Lonely Negative Words in English and Korean

Miran Oh 한국영어학학회 2015 영어학연구 Vol.21 No.2

Oh, Miran. 2015. Lonely Negative Words in English and Korean. English Language and Linguistics 21.2, 83-100. Cross-linguistically, some words are used only in a negative sense. In this paper, these Lonely Negative Words (LNWs) in English and Korean are investigated through descriptions of their origins and real usages. As for English, the LNWs with negative affixes do not have positive counterparts (e.g., disgust, disappoint, incessant, etc.). In this case, either the positive forms never existed or vanished gradually. On the other hand, the meanings of Korean LNWs are interpreted as negative regardless of the presence of the negative elements (e.g., cayswu-eps-ta/cayswu, cwuchayk-eps-ta, etc.). This difference between the use of English and Korean LNW may be due to the syntactic difference of each language’s negative elements. The negative affix in English LNWs together with the stem composes one single word, whereas the negative predicate itself in Korean LNWs composes an independent constituent. Therefore, extracting the positive form without negation is more difficult in English. The current paper aims to introduce and compare the LNWs in English and Korean. This research points out an interesting fact that in some existing words, only the negative meanings survive.

Adaptation of English Liquid Loans in Korean : An OT Analysis on the Distinct Patterns of /r/ and /l/

Miran Oh 서울대학교 언어교육원 2014 語學硏究 Vol.50 No.2

This study aims to investigate the patterns of English liquid loans in Korean by an OT analysis. The liquid representations of loanwords in Korean have general patterns according to the syllable position. However, there are a few exceptions: an intervocalic /l/ has two representations (e.g., melon [mel.lon.]/[me.ron.]) and in some words, the coda /r/ is not deleted (e.g., organ [o.ri.gan].) without abiding by the general rule, the coda /r/-deletion. This paper suggests that the exceptions are not subject to two co-existing phonologies (loanword phonology and Korean phonology) but due to the input difference through indirect and direct borrowing from another language besides English. The paper also claims that a single loanword phonology can account for liquid loanwords from different languages in Korean.

A Corpus Study of Overpassivization in Korean EFL Learners’ English Writings

Miran Oh 한국응용언어학회 2014 응용 언어학 Vol.30 No.3

L2 learners’ tendency to incorrectly passivize intransitive verbs is called overpassivization. The overpassivization phenomenon is a language-universal phenomenon which occurs in the interlanguage of learners from various L1 backgrounds (Ju, 2000). This study investigates the overpassivization errors in three types of intransitive verbs: unaccusatives with a transitive counterpart, unaccusatives without a transitive counterpart, and unergatives. In addition, this study attempts to find out whether factors such as the animacy of each verb’s subject and proficiency level have an influence on the pattern of overpassivization errors. Using the English writings of Korean university students as a corpus, it was revealed that there are significant differences in the error rates among different types of intransitive verbs. Moreover, the pattern of overpassivization errors differed according to the animacy of the subject. However, no differences corresponding to the four different proficiency groups (low, mid-low, mid, and mid-high according to their TOEIC scores) were observed. The results from this study demonstrate that that the verb type and animacy play a key role in the pattern of overpassivization errors, but that such errors do not decrease as the proficiency level of L2 learners increases.

Development and Analysis of the Effects of Caregiver Training Program on Aggressive Behavior m Elders with Cognitive Impairment

Oh Heeyaung,Hur Myung-Haeng,Eom Miran Korean Society of Nursing Science 2005 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.35 No.4

Purpose. The purposes of this study were to 1) describe the type and frequency of aggressive behavior of cognitively impaired nursing home resident, 2) develop a caregiver training program on prevention and management of aggressive behavior, 3) examine the effects of caregiver training program on the incidence of aggressive behavior of cognitively impaired nursing home resident, and 4) examine the effects of caregiver training program on nursing staff's aggressive behavior management skills. Methods. One-group, time series, quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and two post- tests was used. Data were collected from cognitively impaired home residents (N = 32) and nursing staff (N = 36) in a proprietary nursing home using Ryden Aggression Scale I, II, and Aggressive Behavior Management Scale. Data were entered and analyzed by descriptive statistics and repeated measures ANOVA. Results. Incidence of aggressive behavior was high with a mean score of 3.09 (SD = 3.11) at baseline. Caregiver training program was developed based on Progressively Lowered Stress Threshold (PLST) model and gerontological and psychiatric literature. The mean scores of aggressive behavior at baseline, Post I, and II did not differ significantly although the difference approached to the significant level (F = 2.925, p = .066). Nursing staff's aggressive behavior management skills increased at Post I, and at Post II when compared to baseline, and the difference was significant (F=12.736, p=<.00l). Conclusion. Caregiver training program showed potential impact on reduction of aggressive behavior in elders with cognitive impairment and was effective in increasing nursing staff's aggressive behavior management skills.

Human papillomavirus E5 protein induces expression of the EP4 subtype of prostaglandin E2 receptor in cyclic AMP response element-dependent pathways in cervical cancer cells

Oh, Jung-Min,Kim, Su-Hyeong,Lee, Yun-Il,Seo, Miran,Kim, So-Young,Song, Yong-Sang,Kim, Woo-Ho,Juhnn, Yong-Sung Oxford University Press 2009 Carcinogenesis Vol.30 No.1

<P>Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the major cause of uterine cervical cancer, but the role of the HPV E5 in carcinogenesis is not clearly understood. Prostaglandins are known to contribute to carcinogenesis of cervical cancer, and we therefore investigated the effect of HPV16 E5 on the expression of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptors and underlying mechanisms. Stable expression of the E5 induced expression of the EP4 subtype of PGE2 receptors in C33A cervical cancer cells, and transfection of E5 small interfering RNA (siRNA) decreased it. EP4 protein expression was increased in human cervical cancer tissues, and EP4 mediated E5-induced increase in anchorage-independent colony formation and vascular endothelial growth factor expression. E5 induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, and COX-2 increased PGE2 secretion and EP4 expression. The induction of EP4 by PGE2 and E5 was inhibited by an EP4 antagonist, inhibitors of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and a cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element (CRE) decoy. E5 increased the luciferase expression controlled by a variant CRE of the EP4 promoter, and it also increased the binding of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) to oligonucleotides containing this CRE. We conclude that the HPV16 E5 protein induces EP4 receptor protein in cervical cancer cells and that this induction involves epidermal growth factor receptor, COX-2, PGE2, EP2 and EP4, protein kinase A, CREB and CRE.</P>

A Study on Aggressive Behavior Among Nursing Home Residents with Cognitive Impairment

Oh Heeyoung,Eom Miran,Kwon Yunjung Korean Society of Nursing Science 2004 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.34 No.8

Purpose. With a sample of cognitively impaired nursing home residents and nursing staff, the following were examined 1) the proportion and nature of aggressive behavior, 2) the frequency and types of aggressive behavior, 3) the difference between the residents who demonstrate aggressive behavior and those who do not demonstrate aggressive behavior (age, mental status, functional status, and pain, length of nursing home stay), and 4) nursing staff responses to aggressive behavior by residents. Methods. A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. Data were collected from cognitively impaired nursing home residents (N=205) and nursing staff (N=60) at two nursing homes using Ryden Aggression Scale I and II, Mini-Mental State Exam, Modified Barthel Index, Verbal Descriptor Scale, and aggressive behavior management questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics including t-test. Results. About $62.9\%$ residents were found to be aggressive and $38.5\%$ were both physically and verbally aggressive. Pushing, making threatening gestures, hitting, slapping, cursing/obscene/vulgar languages, making verbal threats were occurred frequently. Aggressive residents were significantly older, had more cognitive impairment, had more pain, and stayed longer in the nursing home when compared with non-aggressive residents. Considerable proportion of nursing staff responded to aggressive behaviors inadequately. Conclusion. Aggressive behavior among cognitively impaired nursing home residents is prevalent thus needs to be prevented and reduced. Along with environmental modification, educational programs for nursing staff and family caregivers need to be developed and implemented so that they can have extensive knowledge and skills to manage aggressive behaviors.

Violence Episodes and the Responses of Emergency Room Nurses

( Miran Eom ),( Su-yon Kim ),( Hye-young Ahn ),( Hee-young Oh ) 한국간호과학회 2007 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.-

루푸스 환자의 섬유근통 증후군에 따른 신체 및 심리 상태

김미란(Miran Kim),오상은(Sangeun Oh) 전남대학교 간호과학연구소 2008 Nursing and Health Issues(NHI) Vol.13 No.1

I. 서 론 Ⅲ. 연구방법 Ⅳ. 연구결과 Ⅴ. 논 의 Ⅵ . 결론 및 제언

백과사전 질의응답 시스템을 위한 어휘개념망 구축

최미란(Miran Choi),오효정(Hyo-Jung Oh),장명길(Myung-Gil Jang) 한국정보과학회 언어공학연구회 2004 한국정보과학회 언어공학연구회 학술발표 논문집 Vol.16 No.1

백과사전 질의응답 시스템은 사용자의 자연어 질문과 검색 대상 문서인 백과사전 내용의 의미를 파악하기 위한 고정밀 자연어 처리 기술이 요구된다. 이러한 고정밀 자연어 처리 기술을 위한 중요한 언어자원을 제공하기 위하여 한국어 명사와 동사로 구성되는 대규모 어휘개념망을 구축하였다. 한국어 어휘개념망은 명사와 동사의 상하위 관계를 주요 계층구조로 하여 다양한 한국어 어휘 기초 자료를 바탕으로 구축되었다. 구축된 규모는 일반 명사 약 6만 어휘와 동사 약 2만 어휘를 포함한다. 이 논문에서는 어휘개념망을 구축하기 위한 방법과 과정을 소개하고 지금까지 구축된 어휘개념망의 특성에 대해 기술하며, 백과사전 질의응답 시스템에서 어떻게 활용되는지 시스템 구성요소의 예를 들어서 설명한다. 또한 현재 구축된 어휘개념망의 성능 평가를 위해 일반 코퍼스에 대한 커버리지 측정 결과를 기술한다.

BAF53b, a Neuron-Specific Nucleosome Remodeling Factor, Is Induced after Learning and Facilitates Long-Term Memory Consolidation

Yoo, Miran,Choi, Kwang-Yeon,Kim, Jieun,Kim, Mujun,Shim, Jaehoon,Choi, Jun-Hyeok,Cho, Hye-Yeon,Oh, Jung-Pyo,Kim, Hyung-Su,Kaang, Bong-Kiun,Han, Jin-Hee Society for Neuroscience 2017 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.37 No.13

<P>Although epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression regulation have recently been implicated in memory consolidation and persistence, the role of nucleosome-remodeling is largely unexplored. Recent studies show that the functional loss of BAF53b, a postmitotic neuron-specific subunit of the BAF nucleosome-remodeling complex, results in the deficit of consolidation of hippocampus-dependent memory and cocaine-associated memory in the rodent brain. However, it is unclear whether BAF53b expression is regulated during memory formation and how BAF53b regulates fear memory in the amygdala, a key brain site for fear memory encoding and storage. To address these questions, we used viral vector approaches to either decrease or increase BAF53b function specifically in the lateral amygdala of adult mice in auditory fear conditioning paradigm. Knockdown of Baf53b before training disrupted long-term memory formation with no effect on short-term memory, basal synaptic transmission, and spine structures. We observed in our qPCR analysis that BAF53b was induced in the lateral amygdala neurons at the late consolidation phase after fear conditioning. Moreover, transient BAF53b overexpression led to persistently enhanced memory formation, which was accompanied by increase in thin-type spine density. Together, our results provide the evidence that BAF53b is induced after learning, and show that such increase of BAF53b level facilitates memory consolidation likely by regulating learning-related spine structural plasticity.</P>