용어의 정립과 학문의 발전 "Literaturwissenschaft"의 번역문제

안문영 한국독일언어문학회 2004 독일언어문학 Vol.0 No.23

Die Fachterminologie ist das wichtigste Instrument, den betreffenden Fachbereich objektiv und systematisch m verstehen. Die deutsche Likratur setzt uns koreanischen Germanisten die philologische Erkenntnis voraus, fiir die die literaturwissenschafthche Terminologie eine unverzichtbare Roue spielt. Fiir uns als sog. ,Auslandsgermanisten' ist aber diese Terminologie keine Selbst-verstiindlichkeit, denn die Reze~on der deutschen Literaturwissenschaft muss parallel mit der bsetzung der fremden Terminologie vollzogen werden. Die Aufgabe der hersetzung erschwert sich wiedem durch den Umstand, dass vor allem die Zentralterminologie ,Literatur' dem historischen Wandel und somit einer gewissen Willkiirlichkeit unterliegt, wie Klaus Weimar sehr iiberzeugend beschrieben hat. Die jungste Namenstindenmg eines Literaturlexikons, d. h. von ,Reallexikon der deutschen Literaturgeschiahte' m ,Reallexikon der deutschen Literatumksensch@' manifestiert auch den gegenwiirtigen Stand dieser Disziplin. In der koreanischen Germanistik ist vor allem die hersetzung der Fachbezeichnung ,Literatmvissenschaft' umstritten. Dieses Wort wurde ins sino-koreanische Wort mun-ye-hak zum Ersten Mal in einem Aufsatz(l970) iibertragen und seitdem weitgehend verbreitet. Die Aquivalenz zwischen ,-hak' und ,-wissenschaft' ist allgemein anerkannt, wiirend ,mun-ye' als bsetzung von ,Literatur' wegen der einseitigen Betonung auf den Kunstcharakter des literarischen Werks kritisiert wird. Fur den gegenwiirtigen Stand der Literatunvissenschaft, die nicht nur die Beschaffenheit des ,sprachlichen Kunstwerks', sondem vielmehr dessen sozio-kulturellen Bedingungen sowie die Rezeptionsgeschichte umfasst, beschriinkt sich ,mun- ye' als Hauptkomponente dieser Fachbezeichnung auf einen zu engen, etwa seit den 7Oer Jahren aufgelosten Horizont. Es ist sehr waluscheinlich, dass diese hersetzung auf den japanischen Literaturprofessor Nag& Yoshie zurkkgeht. In seinern Buch 「文藝學槪論 (Einfuhnmg in die Wissenschaft des literarischen Kunstwerks」(1951) ist der Einfluss der werkimmanenkn Interpretation sehr evident. Urn dem vun Weimar angesprochenen Fehier, die intension' eines Begriffs willkirlich zu bestirmnen, auszuweichen, WW angemessen, statt ,mun-ye' einfach und neutral dem gelgufigen Sprachgebrauch folgend, ,mun-hak' fur Literatur und mun-hak-hak' fclr Literaturwiswnschaft zu benutzen.

The comparative analysis of satisfaction degrees between Korean and Canadian visitors to the 7ᵗʰ Gyeonggi International Ceremic Biennali (GICB)

Mun,Kwinam(Kwinam Mun),Lee,Mu-sung(Mu-sung Lee) 한국캐나다학회 2013 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.19 No.2

Since the year 2001 when the Gyeonggi International Ceramic Bienale (GICB) was held for the first time in Korea, it has attracted positive global attention as well as strong domestic interest. Under the banner of improvement of local image, strengthening of local economy, enhancement of local citizen's pride, each and every local government is making its utmost efforts to attract domestic and foreign tourists alike by selecting major local festivals since the year 2005 when local autonomy system went into effect nationwide. As of today, the total number of Korean festivals is about 758 (KTO, 2013) and the number of Korean international festivals is approximately 40. In that context, three cities in Gyeonggi -Icheon/Yeoju/Gwangju- also have been co-hosting GICB which is held every two years since 2001 so as to promote the festival as an international class festival. A few researches have been conducted on the Biennali, but their focus has been mainly on the satisfaction of domestic tourists about the festival as a whole. Since this year marks the 50th anniversary of Korea-Canada diplomatic relations, this paper tries to divide the festival into three cities for the purpose of comparative analysis, and compares the satisfaction degrees between Korean and Canadian visitors in particular to the 7th GIBC.

The expression patterns of RANKL and OPG in murine tooth eruption

Hwang, Kyung-Mun,Kim, Eun-Jung,Kim, Hyun-Jung,,Kim, Young-Jin,Nam, Soon-Hyeun 大韓小兒齒科學會 2006 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.33 No.2

치아의 맹출은 치아기 (dental organ)와 치조골의 세포와 연관된 매우 복잡한 과정이다. 우선 치아 맹출이 일어나기 전에 파골세포가 치낭으로 집결하게 된다. 이러한 치낭의 역할은 파골세포와 조골세포의 상호작용으로 이루어 지는 골개조와 밀접한 관련이 있는데, 이는 치아 맹출과 연관된 많은 유전자들이 치낭에서 발현되기 때문이다. RANKL는 TNF ligand family로써 조골세포에 존재하며 파골세포의 형성 및 전구세포로 부터의 활성화를 유도한다. 이러한 RANKL은 OPG에 의해 그 작용이 억제되며 RANKL와 OPG의 상대적인 비율이 파골세포의 형성에 영향을 미친다. 또한 Runx2유전자의 변이는 조골세포의 분화와 활성에 차질을 가져오고 결국 RANKL/OPG pathway를 통해 파골세포 형성에 영향을 줄 수 있다. 치아의 발육 및 맹출에 미치는 RANKL 및 OPG의 영향을 알아보고 Runx2와의 연관성을 알아보기 위해 in situ hybridization 방법으로 태생 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11일된 쥐의 하악 및 제1대구치를 사용하여 실험을 실시한 결과 RANKL, OPG, Runx2의 mRNA가 태생 1일부터 11일까지 치낭 및 치아주위조직에 특성있게 나타났다. 이중 태생 5일에서 9일 사이에 RANKL 및 Runx2는 치아의 교합면측과 하방 치조골 부위의 발현이 강하게 나타난 반면 OPG는 약한 발현을 보였다. 이는 또한 파골세포의 활성부위를 알아보기 위해 TRAP염색을 실시하여 태생 5일에서 9일 사이에 최대의 활성화를 나타낸 결과와 연광성 있게 나타났다. RANKL, OPG, Runx2의 특성있는 발현양상들을 종합해 볼 때, 치아 맹출은 치낭, 치아기, 치조골 사이의 상호 작용을 통해 이루어 지며, 이는 치낭이 치아 맹출에 있어서 매우 중요하다는 것을 의미한다. 또한, 이러한 유전자들 (RANKL, OPG, Runx2) 이 치아의 맹출에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 사료된다. Tooth eruption is a complex and tightly regulated process that involves cells of the tooth organ and the surrounding alveolus. Osteoclast precursors must be recruited into the dental follicle prior to the onset of eruption. This function of dental follicle may be regarded as the ability of bone remodeling characterized by the interaction of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. This is because tooth eruption is a localized event in which many of the genes required for eruption are expressed in the dental follicle. RANKL is a membrane-bound protein that is a member of the TNF ligand family, which is present on bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts, and induces osteoclast formation and activation from precursor cell. The biologic effect of RANKL is inhibited by OPG and, in bone, the relative ratio of RANKL and OPG modulates osteoclastogenesis. To evaluate the roles of RANKL and OPG in tooth eruption and the relations with the expression pattern of Runx2, in situ hybridization was performed with mandibles of mice at postnatal stage 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11. mRNA of RANKL, OPG, and Runx2 are expressed in dental follicle and surrounding tissue from P1 to 11. To determine the sites of osteoclastic activity duing tooth eruption, mandibles were dissected. Peak osteoclastic activity in alveolar bone along the occlusal and basal regions was observed from P5 to 9, with osteoclasts in these regions being large and strongly TRAP-positive. The specific spatic-temporal expression patterns of RANKL, OPG and Runx2 in our study suggest that tooth eruption could be progressed through the interactions of molecular signaling among dental follicle, dental organ and alveolar bone, furthermore it means that dental follicle is quite important in tooth eruption. In addition, it indicates that these genes (RANKL, OPG, and Runx2) play critical roles in tooth eruption.

死六臣의 思想과 文學 硏究

徐首生,金文基 慶北大學校 東洋文化硏究所 1979 東洋文化硏究 Vol.6 No.-

Sa Yuk Sin (six great sacrificed loyalists) are a incarnation of loyalty, because they censured immorality of King Se-Jo(世祖) who fled his nephew, King Dan-jong(端宗), and fought for King Dan-Jong's reinstatement. As Baekchon(白村) Kim Mun-Ki(金文起), a great loyalist, was also loyal to his principle and died for his Lord's reinstatement, we must adore him as loyal as Sa Yuk Sin. And so, we may call them Sa Chil Sin(死七臣) (seven great sacrifced loyalists). The characteristics of Sa Chil Sin's thoughts and their literary works are summarized as following. (1) They practiced the principle of loyalty itself, for they died to correct immorality and unjustice. (2) They made effort actively to establish the moral society on the basis of In(仁), the oriental humanism, and the equality of all the people. (3) They sacrificed themselves to preserve their integrity and wished for the peace of their nation than their welfare. (4) The spirits of their loyalty is eminently expressed on their chinese poetry and Sijo(時調). (5) They expressed their minds chiefly with four-to-eight line verses of chinese poetry, especially Sung Sam-Mun and Lee Gae wrote well with Jeolgu(絶句, chinese quatrain), and Park Paeng-Nyeon wrote well with Yulsi(律詩). (6) The subjects of Sijo(時調) written by them are mostly loyalty. And they symbolized the ideas of loyalty by comparative poetic dictions.

수치사진측량기법을 이용한 문화재의 3차원 모델링에 관한 연구

문두열,이봉재,신문섭,오상용 동의대학교 산업기술개발연구소 2005 産業技術硏究誌 Vol.19 No.-

고해상도의 디지털 카메라는 근거리 수치사진측량에서 널리 유용하게 사용되고 있으며 점차 활용도가 증가하고 있다. 또한 사진측량 장비의 급속한 발전으로 정밀도가 많이 향상되었고 컴퓨터를 이용한 지형공간정보체계기술의 발달로 더욱 정밀한 3차원 지형의 재현과 면적 및 토공량 산정이 가능하게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 휴대가 간편하고 수치영상의 자체저장능력을 지닌 디지털 카메라를 이용하여 촬영조건의 다양한 변화에 따른 위치오차를 분석하였으며 광속조정을 통하여 높은 정확도의 화소 좌표를 획득하여 3차원 지형의 모니터링을 위한 기초 자료로 사용할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 근거리수치사진측량기법의 국부지역모형생성과 문화재의 보존과 복원을 보다 효율적으로 하기 위해 수치정보 분석에 관한 연구를 수행하여 봉분의 3차원 구현에 대한 활용방안을 모색하였다. Digital high resolution cameras are widely available, and are increasingly use in digital close-range photogrammetry. And photogrammetry instruments are developing rapidly and the precision is improving continuously. The building of 3D terrains of high precision are possible and the calculation of the areas or the earthwork volumes have high precision due to the development of the technique of the spatial information system using computer. Using the digital camera which has capacity of keeping numerical value by itself and easy carrying, we analyze the positioning error according to various change of photographing condition. Also we try to find a effective method of acquiring basis data for 3D monitoring of high-accuracy in pixel degree through digital close-range photogrammetry with bundle adjustment for local terrain model generation and 3D embodiment of tumulus. In the study is about to efficient analysis of digital information data for conservation of cultural properties.

동물성 섬유에 대한 Lac추출물의 염색성(II) : 매염방법과 매염제 종류의 효과 Effects of mordanting methods and various mordants

박문영,김호정,이문철 한국의류학회 2003 한국의류학회지 Vol.27 No.9,10

The purpose of this study is to investigate surface color change and effects of mordants on the K/S values of silk and wool fabrics dyed with Lac extract, according to the mordanting methods and conditions such as temperature, concentration and time of the mordanting bath. The results were as follow: 1. K/S values of the silk and wool fabrics according to the temperature of the mordanting bath were shown a slight decline beyond 40℃. 2. Surface color of the silk changed from red to reddish purple and that of the wool showed red tone when mordanted with Aluminum postassium sulfate, Copper acetate and Copper (Ⅱ) sulfate regardless of the mordanting conditions. 3. The light and dry cleaning fastness of silk and wool fabrics dyed with Lac extract according to the mordanting methods were very good.

聞慶地方의 九曲園林과 九曲詩歌 연구

김문기,안태현 慶北大學校 退溪硏究所 2004 退溪學과 韓國文化 Vol.- No.35-2

문경지방에는 선유구곡, 쌍룡구곡, 화지구곡, 석문구곡 등 유명 구곡원림이 4개나 존재하는데 선유구곡 원림은 보존 상태가 양호하고 각 곡의 지점 고증도 비교적 용이했으나 쌍룡구곡 원림과 석문구곡 원림은 지점을 고증하는 데 어려움이 다소 많았고 화지구곡 원림은 저수지 축조로 인하여 훼손이 심각하였다. 선유구곡 원림은 둔덕산 계곡을 따라 약 1.8Km에 걸쳐 전개되고 었는데 다행히 제2곡부터 제9곡까지 각 지점의 구곡명이 석각되어 선명히 남아 있으나 제1곡만은 홍수로 유실되어 지점이 불분명했으므로 금번 학술조사를 통하여 고증하였다. 정태진이 지은 선유구곡시가 외선유구경시와 함께 전하고 있는데 본격적인 입도차제를 노래했다기보다 각 곡의 경물을 통하여 성리학적 이념을 표출한 감흥존양의 시라 볼 수 있다. 쌍룡구곡 원림은 도장산 기슭 약 4Km에 걸쳐져 제1곡 입문으로부터 제9곡 홍유동까지 기암절벽과 맑은 물이 조화를 이루어 절승을 이루고 있다. 쌍룡구곡시는 선유구곡시보다는 흥취를 많이 표출하고 있으나 전체적으로 볼 때에는 경물에 대한 이념적 인식을 통하여 도학적인 삶을 추구하였다. 화지구곡 원림은 제1곡 마포(말개)로부터 하늘재라고 부르는 제9곡 대원까지 약 16km에 걸쳐 전개되는데 제6곡 산문개는 저수지 공사로 훼손되었고 제4곡 고루성과 제8곡 관음원이 금번 조사에서 새로 고증되었다. 권섭이 지은 화지구곡시는 경물에 대한 객관적인 인식을 통하여 흥취를 사실적으로 표현하고 있는데 이는 기호학파 구곡시가의 시적 경향을 정통으로 계승한 것이다. 석문구곡 원림은 제1곡 농청대로부터 제9곡 석문정까지 약 9Km에 걸쳐 전개되는데 채헌이 직접 경영하던 원림으로 비교적 잘 보존되어 전하고 있으나 제6곡 '반정'의 지점을 고증하는데 어려움이 많았다. 석문정구곡가는 가사체로 되어 있고 석문정구곡시는 무이구곡가의 차운시인데 속세를 떠나 가어옹의 삶을 살면서 도심을 밖고자하는 지취를 표출하고 있다. 문경지방의 구곡시가 중에서 선유구곡시와 쌍룡구곡시, 석문구곡가의 경물 인식은 이념적 인식 방법을, 화지구곡시의 경물 인식은 객관적 인식 방법을 취하였다. 그리고 문경지방 구곡시가의 시적 형상화는 주로 이미지를 통하여 이루어졌는데 이념적 인식을 바탕으로 창작된 선유구곡시, 쌍룡구곡시, 석문구곡가의 경우는 맑고 밝고 고요하고 삽상한 이미지로 청정한 도심을 형상화 하고 있었으며 경물에 대한 객관적 인식을 바탕으로 창작된 화지구곡시의 경우는 밝고 깨끗하고 고요하고 한가로운 이미지의 시어를 많이 사용하고 사실적인 묘사의 방법을 통하여 구곡 경물에 대한 자아의 흥취를 효과적으로 표출하였다. 문경지방의 구곡원림과 구곡시가는 그 경관의 빼어남과 시가의 문학적 의의로 볼 때 매우 중요한 문화재적 가치를 지니고 있다. 따라서 이들 4개소의 구곡원림을 관광 명소화 하여 문경의 자연과 문화의 우수성을 알린다면 지방문화 발전에 크게 이바지 할 것으로 본다. There are four famous Gu-Gok Gardens(九曲園林) in Munkyung province. The followings are Seonyou-Gugok. Ssangyong-Gugok, Hawji-Gugok, Seok mun-Gugok. The garden of Seonyou-Gugok is well preserved. The points of each valley were also relatively easy for us to research. Contrary to this, Hawji-Gugok were damaged seriously by a reservoir construction. I had to have also lots of difficulties from the historical point of view in Ssan gyong-Gugok and Seokmun-Gugok The garden of Seonyou-Gugok has had fortunately the name of Gu-gok with carving them clearly from second valley(二曲) to ninth valley(九曲). I researched first valley(一曲) this time. The point of first valley(一曲) was ambiguous in that it was washed away by the flood. Seonyou-Gugok poetry, written by Jeong Tae-jin, expressed the Doctrines of Chu-tza getting through of the scenery of each valley. The garden of Ssangyong-Gugok extends around four kilometers from the foot of Dojang Mountain. We can see that fantastic rocks and stones are harmonizing with clear water from the entrance of first valley(一曲) to Hongyoudong of ninth valley(九曲) Ssangyong-Gugok poetry expresses more amusements than what Seonyou-Gugok poetry does. But as a whole, the former, Ssangyong-Gugok poetry, reveals moral philosophic living through the ideological recognition on the scenery in comparison with the other, Seonyou-Gugok poetry. The sixth valley of Hawji-Gugok, so-called 'Sanmungae', was damaged by a reservoir construction. The fourth valley, Goruseong and the eighth one. Gawneumwon were researched newly in this research. Hawji-Gugok poetry, written by Gweon Seop, expresses amusements realistically through the objective recognition of each valley. This means Hawji-Gugok poetry legitimately succeeded to the tendency of Gugok poetry of Gi-ho(畿湖) doctrinal faction. The garden of Seokmun-Gugok has relatively preserved very well. On the other hand, I had lots of troubles with researching the point of the sixth valley called the 'Banjeong'. Seokmunjeong-Gugok song is written in Ga-sa(歌辭). It represents the significance and delight(志趣) that a poet-tries to train the moral mind(道心) with living as a supermundane fake fisherman(假漁翁). Of the four Gu-gok poetries in Munkyung province, Seonyou-Gugok poetry, Ssangyong-Gugok poetry and Seokmun-Gugok song choose the method of the ideological recognition on the scenery. Hawji-Gugok poetry chooses the method of objective recognition. All of four poetries obtain the poetic configuration with an image. Seonyou-Gugok poetry, Ssangyong-Gugok poetry, Seokmun-Gugok poetry make all the configuration of the clear moral mind(道心) with a clear, bright, calm and crisp image. On the one hand, Hawji-Gugok poetry use the poetic dictions that reveals a clear, pure, calm, free image. It also expressed the amusements of self on the scenery of Gu-gok effectively through the method of realistic description.

인터넷 광고에 대한 이론적 고찰

이종호,서문식,김문태 釜山大學校 經營 經濟 硏究所 1999 經營 經濟 硏究 Vol.18 No.2

인터넷마케팅의 관심이 폭발적으로 증가하고 있는 지금, 인터넷 전자상거래의 증가와 더불어 인터넷 광고의 발전가능성이 크게 증대되고 있는데 본 논문을 통하여 인터넷 광고의 잠재성, 그 중에서도 소비자, 광고주, 마케터들의 인터넷 광고에 대한 인식, 인터넷의 다른 매체에 대한 영향, 인터넷 광고의 효과 및 효과측정에 대한 문제를 자세히 이론 고찰하여 미래 인터넷 광고전략을 위한 기본 틀을 숙지한다. The Internet has received a great deal of attention in the media lately due to it's tremendous growth among consumers and business alike. Acceptance and usage of the internet is so phenomenal that many experts are having difficulty in monitoring its grown. Estimates of internet users are as high as 35 million and internet advertising recorded the highest level of revenues during the third quarter of 1997, totaling in the $227.1 Million in United Stated. While a growing number of companies are interested in developing an internet presence, there is still a great deal of confusion about it and what this new medium has to offer to the advertising community. Moreover it is difficult to compare advertising effectiveness on the internet related to standard media, such as broadcast and print, because current measures of advertising effectiveness are not standardized and E-Commerce is not adopted with sufficient number of people that we could use sample with cost-effective way specially in korea. In this distance, we reviewed previous researches those related to internet advertising, and this will be the framework of future internet advertising research.

Fe-29%Ni-17%Co 코바 합금의 고온 내산화성 및 열간 가공성에 미치는 Mo 첨가의 영향

이기안,조창완,성병근,김병문,김문철 대한금속ᆞ재료학회 2006 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.44 No.3

골프스윙시 근육협응관계 구명을 위한 EMG 분석

심태용,신성휴,오승일,문정환 한국운동역학회 2004 한국운동역학회지 Vol.14 No.3

T. Y. SHIM, S. H. SHIN, S. I. OH, J. I-. MUN. EMG Analysis for Investigation Muscle-Collaborated Relationship during Golf Swing. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 177-189, 2004. Kinematic and kinetic analysis using 3D Motion Capture system are common, yet there is little in the literature that discuss the relationship and coactivity between muscles during the golf swing. The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between the employed 16 muscles during golf swing. We could observe 3 muscle patterns such as 'Line' shape, 'L' shape, and 'Loop' shape for the golf swing activity. The 'Line' shape indicates that two muscles act almost perfectly in phase, and the 'L' shape represents that two muscles act in a reciprocating manner(When one is active, the other is quiescent and vice versa). And the 'Loop' shape indicates that two muscles act sequently(After one is active, the other act). In these results, we knew the muscle patterns during golf swing is similar to the patterns during gait. And we presented it was possible to show the consistence of golf swing through the frequency analysis of muscle patterns. We believe that the results potentially useful for the golf players and coaches to analyze their performance.