National Socialism and dissent among the ethnic Germans of Slovakia and Croatia, 1938--1945

Morrissey, Christof Nikolaus University of Virginia 2006 해외박사(DDOD)

The velvet revolutions of 1989-1991 that rearranged Europe's political map also altered the landscape of its historiography, creating new interest in "ethnic cleansing," particularly of Germans from the east and southeast following World War II. Since notions of "collective guilt" have always been implicit in the expulsion debate, historians might have been expected to shift their attention to the experiences of these Germans under Nazism in the years before 1945, Surprisingly, Christof Morrissey's study on the Germans of Slovakia and Croatia represents one of the earliest attempts to analyze ethnic German diasporas under Nazism using current understandings of how the dictatorship functioned in ordinary people's lives and drawing on post-1989 research into the Nazi racial empire. Histories of ethnic Germans under National Socialism traditionally fall into one of two categories. The majority, often written by "expellee" authors, focus exclusively on one German "ethnic group," defined by the international boundaries of the day. Most others approach the subject from the vantage point of Berlin's foreign and "Germandom" policies, only rarely considering views from within the diasporas. Anthropological or social-historical studies, for example of German migration to the Danube basin, sometimes transcend such conceptual limitations but usually only touch on Nazism as the tragic closing chapter of a much longer history. Morrissey breaks these molds. His study of Germans in two of the Reich's "client states" considers their experiences in the context both of Reich policies and their Slavic "host countries." He examines how ethnic German experiences varied, not only between states but between regions and social groups. In doing so, Morrissey lends a voice to a wide range of actors who represent dissenting (and consenting) viewpoints and testify to considerable diversity within the German populations. Employing the concepts "dissent" and "fields of conflict" defined by religion, political ideology, class, and ethnic identity, Morrissey identifies and explores "fault lines" within ethnic German populations to reconstruct how different groups and individuals responded to National Socialism. In addition to outlining particulars of ethnic German experiences in Slovakia and Croatia, he illuminates the general nature of Nazism in the diasporas. Morrissey draws on organizational, regional, and state archives in Germany, Slovakia, and Croatia. He makes extensive use of archival material previously unexplored in Western historiography, while integrating memoirs and expellee histories as both primary and secondary sources. National Socialism and Dissent among the Ethnic Germans of Slovakia and Croatia, 1938-1945 contributes to the growing scholarship on individual and group behavior under National Socialism, the emerging body of work on ethnic Germans in the Nazi racial empire, and the literature on interethnic relations.

Grounding the standing to prosecute atrocities

Morrissey, Clair The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 2010 해외박사(DDOD)

Crimes against humanity are widespread and systematic attacks on civilian populations, sometimes committed by officials of a state against citizens of that state. These atrocities are inhumane acts that intentionally make the lives of the victims impossible, intolerable or indecent. In the words of the International Criminal Court these crimes "shock the conscience of mankind." In the aftermath of these atrocities victims and those who stand in solidarity with them call for justice. But who has the authority to answer this call for justice? More pointedly, if we are to respect the political autonomy of states, how could any international institution have the standing to prosecute perpetrators of a crime that has occurred solely within the borders of that state?. In response to this question, I develop an Alternative Cosmopolitan Account (ACA), wherein I argue that an international tribunal could have the standing to redress these crimes in virtue of being part of a global institutional structure necessary for fulfilling the demands of justice, in particular, by making determinate the content of what we owe to one another as members of a global moral community. I begin my account with a commitment to minimal cosmopolitanism: that each person stands in a morally salient relationship with each other person, and that this requires that we view one another as objects of moral concern. I argue that the obligations we have to one another in virtue of this relationship are not determinate without a mediating political institution that can provide a coherent, univocal, enforceable system of law. This problem of indeterminacy requires a global mediating institution that articulates both law between states (international law) and between individuals (cosmopolitan law), of which the prohibition on crimes against humanity is a part.

Active sleep and its role in central nervous system development

Morrissey, Michael J Saint Louis University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

The aim of this study is to identify a possible function of Active Sleep (AS) as a protective state during early Central Nervous System (CNS) development. Previous research suggests pharmacological agents that inhibit high levels of neuronal activity in the CNS (e.g. benzodiazepines, ethanol, and anesthetics) precipitate massive CNS programmed cell death (PCD), in developing mammals. AS is characterized by high levels of CNS activity at levels comparable to waking. AS occupies up to 75% of the circadian cycle in developing mammals [rodents from postnatal days 1 to 14 days (p1--p14), and in humans from prenatal month 7 to postnatal year 1]. Many studies have implicated AS as having an important role in the normal development of the visual system and have documented a myriad of behavioral anomalies as a result of AS deprivation. Reduced adult brain mass has also been observed after AS deprivation in developing rats during this period, however, no study to date has documented this process as it occurs (i.e., the cellular mechanisms that result in behavioral anomalies or reduced adult brain mass). The purpose of this study is to begin documentation of this process by utilizing histological techniques that identify the PCD process, if it occurs, after acute and prolonged AS deprivation in rats from ages p7 to p12 (a time of active synaptogenesis). Our methodology includes utilization of the alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine, and the selective serotonin reuptake blocker clomipramine to deprive rat pups of AS at ages varying from p7 to p12. Data from our laboratory has shown that an acute exposure to clonidine significantly reduces time spent in AS. Animals that were AS deprived demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in brain mass and have stained positively for PCD above normal levels.

A history of early field experience in the Music Education Division of the School of Music of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1968--1998

Morrissey, J. Dennis University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

The purpose of this study is to document a history of the development and practice of early field experience (EFE) in the Music Education Division of the School of Music of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) from 1968 to 1998. The study is organized into six chapters. Chapter 1 serves to introduce the study and explain the research design. Literature related to research on early field experience comprises Chapter 2. Chapter 3, a survey of early field experience in teacher preparation in the United States from 1776 to 1998, provides the historical background for this study. The following chapter presents a history of early field experience in the UIUC Music Education Division for the years 1968–1979, a period of EFE experimentation. In Chapter 5 that history is continued, encompassing the years 1979–1989, a period of EFE stabilization, and 1989–1998, a period of EFE reexamination. The final chapter provides a summary of the history of early field experience in the UIUC Music Education Division as presented in the previous two chapters, a set of five conclusions, a larger context within which to understand the significance of the UIUC Music Education Division EFE story, and suggestions for further research.

Peace or war? Religion in the debate before the Iraq war

Morrissey, Christopher A University of Notre Dame 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

In this dissertation, I analyze religious actors debating the decision to go to war in Iraq in 2003 as well as the religious cultural dimensions of the larger public discussion. I argue that one cannot adequately explain the country's entry into the war without understanding the role of public Christianity in the argument for it. Furthermore, by analyzing elite religious advocacy both opposed and in favor of the conflict, I theorize the sets of identity relations and cultural repertoires that explain whether religious advocates will support or criticize state-sponsored violence. I find that the varying identity relations between religion, nation, and state largely predict religious advocates' positions on the war. Given these basic religious positions, I then explicate the constellation of symbolic codes that inform and sustain the basic positions of religious advocates vis-a-vis war. These include the nature and constitution of political order, the nature of evil, the role of peace---particularly as it relates to the political order, the proper object of Christian love, and the value and practicality of nonviolence in the world. Additionally, I analyze patterns of discourse that differentiated between war supporters and war opponents---war supporters used less secular discourse than war opponents. I find that the social and political context primarily explains the particularly religious tenor of these actors. Advocates' sense of identity and their expertise influenced how they participated in the debate. Finally, I find the social sources of these distinct positions. Significant social contact with victims of structural violence tended to lead advocates to positions against the war. The dissertation concludes with a consideration of the direct contributions of this dissertation to academic understandings of religion, politics, war, and peace as well as its contributions to knowledge about public religion's relations to the politics of war and peace in America and our understanding of the relations between religion and violence.

FROM THE TEMPLE TO THE CASTLE: AN ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY OF EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY BRITISH LITERATURE (JOHN MILTON, JOHN VANBRUGH, ALEXANDER POPE, THOMAS GRAY, HORACE WALPOLE)

MORRISSEY, LEE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 1995 국내박사

Theoretical and computational studies in protein folding, design, and function

Morrissey, Michael Patrick Harvard University 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

In this work, simplified statistical models are used to understand an array of processes related to protein folding and design. In Part I, lattice models are utilized to test several theories about the statistical properties of protein-like systems. In Part II, sequence analysis and all-atom simulations are used to advance a novel theory for the behavior of a particular protein. Part I is divided into five chapters. In Chapter 2, a method of sequence design for model proteins, based on statistical mechanical first-principles, is developed. The cumulant design method uses a mean-field approximation to expand the free energy of a sequence in temperature. The method successfully designs sequences which fold to a target lattice structure <italic>at a specific temperature</italic>, a feat which was not possible using previous design methods. The next three chapters are computational studies of the double mutant cycle, which has been used experimentally to predict intra-protein interactions. Complete structure prediction is demonstrated for a model system using exhaustive, and also sub-exhaustive, double mutants. Nonadditivity of enthalpy, rather than of free energy, is proposed and demonstrated to be a superior marker for inter-residue contact. Next, a new double mutant protocol, called exchange mutation, is introduced. Although simple statistical arguments predict exchange mutation to be a more accurate contact predictor than standard mutant cycles, this hypothesis was not upheld in lattice simulations. Reasons for this inconsistency will be discussed. Finally, a multi-chain folding algorithm is introduced. Known as LINKS, this algorithm was developed to test a method of structure prediction which utilizes chain-break mutants. While structure prediction was not successful, LINKS should nevertheless be a useful tool for the study of protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions. The last chapter of Part I utilizes the lattice to explore the differences between standard folding, from the fully denatured state, and cotranslational folding, whereby one end of a protein is synthesized and released before the other. Cotranslational folding is shown to accelerate folding kinetics, particularly when the target backbone contains many local contacts. Additionally, cotranslation is shown capable of “guiding” a model protein into a metastable, local contact-rich state, despite the existence of a true native state of much lower energy. In Part II, a model is developed for the behavior of <italic>PrP</italic>, a unique mammalian protein which has been shown to possess two native states. The pathogenic “scrapie” state <italic>PrP<super>Sc</super></italic>, which has not been structurally characterized, is known to trigger conversion of the characterized endogenous conformation <italic>PrP<super>C</super></italic> into additional <italic>PrP<super>Sc</super></italic>, Residues 144–153 are shown to form <italic>the most</italic> hydrophilic naturally occurring alpha-helix, out of a broad database with more than 10,000 candidates. The novel β-nucleation model proposes that <italic>PrP<super>Sc</super></italic>, is not a distinct mono-molecular state, but is rather a β-sheet-like aggregate centered around helix-1 components of multiple <italic>PrP</italic> molecules. The remainder of Part II uses molecular dynamics simulations to support the β-nucleation hypothesis, and to propose a system of peptide ligands which may arrest the process of prion propagation.

Understanding health through the eyes of rural adolescents

Morrissey, Joanna Lynn The University of Iowa 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

The purpose of this study was to develop a theory grounded in the health experiences of rural adolescents. By exploring the embodied experiences within a unique population of rural Iowan adolescents, many who are overweight/obese and/or of Hispanic descent, the developed theory was also used to inform a tailored health intervention for middle school students. The review of the literature revealed that the study of adolescent physical activity and body image concerns is largely measurement driven, and often explored from a deficit perspective. Thus, there remains a gap in the literature regarding the contextualized experience of health. This project used a qualitative approach to generate a theory grounded in stories adolescents shared regarding their health. Eighteen adolescents (13--15 years old) participated in one-on-one interviews. Grounded theory principles were used to understand how personal health experiences were socially constructed and explored the meanings participants derived from such experiences. An unstructured interview guide was used to gather information on health, physical activity, nutrition, and body image. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Charmaz's (2006) version of grounded theory. A total of 28 codes emerged from the data to construct the Theory of Embodied Health and Wellness. The complex interplay of personal health behaviors, eco-sociocultural influence, and everyday experience mold adolescents' embodied health and wellness experiences. Participants reported a wide range of personal, social, cultural and environmental influences on their health experiences. Feeling in control, connected, and competent were major themes in how participants experienced, maintained, or challenged their health experiences within their sociocultural environment. In addition to constructing the Theory of Embodied Health and Wellness, this project engaged adolescents in conversations related to their own health experiences to develop a sociocultural tailored health intervention. This project provides a practical example of how the target population of an intervention can be included during the formative research phase to ensure the intervention is tailored to meet their needs and interests.

Intervention training with a focus on differentiated curriculum and teachers' attitudes toward the gifted in regular elementary school classrooms

Morrissey, Mary Lynch Teachers College, Columbia University 2006 해외박사(DDOD)

The purpose of this study is to examine the differences between the treatment group and the control group (which has not had the intervention) with regard to elementary school teachers' knowledge, attitudes, and intentions to use certain strategies regarding academically talented learners. This study followed a quasi-experimental design. Using and pre-test---post-test format, I attempted to determine whether there was a change in teacher attitudes as a result of a course about the gifted and the importance of differentiated curriculum for the gifted. Thirty one experienced elementary school teachers participated in the study. Data were collected through the use of a beliefs questionnaire designed to assess attitudes about academically diverse students. There were 15 participants in the treatment group and 16 participants in the control group. The treatment group took part in 4 workshop training sessions that lasted 2 hours each over a period of 8 weeks. The findings of the study reveal that teachers in the treatment group changed their attitudes toward gifted students as a result of the training intervention. However, the teachers in the treatment group did not change their attitudes toward differentiated curriculum for gifted learners.

Strain accumulation and shakedown in fatigue of titanium-aluminum-6-vanadium-4

Morrissey, Ryan Jerome Georgia Institute of Technology 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

Previous research has shown that Ti-6Al-4V exhibits pronounced stress ratio effects under High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) loading. At high stress ratios (R > 0.7), a transition of failure mode occurs from traditional surface fatigue crack initiation and growth to bulk-dominated damage initiation and coalescence of multiple microcracks consistent with a ductile tensile test. Ratchetting was shown to occur at these high stress ratios, leading to progressive strain accumulation until final failure. This study investigates the microstructural origins of this stress ratio transition in HCF using computational micromechanics. The effects of microstructure on cyclic microplasticity and mean stress effects were also examined. A 2-D crystal plasticity model incorporating nonlinear kinematic and isotropic hardening at the slip system level is implemented into the finite element method to simulate the cyclic plasticity behavior. The finite element model is used to qualitatively understand the distribution of microplasticity in this alloy under various loading conditions. For typical HCF stress amplitudes, it is shown that microstructure scale ratchetting becomes dominant at R = 0.8, but is insignificant at R = 0.1 and 0.5. Phase morphology and orientation distribution are shown to affect the microscale plastic strain distribution in terms of the location and magnitudes of the plastic shear bands that form within clusters or chains of primary α grains. The results of the finite element modeling are also considered in light of experimental results.