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A Study on the Feasibility of Win-Win Growth in Wholesale Market
Jong-Moon WON 한국유통과학회 2020 The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business( Vol.11 No.4
Purpose: At a time when the distribution industry is dominated by capital and technology, win-win growth among businesses groups (BGs) in wholesale market is becoming a social issue. Therefore, through analysis of market growth, market concentration (MC) and market power (MP), we want to identify the structure of the wholesale market and the competitiveness of the BGs in terms of market share (MS), sales-profit ratio (SPR), and labor productivity (LP) to explore the possibility of win-win growth. Market situation: Wholesale and Retail sales ratio (W/S) continues to increase, which also means inefficiency in distribution channels or opportunities in wholesale markets. Wholesale sales have grown 8.3 percent annually over the past 15 years, while the number of companies and workers has declined since 2017, which is why some restructuring is believed to begin in the wholesale industry. In terms of MC and MP, the growth potential of SBG can be found in FCB, ARM, FBT and CME BTs. Methodology and data: Through ANOVA and Regression Analysis, the 2015 Economic Census Data of KOSTAT was analyzed. Results: The results of ANOVA show that statistically significant SBG has a larger MS than LBG. The SPR was not different among BGs. LP is higher for LBG than for other BGs. Regression results show that the employment weight (EW) and the company size (SC) have positive effects on the MS, but the company weight (CW) and employment size (SE) have negative effects. In the case of SPR, the CW is positive and the EW is negative. In addition, LP appears to be more positive as SC in the BGs is larger. Conclusions: Although there is sufficient potential for SBG in the wholesale market, there is a problem that needs to increase LP. Therefore, the SBG needs to restructure in terms of number of companies and SC to improve the efficiency of employment. In terms of MC and MP, the SBG looks for possibilities in FCB, ARM, FBT and CME BTs. In addition, SBG that seeks higher returns with human services rather than simple sales is found to be competitive in the HHG, MES and CME BTs.
濟州道 特産物의 輸出增大方案에 關한 硏究 : 水産物을 中心으로 with an emphasis on the export of marine products
文元錫 제주대학교 1983 논문집 Vol.16 No.2
The ultimate goal of economic development in Korea is to achieve the economic independence through export promotion and to realize a welfare state. In order to the export-first policy for Korean economy, it is indispensable for us to expand tile export volume for each area. But, the export of Cheju-Do is occupying only a petty portion in the development of Cheju-Do. The actual export of Cheju-Do in 1981 was $19,271,000, 0.1% of the total export of Korea, which is only about 3% of gross product of Cheju-Do residents (W464,573,000,000). However, since the income source for fishermen in Cheju-Do is the marine products, for increasing the income of fishermen, the export of Cheju-Do should be continuously expanded. Through the export expansion, we can make 100% of the foreign currency obtaining rate, keep the price structure of marine products, develop the fisheries industry and modernize the life in Cheju-Do. The purpose of this thesis is to study the present status and problems of the export of marine products from Cheju-Do, centering on the marine products occupying 82.5% of total products of Cheju-Do, and to suggest the method of export promotion to be used for the establishment of long-term export promotion plan for Cheju-Do. Content of this thesis are as follows: In Chapter I, the necessity of the export of marine products from each ara of this country was presented, and I elucidated the method and contents of study for the export promotion in order to make them the basis principles for writing this thesis. In Chapter Ⅱ, I studied the general trend of fisheries industry in Cheju-Do. It is an actual status that the development of the fisheries industry there is falling behind greatly although there are a lot of fishing grounds with considerable natural advantages in Cheju-Do. In case of fishing boat, fishery using the small-size fishing boats is prevailing there, which shows the premodernity of fisheries in Cheju-Do. Of course, it can be regarded as unavoidable because there is not enough fishing ports which have the function of keeping the physical stability of fishing boats; but, such a passive attitute should be thrown away for the successful development of our fisheries industry. The population of persons engaging in fisheries in Cheju-Do shows a sharp decline from 1978 owing to the unstable fishing activities, so, the haul of fish in Cheju-Do is also meager in comparison wit the total fish catch in Korea. In Chapter Ⅲ, I analyzed the actual export status of marine products from Cheju-Do. The export volume if marine products is amounting to 82.5% of total export of Cheju-Do, which means the export of Cheju-Do depends mainly on the marine products. It is because in terms of the geographical distribution of natural resources of Cheju-Do, the disproportionate emphasis is laid on the marine resources. Therefore, there is no room for doubt about the fact that the export of marine products would enormously contribute to the development of export industries in Cheju-Do. However, the actual export of marine products from Cheju-Do in 1981 was $15,899,000, only 4% over the export volume in 1980 ($15,268,000), Considering that the total export in Korea during the same year ($1,050,763,000) increased 20.6% over the previous year, the increase rate of export of Cheju-Do was lowered by 19.2%, and the export of Cheju-Do occupied only 1.5% of the total export in Korea. In Chapter Ⅳ, I suggested the methods for promotion of marine product exports from Cheju-Do as follows: First, we should pave the way for stabilization of the export price for marine products. For such purpose, the expansion of fishing port facilities & fishing boats and modernization of fishing methods should be preceded, and furthermore, unification of export lines should be made first. Second, we should accelerate the transportation of export goods. Third, we should make gradual conversion to the processing export Fourth, we should reinforce the survey of overseas market in order to establish the plan for production of export goods and then prepare the measures for actual performance of export activities and the export management system. Fifth, we should reinforce the positive administration, financial assistance & trade diplomacy. In Chapter Ⅴ, I stated that, if the several problems as above are solved, the competitiveness of export can be automatically strengthened, and therefore, the export promotion as well as the development of fisheries in Cheju-Do will be continously made, which will considerably contribute to the regional economic development in Cheju-Do.
文元錫 제주대학교 1990 논문집 Vol.31 No.1
The world auto industry has so far developed through several structrual reorganizations during one century in the past, and is now indicating a trend toward a new structural reorganization. The pattern of global competition in the auto market is apperared due to the development in production, Sourcing and marketing network by advanced auto companies including the Big 3 of U.S.A. for the worse, every automaker is experiencing a great deal of difficulty of producing a nelv model by itself. This stemms from the increase in investment costs and the following risk due to the shortening of the development period of a new product by the technical innovation, and a need to provide a new model to satisfy divetsified demand of consumers at the same time. In order to reduce this kind of difficulties, e.g., increasing R & D costs and following investment risk, each automaker is trying to have a competitive advantage by complementing each other through mutual cooperation among the auto producers. These efforts are certain to lead most of the automaker in the world to internationalization by cooperating one another or specializing in any specific field. The rerent international cooperative relationship by an automaker in advanced countries with another in other countries provides a good example to such efforts, e.g., maintaining oF gaining competitive advantage or protection of its own maket. The automakers in korea are also having cooperational relation with respect to capital and technology wilh those in advanced countries The reasons for the international cooperation by the korea automakers are to import the advanced technology and to expand the marketing network. That is to say, the korean auto industry will be able to raise the competitive edge in a relatively shorter period through technological alliance with others rather than by developing its own technology. Therefore, internationalization of the korean auto industry or strengthening inetrnational cooperation is expected to and ought to be acclerated. The organization of this sutdy is as follows, First, we examine internationalization strategies of the automakers in U.S.A. and Japan, respectively. The ressen for this examination is that it will provide an important direction or lesson for the formation of an efficient internationlization strategy of the korean auto industry. Second, we investigate the internationalization process in korea. Third, we explore the direction of the internationalization strategy with emphasis on the alliances among korea, U.S.A. and Japan. The study result shows that the international cooperation of the korean auto industry is largely limited to capital and technical tie-up, and no further significant cooperation with foreign auto makers has been made. Under these circumstances, the following strategies for strengthening the international cooperation are recommended. The auto makers in korea will have to (1) strengthen the current marketing system with the auto makers in U.S.A. (2) make a great offort to transform the present subordinate relationship into an equal partner. (3) try hard for joint R & D and joint production between the automakers in korea and U.S.A. (4) construct a plant abroad eventually in order to avoid or reduce possible trade conflicts However, the korean automakers have to be aware of the fact that it cannot survive in the international market by relying totally on the international cooperation. That is, it has to have a long-term plan for the development of its own model and technical innovation. Combined with this long-term strategy, to strengthen the international cooperation among kore, U.S.A. and Japan, as mentioned above is vital for the korean auto industry. By so doing, the technological gap between korea and the advanced countries will be narrowed down within a relatively shorter period and, in turn, this will lower the competitive advantage of foreign auto makers and enhance the speed of internationalization of the korean auto industry further.
백서에서 Depulpin^�과 Formocresol에 대한 치수와 치근단 조직의 반응
문형인,황인남,오원만 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2002 구강과학 Vol.14 No.2
One fifth dilution of formocresol is usually used for pulpotomy of the primary teach and emergency pulpotomy of the permanent teeth. However, the use of formaldehyde has been subjected to criticism because it may be absorbed into the blood stream and become distributed systemically, it may also alter the pulp tissue rendering it immunologically active, and have carcinogenic potential. Recently Depulpin^(r)(VoCo., Germany) gains popularity as a devitalizing agent during root canal therapy in spite of high concentration of 49% paraformaldehyde because it facilitate devitalization of pulp and make root canal therapy easier. But there have been not enough publications about the reaction of pulp and periapical tissue caused by Depulpin. This study was performed to evaluate the histological changes in pulp and periapical tissue of rats after pulpotomy using formocresol and Depulpin and to elucidate the toxic effects of these agents. Thirty six Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of ketamine. Maxillary first molar teeth were used for pulpotomy with formocresol and Depulpin. Rate were sacrificed after 2days, 4days, 1week, 2weeks, 3weeks and 4weeks respectively. Specimens were histologically observed by light microscope changes in pulp and periapical tissue. The obtained results were as follows. 1. Formocresol group A zone of fixed tissue, in which odontoblasts could clearly be defined, was present directly underneath the pulpotomy dressing in almost all teeth of this group. This was followed by an area of necrotic tissue which resembled dried out fibrous tissue with no cellular detail except some pyknotic nuclei. In the specimens of after 2days, 4days, 1week, 2weeks in which vital tissue was present, it was separated from the fibrous area by a zone of inflammation. In the specimens of after 3weeks and after 4 weeks, inflammatory infiltrate was in the periodontal ligament adjacent to the apical foramina of the teeth. 2. Depulpin^(r) group The area of necrotic tissue which had no cells and fibers, was present adjacent to the dressing. This was followed by dried out fibrous tissue with no cellular details except some pyknotic nuclei. A short stump of vital pulp with odontoblasts was present at the end of the canal after 2days. Inflammatory infiltrate was in the periodontal ligament after 4days and after 1week. Severe root resorption and necrosis of periapical tissue opposite the root resorption site were defined after 2 weeks and after 3weeks. Periapical lesion which consist of necrotic tissue surrounded by fibrous connective wall, was found after 4weeks. The results indicated that Depulpin can cause more adverse reaction to the dental pulp and periapical tissue than formocresol, and further studies are needed for its clinical use with safety.
MRAC를 이용한 2 자유도 구륜 이동로보트의 경로추적
문종우,김원규,박종국 경희대학교 자연과학종합연구원 1997 자연과학논문집 Vol.3 No.-
본 논문은 2 자유도 구륜 이동로보트의 기구학 모델과 기준모델 적응제어기 설계를 다루었다. 구륜 속도와 본체 속도를 계산하기 위하여 정기구학(forward kinematics)과 역기구학(inverse kinematics)를 유도하였으며, 제어변수의 수와 제어입력의 수가 동일하게 되도록 제어변수를 극좌표로 변환하였다. 구륜 이동로보트의 경로추적을 위한 제어기를 제안하였으며, 제어기 매개변수는 기준모델 적응제어(reference-model adaptive control, MRAC)에 기초한 적응법칙(adaptation law)에 의해 매 단계마다 갱신된다. 설계된 적응제어기를 분석하고, 제어 시스템의 안정성과 수렴성을 증명한다. 제어시스템의 유효성을 입증하기위해 모의실험을 수행하고, 그 결과를 제시한다. This paper presents the kinematic model and the design of a model-reference adaptive controller for wheeled-mobile robots(WMRs) with 2 d.0.f. We derive the forward kinematics and the inverse kinematics to calculate the wheel-velocity and body-velocity. The controlled variables are represented in the polar coordinate so that the number of the controlled variable can be reduced to the same number as the control input. A controller is proposed for path tracking, and then controller parameters are modified by adaptation law based on reference-model adaptive control(MRAC) each step. The adaptive controller is analyzed, and its stability and convergence are proved. Simulation is conducted to prove efficiency of the control system and the results are showed.
분산 연성 실시간 시스템에서 공평한 부 태스크 데이라인 할당
문원식,안진우 평택대학교 1999 論文集 Vol.13 No.-
분산연성 실시간 시스템은 태스크가 순차적으로 혹은 병렬적으로 수행되는 시스템으로 실패하는 태스크의 수를 기준치 한도 내에서 허용하는 시스템이다. 기존의 시스템들은 도미노현상과 과부하 상태를 고려하지 않은 가상데드라인 방법을 사용했지만 본 논문에서는 도미노 현상과 과부하 상태를 고려한 2단계 가상 데드라인방법을 사용하여 태스크를 할당함으로써 도미노 현상을 줄이고 과부하 상태에서도 태스크간의 공평성을 실현하였다.