華夷論 관점에서 바라본 허봉 『朝天記』의 특징

朴明淑(Piao, Ming-shu) 국어국문학회 2017 국어국문학 Vol.0 No.180

본 논문은 춘추학의 주요 관점 중 하나인 華夷論의 시각에서 許篈 『朝天記』를 조망하였다. 이러한 관점에 근거하여, 저자 許篈이 조선과 明을 모두 ‘東周 禮文明’ 의 일원으로 파악하고 양국을 본질적으로는 동등한 자격을 지닌 행위주체로 인식하였음을 살필 수 있었다. 華夷論의 구체적 방법론인 ‘尊華와 攘夷’를 『朝天記』에 적용하여 분석한 결과, 조선과 명나라 사이 무역을 전면 금지해야 한다는 주장과 天壇을 방문하고는 태자가 보위에 올랐어도 의례를 행하지 않은 데 대해 비판을 진행하는데 이러한 논조는 尊華에 해당된다. 아울러 양명학에 대한 배척과 성정이 포악한 遼東의 掌印大人인 陳言에 대한 비판 등은 攘夷 맥락에서의 접근이라고 할 수 있다. 결론적으로, 許篈 『朝天記』의 華夷論은 문화적으로는 禮文化體系에서 출발하여 朝鮮과 明을 동등선상에 놓고 비교하는 동시에 현실적으로는 군사력을 망라한 자국종합국력 증진에 힘쓰는 모습을 보여주었다고 할 수 있다. In this thesis, I study Huh Bong’s 『Jo Chun Gi』 from the perspective of Hwa’ih-ron, the theory of civilization and barbarism (華夷論), which is a main idea of ‘Spring and Autumn Annals’ (春秋學). Huh regarded both Choson and Ming as the member of "東周禮文明" holding equal status in essentials. Although Huh did not mention it directly, we could see that he applied the ‘Respecting Hwa’ (尊華) and ‘Resisting Ih’ (攘夷), which were the specific methodology of Hwa’ih-ron, in his work. Huh agitated for a complete ban on trade between Choson and Ming. After visited Temple of Heaven (天壇), he criticized prince for not performing rituals after taking the throne. These opinions correspond to the ‘Respecting Hwa’. In addition, his criticism of Yang Myeonghak and vicious Chen Xin, the minister of Liaodong, correspond to the ‘Resisting Ih’. In conclusion, Heh Bong’s Hwa’ih-ron shown from 『Jo Chun Gi』 saw Choson and ming as equal country from the perspective of culture, meanwhile, he tried to improve Choson’s national power (including military power).

Diversity Distributions and the Anthocyanin Associations of Fungal Endophytes in Diferent Colored Grapevine Leaves

· Ming‑Zhi Yang 한국식물학회 2020 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.63 No.2

Anthocyanins composed the major pigments which conferred sensory and chemical values to red grapes and wines. Multiple factors involved in grape anthocyanin biosynthesis have been greatly covered to date. However, the endophytes which closely associate with plants, their possible roles in plant coloration are still under clear. Our present research frstly investigated the diversity distributions of culturable fungal endophytes (CFE) in diferent colored grapevine leaves which harvested from same vineyard and cultivar, and then proposed method to analyze the possible efects of these fungal endophytes on anthocyanin concentrations of grape cells. In totally 532 endophytic fungal isolates, 19 OTUs belong to 13 genera were isolated from fve color diferent grapevine leaves. Obvious leaf color specifcity of CFE communities were observed distribution in diferent colored grapevine leaves in this experiment. Assessing the infuences of those isolated CFEs on anthocyanin concentrations of a teinturier grape pulp cells via dual culture system revealed that anthocyanin promotion fungal strains were more possibly isolated from red and purple colored grape leaves. And elite CFE strains such as DQ53 and DQ55, both belong to the fungal genus Epicoccum, which conferred signifcant promotion efects on grape cellular anthocyanin contents were selected out. And the transcriptions of anthocyanin biosynthesis association genes MYBA1, UFGT and F3′5′H in grape cells, were signifcantly infuenced by these endophytic fungi, furtherly implicated the involvements of these genes in fungal endophytes-mediated grape cell anthocyanin promotion process. Additionally, endophytic fungi triggered anthocyanin promotion in grape cells seem independently to that of the light mediated anthocyanin synthesis pathway. This work demonstrated that beside other environmental factors, endophytes may also involve in grape anthocyanin metabolisms. And the study provided methods and clues to explore fungal endophytes in colored grape leaves which possibly applied in grape pigmentation processing.

Uniaxial Compression Properties and Compression Fatigue Performance of Selective Laser Melted Ti–6Al–4V Cellular Structure

Ming‑Wei Wu,Jhewn‑Kuang Chen,Mo‑Kai Tsai,Pei Wang,Tien‑Lin Cheng,Bo‑Huan Lin,Po‑Hsing Chiang,Annadurai Dhinakar 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.1

The selective laser melted (SLM) Ti–6Al–4V cellular solid is a promising material in biomedical and other applications. The mechanical properties of the SLM Ti–6Al–4V cellular material are predominantly controlled by the design of the cellular structure. The objective of this study was to investigate the uniaxial compressive properties and compressive fatigueperformance of the SLM Ti–6Al–4V cellular solid with a new cuboctahedron unit cell reinforced by four diagonal strutsand two horizontal struts along the X and Y axes. The infuences of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) on the various mechanicalproperties were also examined. The results showed a smoother stress–strain curve and fewer stress oscillations in the HIPspecimen than in the SLM specimen. The HIP process slightly decreased the yield strength of the SLM sample from 55 to52 MPa. Under uniaxial compressive stress, the SLM and HIP specimens exhibited layer-by-layer fracture and diagonalshear fracture, respectively. Furthermore, the HIP treatment signifcantly increased the fatigue performance and improved thefatigue endurance ratio at 106cycles from 0.15 to 0.35. The HIP treatment contributed to several positive efects, includingphase transformation from brittle α′ to α + β, the elimination of strut porosity and residual stress, an increase in lath size,and a better combination of strength and ductility, thereby improving the fatigue performance. The efects of stress mode onthe fracture mechanism were also clarifed using in situ observation in combination with digital image correlation.

도연명은거원인재탐 ( 陶淵明隱居原因再探 )

진영명 ( Ying Ming Chen ) 한국중국학회 1995 중국학보 Vol.35 No.1

Blocking of Cell Proliferation, Cytokines Production and Genes Expression Following Administration of Cordyceps Sinensis in the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids Cells

Kuo, Yuh-Chi,Wu, Chia-Lin,Tasi, Wei-Jern,Wang, Jir-Yenn,Chang, Shi-Chung,Lin, Ching-Yuang,Shiao, Ming-Shi 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Yuh-Chi Kuo¹,Chia-Lin Wn¹,Wei-jern Tasi¹,Jir-Yenn Wang²,Shi-Chung Chang₃,Ching-Yung Lin⁴,and Ming-Shi Shiao⁴¹National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, ²Department of Biology,Fu Jen University, ³Department of Chest, ⁴Department of Pediatrics, □De[art,amt of Medical Research and Education. Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Yuh-Chi Kuo¹,Chia-Lin Wn¹,Wei-jern Tasi¹,Jir-Yenn Wang²,Shi-Chung Chang²,Ching-Yung Lin³,and Ming-Shi Shiao⁴.¹National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, ²Department of Biology,Fu Jen University, ³Department of Chest, ⁴Department of Pediatrics, □De[art,amt of Medical Research and Education. Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Blocking of Cell Proliferation, Cytokines Production and Genes Expression Following Administration of Cordyceps sinensis in the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids Cells. Proceedings of international Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 44-64, 1999.-Cordyceps sinensis is a major parasitic fungus on larva of Lepidoptera. It is one of the well know fungi used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment asthma, lung and kideney diseases. Many fungi belonging to the genus Cordyceps have been demonstrated to produce natural products with various biological activities. Reported biological activities of genus cordyceps include:(a)inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis;(b)enhancement of cell differentiation;(c)restruction of cytoskeleton;(d)inhibition of protein kinase activity;(e)antitumor activity on bladder, colon, lung carcinoma as well as fibroblastoma;(f)inhibition of the infection and revers transciptase activity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1; and(g) inhibition of methylation of nucleic acid. Thus, it is suggested that the extracts of Cordyceps sp. Contain antitumor, antiviral, and many other biological activities. In our previous studies, we proved that C. sinensis contains the antitumor and immunomodulatory agents. In the present studies, effects of C. sinensis on bronchoalveolar lavage fluids(BAL)cells were demonstrated. The crude methanolic extracts of C. sinensis were fractionated into 15 fractions by silica gel column chromatography. Effects of various fraction on BAL cells proliferation and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) stimulated interleukin-1β(IL-8),platelet activating factor(PAF), interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-8(IL-8) production on BAL cells were determined. The result indicated that the CS-19-22 fraction suppressed BAL cells proliferation activated by LPS. The median inhibitory concentration(IC50) was 6㎍/ml. The CS-19-22 fraction also decreased IL-1β,PAF,IL-6, TNF-αand IL-8 production.The results of revers transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) demonstrated that the CS-19-22 fraction did not affect IL-1β,PAF,IL-6, TNF-α,and IL-8 mRNAs expression in BAL cells activated by LPS. By contrast, it inhibited the IL-10 mRNA expression but enhanced IFN-γand IL-12 mRNAs expression in activated BAL cells. Moreover, the CS-19-22 fraction blocked PAF-induced platelet aggregation. It is unlikely that cytotoxicity was involved. Because no cell deths were observable. We hypothesize that inhibitory mechanisms of CS-19-22 on BAL cells proliferation may be related to the impairments of gene expression and production of cytokines in BAL cells. The explanation of C. sinensis antiasthma function may involved the following(1)C.sinenesis contained immunomodulatory agents that stimulated IFN-γand IL-12 expression in TH1cells.(2)Enhanced secretion of IFN-γand IL-12 will inhibit the Tγcells immune responses Ex. Decreasing of IL-6 and IL-10 production.(3) The impairments of cytokines production in TH2 cells suppressed th BAL cells proliferation then more cytokines production Ex.IL-1β,PAF,IL-6,TNF-αand IL-8 in activated BAL cells were decreased. (4)The suppression of TH2cells immune responses will inhibit the growth and differentiation of B cells then IgE production will be decreased. (5)Reduced production of IgE will decreased asthma attack occurring in individuals. However, the results of the present study suggested that C. sinensis may also have acted to treat asthma in part by inhibiting BAL cells proliferation and cytokine gene expression and production. Future, experiments with treatment of animals with asthma with C. sinensis will be necessary to defined whether C. sinensis can reduce asthma injury. Plans are underway for the isolation of pure principal growth inhibitors and their mechanisms of action are subjected for further study.

종강덕(從康德)적 실천철학론 왕양명(王陽明)적 「지행합일」(知行合一)설(說)

이명휘 한국중국학회 1994 中國學報 Vol.34 No.1

A Study of the Content Validity of Reading Comprehension Tests in NMET II

Zhen-Jie Liu,Ming-Hao Jin 대한언어학회 2018 언어학 Vol.26 No.4

Liu, Zhen-Jie & Jin, Ming-Hao. (2018). A study of the content validity of reading comprehension tests in NMET II. The Linguistic Association of Korea Journal, 26(4), 103-124. Based on Bachman and Palmer’s (1996) framework of task characteristics, this paper aims to compare the reading comprehension tests of the 2013-2017 National Matriculation English Test II (NMET II) with the requirements of the New Curriculum Standards and Testing Syllabus, in particular, concerning the content validity of the tests in terms of the characteristics of input and expected responses. The implications of this study are discussed for test designers, teachers, and students. The results show that reading comprehension tests from 2013 to 2017 basically meet the requirements of the New Curriculum Standard and Testing Syllabus and have a high content validity. In terms of the characteristics of input, the length, reading speed, and readability of comprehension passages are appropriate for students; however, the distribution of topics and genres in each year is uneven. In terms of the characteristics of expected responses, the wordings of questions and the design of question items are reasonable. However, the response type is mainly restricted to selected response questions (multiple-choice), and the measure of reading skills coverage is unbalanced.

물류 유통을 최적화하기 위한 네트워크-유통 알고리즘의 설계

김명하, 이충세 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신연구소 2008 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.16 No.1

-본문참고-

中國 經濟體制의 變化에 따른 COSCO의 發展戰略

申明楠,李太雨 한국해운물류학회 2001 해운물류:이론과실천 Vol.- No.1

본 연구의 목적은 먼저 중국 경제체제 개혁을 단계별로 그의 특징을 살펴보고 중국 경제체제 개혁에 따라 해운의 역할 변화과정을 고찰하며 그 변화 가운데 COSCO의 발전전략의 변화를 연구하는데 있다. 중국의 개방정책과 사회주의 시장경제 도입에 따라 중국의 외항해운 정책구조도 크게 변화되어 왔다. 이러한 환경변화 속에서 중국의 외항해운도 순수한 운송서비스를 제공하는 산업으로 변화해왔으며 해운기업도 정부의 하나의 기구로서 역할하기 보다는 독립적으로 책임을 부담하고 이익창출을 기업목표로 설정하는 독립기업으로 전환되었다. COSCO는 1984년 독립적 기업으로 전환하였고 1993년 기업집단으로 발전하였다. 특히 1993년 이후 COSCO는 선대경영체제의 개혁, 육상산업의 확장, 해외업무의 확대 등 개혁조치를 채택이후 기업은 계획경제체제의 管理方式에서 탈출하여 市場經濟의 관리경영체제로 전환하였다. COSCO는 중국 경제체제 변화에 따라 적절히 발전전략을 조정하여 기업의 경쟁력을 향상하고 있다.

朱光潛的比較詩學思想及其實踐

鐘名誠 한국중국문화학회 2002 中國學論叢 Vol.14 No.-

Zhu Guangqian is a pioneer of modern Chinese comparative poetics. In the course of the exchange between oriental culture and western culture, he looked into the Chinese modern poetic movement with his international perspective. In his research of Chinese and western poems, he applied the general principles and ideas of comparative poetics, i.e. the applicable value principles; the mutually depicting principles; the principles of the sense of history; the comprehensive comparison principles and etc., to explore the art of the Chinese and western poems Zhu has made great valuable efforts in the comparative research of western and Chinese poems and had made great contributions to the healthy development of Chinese modern poems. Today whenever we encounter any difficulties in our modern Chinese poems, we will refer to Zhu's comparative poetics thoughts. We find Zhu's thoughts still very practical and instructive.