonaodotropin (eCG). These receptors called G protein-coupled (GPCR) receptor were synthesized in granulosa/theca and Sertoli/Leydig cells in ovary/testis. GPCRs are key signaling proteins that regulate nearly every aspect of cell function. GPCRs relay information from extracellular stimuli to intracellular responses in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. All of the receptors in this superfamily transverse the plasma membrane with seven highly conserved a-helices oriented with an extracellular amino terminus and an intracellular carboxy terminus. To access the functional effect of the activation mutant (D566G) and inactivations (A189V, N191I, R572C, A574V, and R633H) in the eFHSR, wild type and the mutated eFSHR were transiently expressed in CHO-K1 cells and cAMP accumulation was measured. The activity of activation mutant at residue 556 exhibits a 9.4-fold increase in basal cAMP accumulation. In the inactivation mutants, EC50 values of the 189 site was 73.2% compared to that of wild type receptor. The other site (191) does not affect in the cAMP responsiveness. Other 3 sites (572, 574, and 633), the EC50 values were detected 109.7, 118.9, and 115.3%, respectively. The mutation is localized in a crucial region of the transmembrane domain, highly conserved in all glycoprotein hormone receptors, and within the FSH receptor of different species. The same site (Asp-Gly) has been previously reported to lead to constitutive activation of these receptors (LHR, and TSHR). Those receptors were found in patients with pseudoprecocious puberty and thyroid adenoma, respectively. In summary, we have identified constitutively activating point mutations and inactivating mutations of eFSHR in CHO-K1 cells. Knowledge of those mutations will facilitate genetic counseling and diagnosis, as well as provide the basis to study the three-dimensional conformation of the receptor domains involved in ligand-binding and G protein activation. To our knowledge, this remains the sole example of a naturally occurring activating mutation of the FSH receptor described so far. Thus, the significance of naturally occurring polymorphisms in the FSH receptor is still unknown. We insist that some receptor variant or combination of variants is related to a higher incidence of reproductive disorders.