허영자 시의 종교적 이미지 연구

손미영(Son, Mi-yeong) 한국비평문학회 2015 批評文學 Vol.- No.56

이 글은 종교적 이미지를 중심으로 허영자의 시를 검토한다. 1960년대에 등단하여 꾸준히 활동하고 있는 허영자의 시 세계는 지적 서정과 직관을 발휘하며 고른 수준을 보여주고 있다. 특히 인간의 본질적인 문제를 탐구하여 미학적 성취를 일궈낸 허영자의 시 세계에서 종교적 이미지는 주목할 만한 부분이다. 시인은 종교적 여성 인물들을 통해서 생의 고난을 직접적으로 토로하는데, 인간적인 고뇌와 죄악에서 벗어나기 위한 여인들의 참회는 성스러움을 이루는 한 방식이다. 번뇌를 견디고 극기하는 이들을 위로하는 것은 성모 마리아와 관음보살과 같은 성스러운 여성 인물들이다. 이는 가장 인간적인 고뇌를 통해 신성성에 닿는 역설적인 방식이기도 하다. 화자는 이러한 인간적 고뇌가 승화되는 순간에 종교적 황홀경을 경험한다. 이 종교적 엑스터시는 화자를 무한히 증식하는 우주로 고양시키거나 절대적 존재와의 동일시를 통해 피안의 세계로 나아가게 한다. 이 세계 속에서 주체는 무한한 가능성과 희열을 얻으며 고통의 과정을 완성한다. 그러나 이러한 황홀경의 순간은 후기의 시편에 이르러서는 세계 내의 존재들에서 신성성을 발견하는 응시의 방식으로 자연스럽게 전환한다. 특정 종교의 이미지를 통하지 않고도 시인은 세계의 모든 부분에서 숨은 신을 발견할 수 있게 된 것이다. 이로써 종교적 이미지를 통해 표현되었던 신성함의 실제들은 현실의 대상들을 통해 드러난다. 이 같은 변화는 종교적 이미지에서 현실의 대상에서 신성성을 발견하는 것처럼, 장식적인 시어가 아니라 평범한 언어를 재발견하고자 하는 시인의 시의식이 극대화되었음을 의미한다. 즉, 실재는 특별하지 않은 현실의 언어를 응시하여 그 속에 숨은 아름다움을 발견하고, 이로써 시를 직조하는 미적 연단의 과정에서 드러나는 것이다. 이 단계에 이르러 시인에게 시는 종교가 되었으며, 언어를 연단하는 과정은 내적 희열을 예비하는 극기의 과정이 되었다. The purpose of this study is to examine Heo Yeong-ja’s poems focusing on the religious image. The poems of Heo Yeong-ja, who made her debut as a poet in 1960s, show intellectual lyricism and intuition. Especially, in the world of Heo Yeong-ja’s poems that explore the fundamental problems of human beings and make aesthetic achievement, the religious image is an important part. Poets directly speak the hardship of life through religious female characters, and women’s repentance to escape from agony and sin is a way of realizing sanctity. Those who console people enduring and overcoming anguish are holy female characters such as the Virgin Mary or the Buddhist Goddess of Mercy. This is also a paradoxical way of reaching sacredness through the most humane agony. A narrator comes to experience religious ecstasy at the moment this humane agony sublimates. This religious ecstasy helps a narrator advance into the state of enlightenment by expanding him or her to the limitlessly spreading universe or equating him or her with an absolute being. In this world, an entity completes the process of pain by gaining infinite possibility and delight. However, in later poems, this moment of ecstasy naturally changes into a way of gazing to find sacredness. Here, the poet comes to be able to find God hidden in all parts of the world without specific religious images. Thus, the entities expressed through the religious image are exposed through objects in reality. This change indicates that poet’s poetic awareness to rediscover normal language, not decorative poetic language, has been maximized, which is similar to finding sacredness in objects in reality. That is, it is to gaze at the language undistinguished in reality and find out the hidden beauty inside, which leads to the process of aesthetic refinement. In this stage, to the poet, poems become religion and the process of refining language becomes the process of perseverance for internal delight.

속도에 매혹된 모더니스트의 초상 - 김경린론

손미영(Son, Mi-yeong) 한국비평문학회 2014 批評文學 Vol.- No.51

이 글은 김경린의 시를 ‘속도’에 주목하여 검토한다. <후반기> 동인의 좌장이었던 김경린에게 현대의 속도와 빠르게 변화하는 문명의 속도는 중요한 의미를 지닌다. 그의 시는 진보하는 역사에 대한 신뢰를 바탕으로 하며 무한한 가능성으로 채워진 미래를 향해 ‘질주하는’ 이미지로 채워져 있다. 특히 1930년대에서 1990년대에 이르는 폭넓은 그의 시세계에서 ‘속도’의 이미지는 미세하게 변모하는데, 질주에서 나비의 날갯짓으로, 나비에서 불새의 비상으로 이어진다. 초기에 발표된 시는 “국제열차처럼” 질주하며 입체도를 떠올리는 수직과 수평의 선으로 도시를 그려낸다. 빠른 속도가 도시의 이미지를 단순한 선의 조합으로 만들어내는 것이다. 빠른 속도가 가능성으로 열린 미래를 향한다는 점에서, 그의 초기 시에서 속도는 문명의 진보이며 한국의 새로운 내일에 대한 기대임을 드러낸다. 그러나 전쟁의 충격은 그의 속도를 나비의 날갯짓으로 늦추었다. 나비의 속도로 나는 동안, 시인은 선으로 그려내던 도시를 구체적으로 조망하기 시작한다. 속도가 느려지면서 시인은 또한 인간 삶의 근원적 문제를 돌아본다. 미래에 대한 긍정적 신뢰는 존재하고 있으나 그 어조에는 애상이 깃들었으며, 이미 세상을 떠나간 모더니스트 시인들을 그리워하기도 한다. 애상에 잠겨 있던 시인은 1980년대에 이르러 불새로 비상한다. 그는 ‘세계적 흐름’인 포스트모더니즘의 기류를 타고 세계를 향해 불새가 되어 비행한다. 불새의 비행은 역설적으로 세계적 동시성에의 욕망을 포함하고 있다. 무한히 뻗어나가는 길과 비행이 세계로 향하는 것은 21세기의 속도에 걸맞는 문학을 ‘창작해야 한다’는 당위가 그의 시에 미치는 영향을 드러낸다. 결국 김경린 시에서 속도의 변화는 시인의 내적 고뇌에 대한 결과인 동시에 당대의 시대적 상황을 반영한 결과이기도 하다. 현실에 민감하게 반응하고, 어떠한 시를 읊어야 하는 것인가에 대한 고민이 그의 미학과 만나 화학작용을 일으키는 지점이 바로 ‘속도’인 것이다. This paper looks into Kim Kyung-lin"s poetry in terms of ‘speed.’ For him, the principal of Coterie Hubangi (The Second Half) the speeds of modern times and rapidly changing civilization have important implications. His poems are based on his trust in progressive history and full of images ‘speeding up’ toward the future filled with infinite possibilities. In particular, in the broad world of his poetry from the 1930s through the 1990s, the image of ‘speed’ changes minutely, leading from speeding to a flap of a butterfly’s wings and the butterfly to a soaring fire bird. His earlier poems, speeding up like “an international train,” draw the city with vertical and horizontal lines reminding us of the three-dimensional drawing; a high speed makes the image of the city a combination of simple lines. In that high speed is heading for the open future as a possibility, his earlier poems reveal that the speed is progress of civilization and an expectation of South Korea"s new tomorrow. And yet, the impact of the war slowed his speed down to a flap of a butterfly’s wings. While he was flying at the speed of a butterfly, the poet began to view the city in detail, which he had drawn with lines. Speeding down, the poet looks back upon the fundamental issues of human life. There is a positive trust in the future, while the tone is covered with sorrow and he sometimes misses modernist poets who have passed away. The poet who has been lost in grief soars as a fire bird by the 1980s. He rides on the air current of post-modernism, ‘a global flow,’ flying toward as a fire bird. The flying fire bird, paradoxically, implies a desire for global simultaneity. The roads stretching infinitely and the flying proceeding to the world reveal the influence of the duty by which he ‘has to write’ poems fitting for the speed of the 21st century on his poetry. Consequently, changes in speed of Kim Kyung-lin’s poetry are the result of the poet’s inner agony and at the same time that of a reflection of the contemporary historical situation. His concerns about how to respond to the reality sensitively and what poems he should recite meet his aesthetics and stimulate chemical activities at the very point of ‘speed.’

여성의 질내 균총과 자궁경부암 세포주에 대한 천궁 지상부 추출물의 생육 억제능

오영지,김미리,정동선 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 2011 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.23 No.-

This study was carried out to investigate the usefulness of the aerial part of Cnidium officinale Makino as a bioactive material source. The aerial parts (leaf and stem) of Cnidium officinale Makino was extracted with three kinds of solvents and tested for their growth inhibiting activities against harmful and beneficial bacteria. The ethyl acetate fraction completely inhibited the growth of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus epidermidis at the concentration of 0.625 mg/mL. However, the ethyl acetate fraction of Cnidium officinale Makino did not significantly retard the growth of Lactobacillus plantarum, which is a beneficial normal flora of the genital tract, even at concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. The ethyl acetate fraction of the aerial parts also exhibited cytotoxic effect against HeLa cells with an estimated IC50 of 45 µg/mL, and lowered protein expression level of Bcl-2 in the HeLa cells, which is an anti-apoptotic protein. These results suggest that the aerial part of Cnidium officinale Makino, as well as the rhizomes, may be useful herbal source for certain medicinal application by restricting the growth of many potential pathogens without any adverse effect on growth of beneficial bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria. Key words:Cnidium officinale Makino, leaf and stem, antifungal activity, antimicrobial activity, lactic acid bacteria.

남녀 고등학생의 교복과 자율복의 대한 태도 연구

김미정,김영숙,배지혜,신영옥,장명희,황인순 효성여자대학교 가정대학 학도호국단 1984 家政大論集 Vol.3 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitude difference toward the school uniform, it was supposed that clothing acceptance was differentiated according to subjects. The subjects were grouped by 3 types which were students, teachers(school governors) and parents groups. The results were as follows; 1. Boy students reguired the more freedom of clothing than girls. 2. Teachers and parents groups considered that clothing affected student's behavior and self-esteem. 3. The acceptance of school plain dress was affected by atomosphere of home and school. 4. According to socioeconomic levels, there were differences in clothing acceptance and fashion acceptance.

일본 4컷 만화에 나타난 오노마토페의 사용 양상 : 근대․현대 4컷 만화 작품을 중심으로

현영미 ; 이경규 동의대학교 인문사회연구소 2011 인간과 문화 연구 Vol.18 No.-

오노마토페의 사용은 평소 의식하지 않고 감각적으로 이루어지고 있으며, 이러한 실생활에서 사용되는 오노마토페는 타 장르에서보다 만화라는 장르에 있어서 가장 가까운 형태임을 알 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 일본 만화 중 기승전결이라는 리듬감을 가지고 있고, 시사․풍자․철학 등의 비교적 내용의 완성도에 있어 높은 평가를 받고 있는 4컷 만화를 연구대상으로 하였다. 근대와 현대 작품을 선정하여 시대의 흐름에 따른 사용양상을 비교해 보았다. (1) 시대가 다른 두 작품에 따른 오노마토페의 출현 빈도는, 현대 작품의 출현빈도가 높게 나타났으나, 두 작품 모두 비교적 낮은 출현 빈도였다. 이는 4개의 컷이라는 제한 적인 컷 안에서 스토리가 종료되어야 하기 때문에 한 눈에 모든 상황이 파악되는 그림의 의존도가 높기 때문이다. (2) 만화의 오노마토페는 단어를 형성하는 것에 적극적으로 참여하고 있는데 「うわっはっはっはっは」와 「ハッハッハヽヽヽヽヽヽ」와 같이 어말을 반복하여 실제 음향이나 모양에 더 가깝게 묘사하기 위해 사전에 수록되지 않은 새로운 어휘들이 생겨나고 있다. (3) 근대 작품의 오노마토페는 「AッBリ」형이, 현대 작품에서는 오노마토페의 표준형이라고 할 수 있을 「ABAB」형보다 「Aー」형의 오노마토페 횟수가 높게 나타났다. (4) 4개의 컷이라는 컷의 한계와 신문이라는 특성상 만화의 소재에 어느 정도의 제약을 받게 되므로, 오노마토페 사용 또한 액션이나 스포츠 등의 임팩트가 강한 소재의 스토리 만화와는 달리 적극적이지 못했다. Generally, onomatopoeia is used sensuously without consciousness, and we can know this kind of onomatopoeia which is used in daily life is the closest form in cartoon genre than any other genres. On this study, we studied Japanese four-frame cartoons which have four steps in composition (introduction, development, turn, and conclusion), and relatively receive high praise in perfection of suggestive, satirical, and philosophical contents. We also compared aspects in using onomatopoeia with the stream of times choosing modern and contemporary works. (1) Appearance frequency of onomatopoeia in two works which are in different time is that appearance frequency in contemporary works is higher, but both two works have relatively low appearance frequency, and the reason of that is level of dependence on pictures which help people to understand all situations at a glance is high. It’s because frames of cartoon are limited (2) Onomatopoeia in the cartoons actively makes words, and new words which are not included in the dictionary are created to describe closer to real sound or shape repeating auslaut such as 「うわっはっはっはっは」 and 「ハッハッハヽヽヽヽヽヽ」 (3) 「AッBリ」form of onomatopoeia frequency is high in modern works, and 「Aー」 form of onomatopoeia appears in contemporary works more frequently than 「ABAB 」 form which is referred to standard form of onomatopoeia. (4) Overall, using onomatopoeia can’t be active in four-frame cartoons, unlike action or sports comics which have dynamic materials. The reason is because not only are frames limited but it has its characteristic that it is carried in the newspaper.

완화형 강유전성 Pb(Fe_(1/2)Nb_(x/8)Ta_(4-x/8))O₃세라믹스의 합성

최미령,김영철 한국기술교육대학교 2002 論文集 Vol.9 No.1

Relaxor ferroelectrics solid solutions that do not exhibit abrupt phase transition temperatures show high dielectric constants at wide range of temperatures, due to their broad phase transition properties. These relaxor ferroelectrics solid solutions have complex perovskite structure of A(B´B˝)O₃, by incorporating two cations in B-site at the base perovskite structure of ABO₃. A-site and B´-site were filled with Pb^(2+) and Fe^(3+), respectively, and B˝-site with different ratios of Nb^(5+) and Ta^(5+), to investigate the effect of the ratio of B˝-site cations on the phase transformation of the Pb(Fe_(1/2)Nb_(x/8)Ta_(4-x/8))O₃(PFNT). The result of the fabricated PFNT, analyzed by XRD and SEM, showed regular and irregular grain boundary phases depending on the ratio of B˝-site cations.

화재 피해를 입은 고 강도 철근 콘크리트 보의 보수 성능

신미경,신영수,이차돈,홍성걸,강지연 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2(구조계)

This paper is to evaluate practically the techniques and materials of repair for high strength concrete elements with fire damages as well as to investigate the structural behavior of beams according to pre- or post-repair after fire-damages. For this purpose, flexural specimens with high strength concrete were exposed to high temperatures by the ISO 834 specification. After natural cooling and post-fire-curing in a natural environment for 1 months, 6 specimens were loaded to failure after they were repaired with polymer cement mortar for 1 month curing.

效率的인 都市成長管理를 위한 開發制限區域 接境地域의 管理方案

金瑛,趙宰英,文美景 경상대학교 생산기술연구소 2000 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.16 No.-

For classification of the border areas, this study attempts a discriminant analysis using two kinds of main characteristics: land-use variables and land-price variables; consequen1ty the management strategy of the border areas is subdivided into 4 functional types according to hit ratio. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. (1) A-type area requires management strategy connected to town's function because it is similar to high-density-town. (2) B-type area resulted from not only a restrictive land-use control but also in need of environmental preservation under development pressure. Accordingly the management of this type of area requires especially residential participation. (3) Since C-type area is in close connection to the suburbs of towns, the management of this area demands both conservation and development through environmentally affection and sustainable management strategy. (4) The management of D-type area is closely related to that of Green Belt area because it is given more developmental pressure with town expanding in consideration of land-use and land-price. And since this area is used for woodland or farmland, it is necessary to prevent from sprawling development and conserve environment.

중 · 러 국경지역의 변화 : 러시아극동으로의 중국인 이주 및 활동을 중심으로, 1990-1998 focusing on the Chinese influx and activites in the Russian Far East, 1990-1998

윤영미 순천향대학교 이순신연구소 2004 이순신연구논총 Vol.- No.3

The main purpose of this article is to deal with the questions of the Chinese migration to and economic activities in the Russian Far East. In the early 1990s the border between Russia and Northern China became open in order to promote an economic relationship by gaining from the development of border trade and direct contact with neighbouring Chinese provinces. However, due to its geographical proximity to Russia, it has resulted in a massive Chinese migration to the RFE and also experienced a shortage of labour and the Chnese provided contract workers to fill this need. However, some negative side effects of this included the massive influx into Russia of Chinese immigrants. Many of these immigrants were in fact illegal and some brought with them criminal activities, such as the smuggling of drugs. Nonetheless, in order to promote the economic development of their border regions, both Russia and China have been working together to construct good relations with the support of the national and regional governments. Both the southern part of the RFE and the northern Chinese regions are making increasing efforts to ensure that a good relationship has maintained.

어린이 김치 표준화에 대한 연구 : 어린이 김치에 적합한 고추가루 The Proper Red Pepper Powder for Children's Kimchi

송영옥,빈성미,문정원 부산대학교 김치연구소 1996 김치의 과학과 기술 Vol.2 No.-

This study is a continuous work for the standardization of children's kimchi preparation. In order to find out the proper red pepper powder for children's kimchi, four kinds of red pepper powder(A, B, C, D) sold in Kyungsang province were used as samples. The proximate composition, color value, capsaicinoids concentration and sugar content in four kinds of the red pepper powder were determined, and sensory evaluation of kimchi prepared with those was carried out for different fermentation times. Moisture contents of red pepper powder A, B, C and D were in the range of 11.59∼13.48%. Lipid and ash contents of samples were in the range of 7.59∼8.39% and 4.34∼7.45%, respectively. In comparision of color values measured by a Hunter colorimeter, red pepper powder A showed the highest value for a and b values. Also A showed the brightest color as measured in ASTA color and L value. Capsaicin concentration of D and dihydrocapsaicin concentration of C were found to be the highest among the samples. The capsaicin equivalent was in the order of D>C>A>B. The content of total sugar was in the order of B>A>D>C. In the sensory evaluation of children's kimchi prepared with four kinds of red pepper powder, the color and total acceptability of kimchi prepared with A were found to be the best. The results of sensory evaluation between kimchi prepared with A and school supplied kimchi showed that the former was better. And the composition of A red pepper powder was as follows: capsaicin equivalent 24.15㎎%, total sugar content 15.79% and ASTA color value 178.2.