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Mohammad Enayet Hossain,Saif Shahrukh,Muhammad Nurul Huda,Md. Mominul Islam,Shahid Akhtar Hossain 한국대기환경학회 2021 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.10
Urban air quality is one of the major issues in cities worldwide, with airborne particulate matter (PM) being recognized as one of the most harmful pollutants vis-à-vis human health. In cities, roadside vegetation is exposed to all types of air pollutants, including a wide variety of particulates-borne toxic compounds. Information on plants’ tolerance towards air and PM pollution and plant-pollutant interactions is vital for screening of suitable stress-tolerant plants as a sustainable green-filtration unit. An investigation was undertaken to assess the tolerance or sensitivity of four roadside trees (Ficus benghalensis, Ficus religiosa, Mangifera indica, and Polyalthia longifolia) towards air pollutants, including particulates. The four species were sampled from four different locations of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Air pollution tolerance index (APTI) was assessed using the total chlorophyll content, ascorbic acid content, relative water content, and the pH of the extract from the leaves of the studied plants. The results were compared with similar species at a non-polluted site in a nearby area having a similar soil-climate complex. Concentration of selected biochemical parameters was found to be lower in some plant species grown at the polluted site than at the non-polluted site. The total chlorophyll content showed a decreasing trend with the increasing particulate matter loads. Different tolerance orders of species were found at the four sampling sites, which was possibly due to the varying level of air pollution in those sampling sites. APTI of the investigated plants ranged from 10.31 to 12.51 meaning they were either sensitive or intermediately tolerant. M. indica was found to be intermediately tolerant in three sampling sites. The results indicated that these evergreen species are good indicators of air pollution and can be used as an early warning tool for air pollution level that is harmful to human health. Anticipated performance index (API) was also calculated to assess the overall performance of a plant in a particular region where some socioeconomic and biological characteristics were taken into consideration. From the API, M. indica achieved the highest score (68.75%) amongst the selected plant species irrespective of different sites. The accumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni) on the leaves of four tree species were investigated, and a predictive foliar metal accumulation index (MAI) was developed. F. benghalensis was found to have the highest MAI value (13.60). Based on these three indices, the most suitable plant species for green belt development in urban areas were identified and recommended for long-term air pollution management.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Bangladesh's Economy: A Focus on Graduate Employability
SHAHRIAR, Mohammad Shibli,ISLAM, K.M. Anwarul,ZAYED, Nurul Mohammad,HASAN, K.B.M. Rajibul,RAISA, Tahsin Sharmila Korea Distribution Science Association 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.3
The COVID-19 pandemic is having an adverse impact on Bangladesh's economy by affecting millions of people's life and hampering their income sources. The outbreak of COVID-19 has created more pressure on the labor market. The pandemic reduces employment opportunities as most of the companies have stopped their recruitment process to cut their operational costs, which increases the rate of graduate unemployment in Bangladesh. Hence, this study aims to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on graduate employability in Bangladesh that adversely affects the income of families and eventually the nation's economy. A literature review has been conducted from secondary sources to evaluate the impact, which shows that the rate of graduate unemployment increased from 47% to 58% in 2020 with an expected annual loss estimated at $53 million. Findings also reveal that the prime reasons for graduate employability are low demand and huge supply of graduates in the labor market, lack of professional skills of graduates, ineffective education system, etc. The study suggests that the government of Bangladesh should develop some policies to overcome this problem such as ensuring employment subsidies, implementing skills development programs, improving labor market flexibility, initiating credit programs for generating employment, and developing entrepreneurial ecosystems in Bangladesh.
Bhuiyan, Mohammad Iqbal Hossain,Islam, Mohammad Nurul,Jung, Seo Yun,Yoo, Hye Hyun,Lee, Yong Sup,Jin, Changbae Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2010 Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin Vol.33 No.1
<P>The complex molecular cascades of ischemic tolerance in brain cells remain unclear. Recently, sphingolipid-related metabolite ceramide has been implicated as a second messenger in many biological functions, including neuronal survival and death. The present study, therefore, examined the roles of ceramide (Cer) in ischemic tolerance induced by preconditioning with sublethal oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) using primary cultured cortical neurons of rats. Preconditioning of the neurons with sublethal 1-h OGD produced robust neuroprotection against cell death induced by lethal 3-h OGD imposed 12 h after preconditioning when measured by the MTT assay. Analysis of sphingolipids using LC-MS/MS showed that the ischemic preconditioning resulted in significant increases in the levels of C<SUB>16 : 0</SUB> Cer, C<SUB>18 : 0</SUB> Cer, C<SUB>20 : 0</SUB> Cer, C<SUB>24 : 0</SUB> Cer, C<SUB>24 : 1</SUB> Cer and the total ceramide contents compared with the sham-washed control group. However, sphingomyelin contents were not significantly changed by the ischemic preconditioning, suggesting that ceramides were increased through the <I>de novo</I> synthetic pathway. In the case of severe OGD paradigm, levels of ceramide and sphingomyelin in the lethal OGD group were not significantly different from those of the control group or the lethal OGD group with preconditioning at any time points studied. Treatment with an inhibitor of <I>de novo</I> ceramide synthesis, fumonisin B<SUB>1</SUB>, during the ischemic preconditioning period completely blocked preconditioning-induced ischemic tolerance. Moreover, application of a non-cytotoxic concentration of exogenous cell-permeable ceramide produced neuroprotection against lethal OGD. The results suggest that ceramides increased by sublethal OGD preconditioning play an important role in induction of ischemic tolerance.</P>
Social Business in An Emerging Economy: An Empirical Study in Bangladesh
CHOWDHURY, Fatema Nusrat,MUSTAFA, Jasia,ISLAM, K.M. Anwarul,HASAN, K.B.M. Rajibul,ZAYED, Nurul Mohammad,RAISA, Tahsin Sharmila Korea Distribution Science Association 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.3
The study focuses on the relationship between SB, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and the emerging economy. Thereafter it highlights the types, principles, and funding cycle of SB with the evidence from Grameen Bank, which is a globally well-recognized microfinance venture in Bangladesh established by the Nobel Laureate Dr. Muhammad Yunus. This study employs qualitative analysis to illustrate an architectural overview of the SB model by collecting secondary data from various publications related to the topic and published data of Grameen Bank. Finally, this paper illustrates the SB model along with specified characteristics, systematic framework, and main approaches for sustainable context, which could be applied as a conceptual framework for SB in any context of the emerging economy. The findings of this study suggest that the SB model is the workflow having a hierarchy of five phases namely need identification, goal setting, solution-based business plan, business plan assessment, and business plan execution. Analyzing a range of social business interventions in a developing country, Bangladesh, through the lens of five key aspects demonstrates that social business is the most efficient way to sustainably maximize the social benefits and minimize specific social issues poverty of the people affected.
Younis Mohammed Salih,Mudhaffer Mustafa Ameen,Fahmi F. Muhammadsharif,Mohammad Fadhli Ahmad,Nor Aieni Haji Mokhtar,Ismael Mohammed Mohammed Saeed,Md. Nurul Islam Siddique,Ahmad Nazri Dagang,Salisa Abd 한국광학회 2020 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.4 No.2
The impact of graphene and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrates on the response of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) due to mechanical deflection was investigated. For this purpose, four FBGs with grating lengths of 5, 15, 25, and 35.9 mm were utilized. Higher sensitivity was found for FBGs of larger grating length and for those bonded to graphene substrate. It was concluded that FBGs of smaller grating length (5 and 15 mm) were more sensitive in compression mode, while those of larger grating length (25 and 35.9 mm) were seen to be highly sensitive in tension mode.