Review : The 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 Receptor Agonist-induced Actions and Enteric Neurogenesis in the Gut

( Miyako Takaki ),( Kei Goto ),( Isao Kawahara ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2014 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.20 No.1

We explored a novel effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor (5-HT4R) agonists in vivo to reconstruct the enteric neural circuitry that mediates a fundamental distal gut reflex. The neural circuit insult was performed in guinea pigs and rats by rectal transection and anastomosis. A 5-HT4R-agonist, mosapride citrate (MOS) applied orally and locally at the anastomotic site for 2 weeks promoted the regeneration of the impaired neural circuit or the recovery of the distal gut reflex. MOS generated neurofilament-, 5-HT4R- and 5-bromo-2`-deoxyuridine-positive cells and formed neural network in the granulation tissue at the anastomosis. Possible neural stem cell markers increased during the same time period. These novel actions by MOS were inhibited by specific 5-HT4R-antagonist such as GR113808 (GR) or SB-207266. The activation of enteric neural 5-HT4R promotes reconstruction of an enteric neural circuit that involves possibly neural stem cells. We also succeeded in forming dense enteric neural networks by MOS in a gut differentiated from mouse embryonic stem cells. GR abolished the formation of enteric neural networks. MOS up-regulated the expression of mRNA of 5-HT4R, and GR abolished this upregulation, suggesting MOS differentiated enteric neural networks, mediated via activation of 5-HT4R. In the small intestine in H-line: Thy1 promoter green fluorescent protein (GFP) mice, we obtained clear 3-dimensional imaging of enteric neurons that were newly generated by oral application of MOS after gut transection and anastomosis. All findings indicate that treatment with 5-HT4R-agonists could be a novel therapy for generating new enteric neurons to rescue aganglionic disorders in the whole gut. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014;20:17-30)

INACTIVATION OF PHAGE QβBY 254 nm UV LIGHT AND TITANIUM DIOXIDE PHOTOCATALYST

Nakamura,Miyako,Lee,Seockheon,Ohgaki,Shinichiro 이화여자대학교 환경문제연구소 1998 이화환경연구 Vol.2 No.-

The disinfection efficacy of UV light irradiation at wavelength of 254 nm over a titanium dioxide(TiO₂) suspension was compared to that of UV alone. Bacteriophage QB was used as a model virus for the study. QB in sterilized pure water and TiO₂ suspension was irradiated by a 0.4m/㎠ intensity of 254nm UV light. The UV light over TiO₂was more effective than 254nm UV alone in inactivating QB. 3.5-log()QB inactivation was achieved by UV irradiation over TiO₂ suspension (10³mg/L) after 2 minutes of irradiation, While UV alone inactivated 2-log(). Using a MPN-PCR method, a ca 1-log()-unit decrease in QB RNA concentration was detected after 3 minutes of photocatalytic irradiation. The decrease was explained by damage to nucleic acid of phage QB due to radical oxidation, which is generated by photocatalysis.

Lay Beliefs, Knowledge, and Attitudes Towards Cancer: a Pilot Study in Japan

Tsuchiya, Miyako Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.8

Background: The attendance rates for cancer screening are low in Japan. Little is actually known about how the Japanese perceive cancer. Since beliefs about illness affect individuals' health care practice, the aim of this study was to explore beliefs about cancer and factors associated with those beliefs, focusing on representative cancer sites. Materials and Methods: Japanese adults (${\geq}20$ years old) who had not been diagnosed with any cancers and were not health care professionals were recruited, using a convenience sampling approach. A total of 91 participants completed questionnaires including open-ended questions. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the responses. Results: Five themes were suggested: (i) a threatening illness that might greatly change one's future life; (ii) basic cancer knowledge; (iii) a curable illness with early detection and adequate treatment; (iv) causes of cancer; and (v) anyone can develop cancer. Families or friends' negative consequences of cancer were associated with negative beliefs about the disease. Gestational cancer was the most representative site of most themes. Conclusions: A threatening illness (e.g., death or incurable illness) was the most common belief among the Japanese laypeople. Importance of early detection and treatments should be more emphasized, and future screening programs should include strategies modifying negative cancer beliefs among Japanese laypeople.

W/KClO4/BaCrO4 지연제의 연소 메카니즘

( Hidesugu Nakamura ),( Miyako Akiyoshi ),( Yasutake Hara ) 대한화약발파공학회 2000 화약발파 Vol.18 No.1

Evaluation of Behavior and Expression of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Ligand in Dorsal Root Ganglia after Sciatic Nerve Compression and Application of Nucleus Pulposus in Rats

Yoshiyuki Matsuyama,Yoshihiro Sakuma,Miyako Suzuki,Sumihisa Orita,Kazuyo Yamauchi,Gen Inoue,Yasuchika Aoki,Tetsuhiro Ishikawa,Masayuki Miyagi,Hiroto Kamoda,Gou Kubota,Yasuhiro Oikawa,Kazuhide Inage,Ta 대한척추외과학회 2014 Asian Spine Journal Vol.8 No.5

Study Design: Experimental animal study. Purpose: To evaluate pain-related behavior and changes in nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), receptor activator of NF-kB (RANK), and ligand (RANKL) in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) after combined sciatic nerve compression and nucleus pulposus (NP) application in rats. Overview of Literature: The pathological mechanisms underlying pain from lumbar-disc herniation have not been fully elucidated. RANKL are transcriptional regulators of inflammatory cytokines. Our aim was to evaluate pain-related behavior and RANKL expression in DRG after sciatic-nerve compression and application of NP in rats. Methods: Mechanical hyperalgesia and RANKL expression were assessed in three groups of rats: NP+sciatic nerve compression (2 seconds), sham-operated, and controls (n=20 each). Mechanical hyperalgesia was measured every other day for 3 weeks using von Frey filaments. RANKL expression in L5 DRGs was examined at five and ten days after surgery using immunohistochemistry. Results: Mechanical hyperalgesia was observed over the 12-day observation period in the NP+nerve compression group, but not in the control and sham-operated animal groups (p <0.05). RANKL immunoreactivity was seen in the nuclei of L5 DRG neurons, and its expression was significantly upregulated in NP+nerve compression rats compared with control and sham-operated rats (p <0.01). Conclusions: The exposure of sciatic nerves to mechanical compression and NP produces pain-related behavior and up-regulation of RANKL in DRG neurons. RANKL may play an important role in mediating pain after sciatic nerve injury with exposure to NP.

PROJECTIVE SYSTEMS WHOSE SUPPORTS CONSIST OF THE UNION OF THREE LINEAR SUBSPACES

Kato, Takao,Yamada, Miyako Korean Mathematical Society 2001 대한수학회보 Vol.38 No.4

We discuss the class of projective systems whose supports are the complement of the union of three linear subspaces in general position. We proves these codes are uniquely dtermined up to equivalence by their weight enumerators. Our result is a generalization of the result given in [1].

Nurses’ Work-family Conflict and Sex Role Orientation

Yoshiko Yamaguchi,Hiroko Harada,Miyako Oike 한국간호과학회 2015 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.10

Up-Regulation of Pain Behavior and Glial Activity in the Spinal Cord after Compression and Application of Nucleus Pulposus onto the Sciatic Nerve in Rats

Masaki Norimoto,Yoshihiro Sakuma,Miyako Suzuki,Sumihisa Orita,Kazuyo Yamauchi,Gen Inoue,Yasuchika Aoki,Tetsuhiro Ishikawa,Masayuki Miyagi,Hiroto Kamoda,Gou Kubota,Yasuhiro Oikawa,Kazuhide Inage,Takesh 대한척추외과학회 2014 Asian Spine Journal Vol.8 No.5

Study Design: Experimental animal study. Purpose: To evaluate pain-related behavior and changes in glial activity in the spinal dorsal horn after combined sciatic nerve compression and nucleus pulposus (NP) application in rats. Overview of Literature: Mechanical compression and inflammation caused by prostaglandins and cytokines at disc herniation sites induce pain. Structural changes and pain-associated cytokines in the dorsal root ganglia and spinal dorsal horn contribute to prolonged pain. Glial cells in the spinal dorsal horn may also function in pain transmission. Methods: The sciatic nerve was compressed with NP for 2 seconds using forceps in the NP+nerve compression group; the shamoperated group received neither compression nor NP; and the control group received no operation. Mechanical hyperalgesia was measured for 3 weeks using von Frey filaments. Glial activity in the spinal dorsal horn was examined 7 days and 14 days postsurgery using anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein and anti-Ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 antibodies to detect astrocytes and microglia, respectively. Results: Mechanical hyperalgesia was detected throughout the 14-day observation in the NP+nerve compression group, but not in control or sham-operated groups (p <0.05). Both astrocytes and microglia were significantly increased in the spinal dorsal horn of the NP+nerve compression group compared to control and sham groups on days 7 and 14 (p <0.05). Conclusions: Nerve compression with NP application produces pain-related behavior, and up-regulates astrocytes and microglia in the spinal dorsal horn, suggesting that these glia may be related to pain transmission.

Increase of TRPV1-Immunoreactivity in Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons Innervating the Femur in a Rat Model of Osteoporosis

Kensuke Yoshino,Seiji Ohtori,Miyako Suzuki,Yuya Kawarai,Yoshihiro Sakuma,Gen Inoue,Sumihisa Orita,Kazuyo Yamauchi,Yasuchika Aoki,Tetsuhiro Ishikawa,Masayuki Miyagi,Hiroto Kamoda,Gou Kubota,Yasuhiro Oi 연세대학교의과대학 2014 Yonsei medical journal Vol.55 No.6

Purpose: Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a ligand-gated nonselectivecation channel, which can be activated by capsaicin and other noxious stimuli. Recently, an association between bone pain and TRPV1 has been reported. However, the influence of osteoporosis on TRPV1 in the sensory system innervatingthe femur has not been reported. Materials and Methods: TRPV1-immunoreactive(ir) in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons labeled with neurotracer [Fluoro-Gold (FG)] innervating the femurs of Sprague Dawley rats were examined in control, sham, and ovariectomized (OVX) rats. We evaluated osteoporosis in the femursand compared the proportion of TRPV1-ir DRG neurons innervating femur between the 3 groups of rats. Results: OVX rats showed osteoporotic cancellous bone in the femur. FG labeled neurons were distributed from L1 to L6 DRG, but there was no significant difference in the proportion of labeled neurons between the 3 groups (p>0.05). The proportions of FG labeled TRPV1-ir DRG neurons were 1.7%, 1.7%, and 2.8% of DRG neurons innervating the femur, in control, sham-operated,and OVX rats, respectively. The proportion of TRPV1-ir neurons in DRG innervating the femur in OVX rats was significantly higher than that in control and sham-operated rats (p<0.05). Conclusion: Under physiological conditions, DRG neurons innervating femurs in rats contain TRPV1. Osteoporosis increases the numbers of TRPV1-ir neurons in DRG innervating osteoporotic femurs in rats. These findings suggest that TRPV1 may have a role in sensory perception of osteoporoticfemurs.

$W/KClO_4/BaCrO_4$ 지연제의 연소 메카니즘

Nakamura, Hidesugu,Akiyoshi, Miyako,Hara, Yasutake 대한화약발파공학회 2000 화약발파 Vol.18 No.1

Thermal analysis, analysis of combustion residue and combustion characteristics measure ment such as burning rate or temperature were carried out to clarify the combustion mechanism of a tungsten- potassium perchlorate-barium chromate chromate delay powder. The results obtained are as follows. The main reaction of the delay powder of tungsten-potassium perchlorate-barium chromate is the oxidation of tungsten by potassium perchlorate. Barium chromate acts as a burning rate modifier, and the smaller the larger is the burning rate. Three types of delay composition used in this study show characteristic burning behavior. A stoichiomertric or a oxidizer-rich composition has a small linear burning rate. although it is has a large heat of combustion. On the other hand, a tungsten-excess or a fuel-rich composition with a small heat of combustion has a larger linear burning rate than the former, showing a small fractional oxidation of tungeten (below 10%) contained in the delay powder. From these results, a surface combustion mechanism is proposed for the combustion mechanism of this delay powder.