A sub-1-volt nanoelectromechanical switching device.

Lee, Jeong Oen,Song, Yong-Ha,Kim, Min-Wu,Kang, Min-Ho,Oh, Jae-Sub,Yang, Hyun-Ho,Yoon, Jun-Bo Nature Pub. Group 2013 Nature nanotechnology Vol.8 No.1

<P>Nanoelectromechanical (NEM) switches have received widespread attention as promising candidates in the drive to surmount the physical limitations currently faced by complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. The NEM switch has demonstrated superior characteristics including quasi-zero leakage behaviour, excellent density capability and operation in harsh environments. However, an unacceptably high operating voltage (4-20 V) has posed a major obstacle in the practical use of the NEM switch in low-power integrated circuits. To utilize the NEM switch widely as a core device component in ultralow power applications, the operation voltage needs to be reduced to 1 V or below. However, sub-1 V actuation has not yet been demonstrated because of fabrication difficulties and irreversible switching failure caused by surface adhesion. Here, we report the sub-1 V operation of a NEM switch through the introduction of a novel pipe clip device structure and an effective air gap fabrication technique. This achievement is primarily attributed to the incorporation of a 4-nm-thick air gap, which is the smallest reported so far for a NEM switch generated using a 'top-down' approach. Our structure and process can potentially be utilized in various nanogap-related applications, including NEM switch-based ultralow-power integrated circuits, NEM resonators, nanogap electrodes for scientific research and sensors.</P>

관절각과 지면반발력을 이용한 보행 단계의 분류

채민기(Min-Gi Chae),정준영(Jun-Young Jung),박철제(Chul-Je Park),장인훈(In-Hun Jang),박현섭(Hyun Sub Park) 제어로봇시스템학회 2012 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.18 No.7

This paper proposes the gait phase classifier using backpropagation neural networks method which uses the angle of lower body’s joints and ground reaction force as input signals. The classification of a gait phase is useful to understand the gait characteristics of pathologic gait and to control the gait rehabilitation systems. The classifier categorizes a gait cycle as 7 phases which are commonly used to classify the sub-phases of the gait in the literature. We verify the efficiency of the proposed method through experiments.

경력관리 지원인식, 조직몰입 및 고객지향성간의 구조적 관계

김민주 ( Min Ju Kim ),이재섭 ( Je Sub Lee ) 관광경영학회 2015 관광경영연구 Vol.65 No.-

This study targets the domestic airline cabin crew engaged in career management support awareness, organizational commitment, and was to verify the influence the relationship between customer orientations. The results found from the empirical analysis can be summarized as follows: perceived career management support of the airline crew looks a positive effect both on the organizational commitment will affect the hypothesis testing results, and career management support recognition of the sub-factors in firm support of the awareness and education and training development opportunities recognition to be analyzed. The impact of airline cabin crew awareness of career management support and analysis of the influence of relationship between customer orientations, career management support firm recognized the support of the sub-factors of awareness education and training development opportunities to recognize both positive customer orientation effects was found. Career development system for the organization is to help, not just confined to the work of an individual, team training or human resources and the organization. To plan, execute together and led the successful organization continue to be recognized as a problem solving through analysis results because the airline could be considered in this aspect will be operating system and support for career development.

사관생도의 체육활동을 통한 사회성발달요인이 신체적 자기효능감에 미치는 영향

민창기(Min, Chang-Gi),이종민(Lee, Jong-Min),박상섭(Park, Sang-Sub),박순희(Park, Sun-Hee),김인기(Kim, In-Ki) 한국체육과학회 2014 한국체육과학회지 Vol.23 No.2

The purpose of this study of cadets social development through physical activity factor out the impact of physical self-efficacy are seeing. To this end, on the basis of previous research and theory, cadets according to the individual characteristics of participants in physical activity factors, social development, and physical effects on self-efficacy was determined empirically. The subjects of this study are based in KAFA cadets to participate in physical activity among the 200 selected patients, 169 were used in the final part were used. By the way, more studies were summarized as follows. First, the social development of the sub-factors of the social factors, governance, stability, no statistically significant differences between men and women in the show, and overall social development factors in men than in women was higher. Physical self-efficacy subscale of physical competence and physical attractiveness in the sense of gender showed statistically significant differences, and about the physical self-efficacy was higher in women than men. Second, the social development of the factors involved in the stability of the sub-factors, depending on stocks showed a statistically significant difference, and the overall social development factors were the highest in the group event. Self-efficacy of physical competence subscale of the body involved in the events showed significant differences according to the tatistical and physical competence, the individual events and the most underestimated, interpersonal and organization in order. In other words, the overall physical self-efficacy and the lowest individual events, personal events, corporate events in order, respectively. Third, social development, physical factors impact on self-efficacy to evaluate the results with social dominance physical competence, physical self-expression, sense of physical attractiveness showed a positive correlation, and perceived physical ability and a negative correlation with has shown. Stability in the perceived physical ability, has shown a positive correlation.

연구 논문 : 전기화학적 마이크로머시닝 기술을 이용한 균일한 니오븀 표면 에칭 연구

김경민 ( Kyung Min Kim ),유현석 ( Hyeon Seok Yoo ),박지영 ( Ji Young Park ),신소운 ( So Woon Shin ),최진섭 ( Jin Sub Choi ) 한국공업화학회 2014 공업화학 Vol.25 No.1

본 연구에서는 micro-contact printing을 통하여 니오븀 호일 표면 위에 균일한 에칭 pits를 형성하였다. 균일한 보호층을 형성하고자 전해연마의 효과를 확인하였으며, 기존의 O2 플라즈마 공정 없이 손쉽게 균일한 에칭 pits를 형성시킬 수 있는 조건을 확인하였다. 메탄올 혼합 전해질을 사용하여 10 min 동안 에칭을 진행한 결과 니오븀 호일 표면 위에 지름과 간격이 각각 10 μm와 5 μm로 잘 정렬된 에칭 pits를 관찰하였다. We describe the preparation of highly-ordered etching pits on the Nb foil through a micromachining. The effects of electro-chemical polishing on the formation of uniformly-patterned protective epoxy layer was investigated. Unlike the previous proc-ess using O2 plasma, well-ordered etched pits were prepared without any dry processes. As a result, the Nb foil with the well-ordered pits of 10 μm × 5 μm could be obtained by electrochemical etching in methanolic electrolytes for 10 min.

Acute and Sub-chronic Oral Toxicity Study of Ammonium Persulfate in Spraque-Dawley Rats

Yong Soon Kim,Min Won Baek,Jae Hyuck Sung,Hyun Youl Ryu,Jin Sik Kim,Hyun Sun Cho,Byung Gil Choi,Min Sub Song,Moon Yong Song,Eun Ju Baik,Young Kuk Choi,Jong Kyu Kim,Il Je Yu,Kyung Seuk Song 한국독성학회 2009 Toxicological Research Vol.25 No.3

The toxicity test of ammonium persulfate was conducted to ensure of its potential toxic effects according to the single-dose acute oral toxicity study (OECD Guideline 423) and 90-day repeated dose sub-chronic oral toxicity study guideline (OECD Guideline 408) for establishing national chemical management system, and matching in the Globally Harmonized Classification System (GHS) category. In acute oral toxicity study, pasty stool, perineal contamination and temporary body weight decrease were observed after dosing 1st and 2nd challenge (300 ㎎/㎏ body weight). All test animals were dead within 6 hours after dosing at 3rd challenge (2000 ㎎/㎏ body weight). Therefore, the GHS class of test substance is considered class 4. In sub-chronic toxicity study, body weight changes, food consumptions, hematological, biochemical and pathological examination did not show any noticeable and significant differences between the administered (5, 20, 80 ㎎/㎏ body weight) and control (vehicle only) group animals. Based on these results, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) is considered above 80 mg/kg body weight.

Acute and Sub-chronic Oral Toxicity Study of Ammonium Persulfate in Spraque-Dawley Rats

Kim, Yong-Soon,Baek, Min-Won,Sung, Jae-Hyuck,Ryu, Hyun-Youl,Kim, Jin-Sik,Cho, Hyun-Sun,Choi, Byung-Gil,Song, Min-Sub,Song, Moon-Yong,Baik, Eun-Ju,Choi, Young-Kuk,Kim, Jong-Kyu,Yu, Il-Je,Song, Kyung-Se Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2009 Toxicological Research Vol.26 No.3

The toxicity test of ammonium persulfate was conducted to ensure of its potential toxic effects according to the single-dose acute oral toxicity study (OECD Guideline 423) and 90-day repeated dose sub-chronic oral toxicity study guideline (OECD Guideline 408) for establishing national chemical management system, and matching in the Globally Harmonized Classification System (GHS) category. In acute oral toxicity study, pasty stool, perineal contamination and temporary body weight decrease were observed after dosing 1st and 2nd challenge (300 mg/kg body weight). All test animals were dead within 6 hours after dosing at 3rd challenge (2000 mg/kg body weight). Therefore, the GHS class of test substance is considered class 4. In sub-chronic toxicity study, body weight changes, food consumptions, hematological, biochemical and pathological examination did not show any noticeable and significant differences between the administered (5, 20, 80 mg/kg body weight) and control (vehicle only) group animals. Based on these results, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) is considered above 80 mg/kg body weight.

소화용 마이크로캡슐을 함유한 소화 벽지의 개발

이상섭(Sang-Sub Lee),김창홍(Chang-Hong Kim),김민철(Min-Chul Kim),김종상(Jong-Sang Kim) 한국화재소방학회 2020 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.34 No.6

최근의 화재 사건들을 보면 노래방, 고시원 같은 좁고 밀폐된 공간에서의 화재만이 아니라 목욕탕, 물류창고 등넓은 공간에서의 화재가 발생하며, 특히 좁은 공간에서의 화재는 벽지를 통해 급격한 화재 확산과 그로 인해 발생하는 대량의 유독가스로 인해 골든타임이 단축되고, 현장에서 대피하지 못해 많은 인명피해가 일어나고 있다. 이에 대한 대책으로 불에 잘 타지 않는 방염성을 부여한 다양한 벽지가 개발되고 있지만, 방염 성분이 일반 벽지보다 5배이상의 CO를 배출해 더 심각한 인명피해를 초래할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 불길 확산의 주원인인 벽지에 소화 성능을 함유시켜 화재 발생 시 대피 시간 증가 및 불길 확산 억제의 효과를 기대하는 소화 벽지를 개발했다. 일반 물풀에소화용 마이크로 소화 캡슐을 함유해 일반 벽지의 전소 시간을 2 min에서 5 min으로 증가함을 확인했으며, 벽지 뒷면에 마이크로 소화 캡슐을 점착제 형태로 부착 후 전소 Test 및 45° 난연 시험에서 소화 유효성을 확인했으며, 열중량 분석(TGA)를 통해 반응 시작온도, Peak point, 반응 종료 온도 및 중량감소율을 확인하여 접착성 필름의 열적 특성을 확인하였으며, 시중의 방염 벽지와의 연기밀도를 비교해 유의한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. In this study, a wallpaper with fire-extinguishing properties was developed. This wallpaper is expected to increase theevacuation time and suppress the spread of flames in case of fire. It was confirmed that the fire-extinguishing time of anordinary wallpaper can be increased from 2 to 5 min by incorporating micro-extinguishing capsules in the general waterpool. After attaching microfire-extinguishing capsules in the form of a film on the back of the wallpaper, a burning testusing a torch and 45° flame retardant digestion was performed, and the thermal properties of the adhesive film were verifiedbased on the reaction start temperature, peak point, reaction end temperature, and weight reduction rate throughthermogravimetric analysis.

Effects of a High-Intensity Interval Physical Exercise Program on Cognition, Physical Performance, and Electroencephalogram Patterns in Korean Elderly People: A Pilot Study

Lee Sun Min,Choi Muncheong,전병오,Sun Kyunghwa,Kim Ki Sub,Kang Seung Wan,Song Hong-Sun,Moon So Young 대한치매학회 2022 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.21 No.3

Background and Purpose: The effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) interventions on functional brain changes in older adults remain unclear. This preliminary study aimed to explore the effect of physical exercise intervention (PEI), including HIIT, on cognitive function, physical performance, and electroencephalogram patterns in Korean elderly people. Methods: We enrolled six non-dementia participants aged >65 years from a community health center. PEI was conducted at the community health center for 4 weeks, three times/week, and 50 min/day. PEI, including HIIT, involved aerobic exercise, resistance training (muscle strength), flexibility, and balance. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for data analysis. Results: After the PEI, there was improvement in the 30-second sit-to-stand test result (16.2±7.0 times vs. 24.8±5.5 times, p=0.027), 2-minute stationary march result (98.3±27.2 times vs. 143.7±36.9 times, p=0.027), T-wall response time (104.2±55.8 seconds vs.71.0±19.4 seconds, p=0.028), memory score (89.6±21.6 vs. 111.0±19.1, p=0.028), executive function score (33.3±5.3 vs. 37.0±5.1, p=0.046), and total Literacy Independent Cognitive Assessment score (214.6±30.6 vs. 241.6±22.8, p=0.028). Electroencephalography demonstrated that the beta power in the frontal region was increased, while the theta power in the temporal region was decreased (all p<0.05). Conclusions: Our HIIT PEI program effectively improved cognitive function, physical fitness, and electroencephalographic markers in elderly individuals; thus, it could be beneficial for improving functional brain activity in this population.

Morphological Characteristics and Karyotypic Analysis of Aster spathulifolius According to Native Area

Yoon Pyung-Sub,Park Hye-Mi,Kim Dong-Min,Kim Hyun-Hee The Plant Resources Society of Korea 2005 Plant Resources Vol.8 No.3

The growth charateristics and karyotypes of Aster spathulifolius collected from 5 sites including coastal and island region on the Korean peninsula, were analysed. Several morphological characteristics of the plants such as leaf length, leaf width, top internode, medium internode, spike branching, flower diameter, number of petal, leaf color, leaf form, stem and leaf hair, viscosity, and serration of the plants were distinctly different depending on the native region from which they were collected. Karyotypic analysis showed that the chromosome number was all diploid (2n=18), with one pair of submetacentric satellite chromosomes. The chromosome composition included 7 pairs of metacentric chromosomes and 2 pairs of submetacentric chromosomes in all plants. However, chromosome order and the ranges of the chromosome lengths were a little different from plant to plant according to their native growing regions. The plants from Geoje-Do especially showed large differences in the chromosome lengths between the longest and the shortest compared to the plants from other places. This results provide important data to support the classification of the species into several sub-species.