What Is the Problem in Clinical Application of Sentinel Node Concept to Gastric Cancer Surgery?

Miyashiro, Isao The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2012 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.12 No.1

More than ten years have passed since the sentinel node (SN) concept for gastric cancer surgery was first discussed. Less invasive modified surgical approaches based on the SN concept have already been put into practice for malignant melanoma and breast cancer, however the SN concept is not yet placed in a standard position in gastric cancer surgery even after two multi-institutional prospective clinical trials, the Japan Clinical Oncology Group trial (JCOG0302) and the Japanese Society for Sentinel Node Navigation Surgery (SNNS) trial. What is the problem in the clinical application of the SN concept to gastric cancer surgery? There is no doubt that we need reliable indicator(s) to determine with certainty the absence of metastasis in the lymph nodes in order to avoid unnecessary lymphadenectomy. There are several matters of debate in performing the actual procedure, such as the type of tracer, the site of injection, how to detect and harvest, how to detect metastases of SNs, and learning period. These issues have to be addressed further to establish the most suitable procedure. Novel technologies such as indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging and one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) may overcome the current difficulties. Once we know what the problems are and how to tackle them, we can pursue the goal.

What Is the Problem in Clinical Application of Sentinel Node Concept to Gastric Cancer Surgery?

Isao Miyashiro 대한위암학회 2012 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.12 No.1

More than ten years have passed since the sentinel node (SN) concept for gastric cancer surgery was first discussed. Less invasive modified surgical approaches based on the SN concept have already been put into practice for malignant melanoma and breast cancer, however the SN concept is not yet placed in a standard position in gastric cancer surgery even after two multi-institutional prospective clinical trials, the Japan Clinical Oncology Group trial (JCOG0302) and the Japanese Society for Sentinel Node Navigation Surgery (SNNS) trial. What is the problem in the clinical application of the SN concept to gastric cancer surgery? There is no doubt that we need reliable indicator(s) to determine with certainty the absence of metastasis in the lymph nodes in order to avoid unnecessary lymphadenectomy. There are several matters of debate in performing the actual procedure, such as the type of tracer, the site of injection, how to detect and harvest, how to detect metastases of SNs, and learning period. These issues have to be addressed further to establish the most suitable procedure. Novel technologies such as indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging and one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) may overcome the current difficulties. Once we know what the problems are and how to tackle them, we can pursue the goal.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type Ⅰ에 대한 음나무 추출물의 억제활성

유영법(Young Beob Yu),심범상(Bum Sang Shim),안규석(Kyoo Seok Ahn),최승훈(Seung Hoon Choi),박종철(Jong Cheol Park),Miyashiro H.(Hirotsuku Miyashiro),Hattori M.(Masao Hattori) 한의병리학회 2004 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.18 No.4

Effects of Triterpenoids and Flavonoids Isolated from Alnus firma on HIV-1 Viral Enzymes

유영법,Hirotsugu Miyashiro,Norio Nakamura,Masao Hattori,박종철 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.7

Triterpenoids and flavonoids isolated from Alnus firma S. Z. were found to inhibit HIV-1 virus replication and controlled its essential enzymes. In this study, the inhibition of HIV-1 viral replication and its essential enzymes, such as reverse transcriptase, protease and α-glucosidase, were observed using 18 Korean plant extracts. Among the extracts, the methanol extract of Alnus firma leaves showed potent inhibition against the HIV-1 induced cytopathic effect (CPE) in MT-4 cells on microscopic observation (the minimum concentration for complete inhibition of HIV-1 induced CPE, IC=50 µg/mL). Thus, 14 compounds were isolated and identified from the methanol extract of Alnus firma leaves. Of these compounds, the alnustic acid methyl ester exhibited inhibition against HIV-1 protease, with an IC50 of 15.8 µM, and quercetin, quercitrin and myricetin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside displayed inhibition against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, all with IC50 values of 60 µM. Based on these results, the viral replication inhibition of the methanol extract of Alnus firma leaves was adjudged to be acutely related to the protease inhibition activation of the alnustic acid methyl ester as well as the reverse transcriptase inhibition activation of flavonoids.

사방오리 잎의 Triterpenoid 및 Flavonoid 화합물

유영법,Norio Nakamura,Hirotsugu Miyashiro,Masao Hattori,박종철 한국생약학회 2007 생약학회지 Vol.38 No.1

Abstract − In this study, three triterpenoids, two steroids and nine flavonoids were isolated from the leaves of Alnus firma Sieb. et Zucc. On the basis of spectroscopic evidences, the structures of these compounds were established as β-amyrin acetate, β- amyrin, β-sitosterol, alnustic acid methyl ester, β-sitosterol glucoside, pinocembrin, alnustinol, quercetin, quercetin-3-O-α-Larabinofuranoside, quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, myricetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside, (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin.

Effects of Triterpenoids and Flavonoids Isolated from Alnus firma on HIV-1 Viral Enzymes

Yu, Young-Beob,Miyashiro, Hirotsugu,Nakamura, Norio,Hattori, Masao,Park, Jong-Cheol 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.7

Triterpenoids and flavonoids isolated from Alnus firma S. Z. were found to inhibit HIV-1 virus replication and controlled its essential enzymes. In this study, the inhibition of HIV-1 viral replication and its essential enzymes, such as reverse transcriptase, protease and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$, were observed using 18 Korean plant extracts. Among the extracts, the methanol extract of Alnus firma leaves showed potent inhibition against the HIV-1 induced cytopathic effect (CPE) in MT-4 cells on microscopic observation (the minimum concentration for complete inhibition of HIV-1 induced CPE, IC=50 ${\mu}g/mL$). Thus, 14 compounds were isolated and identified from the methanol extract of Alnus firma leaves. Of these compounds, the alnustic acid methyl ester exhibited inhibition against HIV-1 pretense, with an $IC_{50}$ of 15.8 ${\mu}M$, and quercetin, quercitrin and myricetin $3-O-{\beta}-D-galactopyranoside$ displayed inhibition against H IV-1 reverse transcriptase, all with $IC_{50}$ values of 60 ${\mu}M$. Based on these results, the viral replication inhibition of the methanol extract of Alnus firma leaves was adjudged to be acutely related to the protease inhibition activation of the alnustic acid methyl ester as well as the reverse transcriptase inhibition activation of flavonoids.

Inhibitory Effects of Methanol Extracts from Korean Medicinal Plants against HIV-1 Protease Activity

Park, Jong-Cheol,Miyashiro, Hirotsugu,Hattori, Masao The Korean Society of Medicinal Crop Science 2003 韓國藥用作物學會誌 Vol.11 No.4

Korean medicinal plants were screened for their inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease. The inhibitory activity of protease was determined by incubating the extracts in reaction mixtures containing protease and substrate $His-Lys-Ala-Arg-Val-Leu-(p-NO_{2}-Phe)-Glu-Ala-Nle-Ser-NH_{2}$ to perform proteolytic cleavage reactions. In this study the twenty six extracts from medicinal plants were investigated. Of the extracts tested, the extracts from the stem of Morus alba. exhibited the strongest activity with inhibition of 81% at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$. The extracts of the flower of Saxjfraga stolonifera, and stems of Euonymus japonica and Castanea crenata showed appreciable inhibitory activity (>50%) against HIV-1 protease at same concentration.

Inhibitory Effects of Methanol Extracts from Korean Medicinal Plants against HIV-1 Protease Activity

Jong-Cheol Park,Hirotsugu Miyashiro,Masao Hattori 한국약용작물학회 2003 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Korean medicinal plants were screened for their inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease. The inhibitory activity of protease was determined by incubating the extracts in reaction mixtures containing protease and substrate His-Lys-Ala-Arg-Val-Leu-(p-NO2-Phe)-Glu-Ala-Nle-Ser-NH2 to perform proteolytic cleavage reactions. In this study the twenty six extracts from medicinal plants were investigated. Of the extracts tested, the extracts from the stem of Morus alba. exhibited the strongest activity with inhibition of 81% at a concentration of 100μg/ml. The extracts of the flower of Saxjfraga stolonifera, and stems of Euonymus japonica and Castanea crenata showed appreciable inhibitory activity (〉50%) against HIV-1 protease at same concentration.

Impact of transit time on the reproductive capacity of Euprymna scolopes as a laboratory animal

Andrew G. Cecere,Tim I. Miyashiro 한국실험동물학회 2022 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.38 No.3

Background: The Hawaiian bobtail squid Euprymna scolopes hosts various marine bacterial symbionts, and these symbioses have served as models for the animal-microbe relationships that are important for host health. Within a light organ, E. scolopes harbors populations of the bacterium Vibrio fischeri, which produce low levels of bioluminescence that the squid uses for camouflage. The symbiosis is initially established after a juvenile squid hatches from its egg and acquires bacterial symbionts from the ambient marine environment. The relative ease with which a cohort of wild-caught E. scolopes can be maintained in a mariculture facility has facilitated over 3 decades of research involving juvenile squid. However, because E. scolopes is native to the Hawaiian archipelago, their transport from Hawaii to research facilities often represents a stress that has the potential to impact their physiology. Results: Here, we describe animal survival and reproductive capacity associated with a cohort of squid assembled from two shipments with markedly different transit times. We found that the lower juvenile squid counts generated by animals with the longer transit time were not due to the discrepancy in shipment but instead to fewer female squid that produced egg clutches at an elevated rate, which we term hyper-reproductivity. We find that hyper-reproductive females were responsible for 58% of the egg clutches laid. Conclusions: The significance of these findings for E. scolopes biology and husbandry is discussed, thereby providing a platform for future investigation and further development of this cephalopod as a valuable lab animal for microbiology research.

Triterpenes from the Spores of Ganoderma lucidum and Their Inhibitory Activity against HIV-1 Protease

MIN, Byung-Sun,NAKAMURA, Norio,MIYASHIRO, Hirotsugu,BAE, Ki-Whan,HATTORI, Masao 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1998 藥學論文集 Vol.14 No.-

Two new lanostane-type triterpenes, lucidumol A and ganoderic acid β, were isolated from the spores of Ganoderma (G.) lucidum, together with a new natural one and seven that were known. The structures of the new triterpenes were determined as (24S)-24,25-dihydroxylanost-8-ene-3,7-dione and 3β,7β-dihydroxy-11,15-dioxolanosta-8,24(E)-dien-26-oic acid, respectively, by chemical and spectroscopic means. The quantitative analyses of 5 fruiting bodies, antlered form and spores of G. lucidum were performed by high performance liquid chromatography and demonstrated that ganoderic alcohol and acid contents were quite high in the spore. Of the compound isolated, ganoderic acid β, (24S)-lanosta-7,9(11)-diene-3β.24,25-triol (called lucidumol B), ganodermanondiol, ganodermanontriol and ganolucidic acid A showed significant anti-human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV)-1 protease activity with IC_50 values of 20-90 μM.