Impaired Autoproteolytic Cleavage of mCLCA6, a Murine Integral Membrane Protein Expressed in Enterocytes, Leads to Cleavage at the Plasma Membrane Instead of the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Melanie K. Bothe,Achim D. Gruber,Lars Mundhenk,Carol L. Beck,Matthias Kaup 한국분자세포생물학회 2012 Molecules and cells Vol.33 No.3

CLCA proteins (calcium-activated chloride channel regulators) have been linked to diseases involving secretory disorders, including cystic fibrosis (CF) and asthma. They have been shown to modulate endogenous chloride conductance, possibly by acting as metalloproteases. Based on the differential processing of the subunits after post-translational cleavage, two subgroups of CLCA proteins can be distinguished. In one subgroup, both subunits are secreted, in the other group, the carboxy-terminal subunit possesses a transmembrane segment, resulting in shedding of only the amino-terminal subunit. Recent data on the post-translational cleavage and proteolytic activity of CLCA are limited to secreted CLCA. In this study, we cha-racterized the cleavage of mCLCA6, a murine CLCA pos-sessing a transmembrane segment. As for secreted CLCA, the cleavage in the endoplasmic reticulum was not observed for a protein with the E157Q mutation in the HEXXH motif of mCLCA6, suggesting that this mutant protein and secreted CLCA family members share a similar autoproteolytic cleavage mechanism. In contrast to secreted CLCA proteins with the E157Q mutation, the uncleaved precursor of the mCLCA6E157Q mutant reached the plasma membrane, where it was cleaved and the amino-terminal subunit was shed into the supernatant. Using crude membrane fractions, we showed that cleavage of the mCLCA6E157Q protein is zinc-dependent and sensitive to metalloprotease inhibitors, suggesting secondary cleavage by a metalloprotease. Interestingly, anchorage of mCLCA6E157Q to the plasma membrane is not essential for its secondary cleavage, because the mCLCA6∆TME157Q mutant still underwent cleavage. Our data suggest that the processing of CLCA proteins is more complex than previously recognized.

Basic Relations and Stereotype Relations in the Semantics of Compound Nouns

( Melanie J. Bell ) 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2015 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.16 No.3

This paper tests the hypothesis of Fanselow (1981) that the semantic relations in compound nouns are of two types: ‘basic’ and ‘stereotype’. It is shown that the probability of a compound falling into either of Fanselow’s proposed categories can be largely predicted using semantic and distributional properties of the constituent nouns, as well as the degree of lexicalisation of the compound as a whole. The so-called ‘basic’ relations, namely constitution, location, identity, resemblance and meronymy, are more likely in compounds that are not lexicalised, that have productive modifiers and/or semanticallyspecific heads, and whose constituents are perceived as representing concrete rather than abstract concepts. It is argued that such relations might be regarded as basic in several ways: they relate to states of physical entities, have a high level of generality and may be associated with semantic and phonological transparency.

Why epistemic justice matters in and for education

Melanie Walker 서울대학교 교육연구소 2019 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.20 No.2

The paper considers the importance of epistemic justice in democratic life, and the signifcance of education as a key space to foster the relevant epistemic capabilities. Epistemic in/justice ofers resources to think about conditions of possibility (what Amartya Sen calls ‘conversion factors’), given that societies train our sensibilities in ways which are fawed and prejudiced. It is proposed further that Amartya Sen’s emphasis on public reasoning is central to epistemic justice. Using the space of education to make the argument, core ideas in the capability approach are frst outlined. Epistemic justice is described, and the claim is then advanced that Miranda Fricker’s ‘epistemic contribution capability’ is generative in education settings for developing democratic and public reasoning capabilities. To be fully involved in learning and development and fair-achieved outcomes in formal education, students would need opportunities to develop their epistemic capability of being able both to receive information and to make interpretive contributions to the common pool of knowledge, understanding, and practical deliberation. Conditions of respect, recognition and equal moral worth would be required so that all students should have access to the capability and to have their contributions taken up as integral to their fourishing. Thus, in universities and schools, epistemic virtues should be educated, trained, developed and scafolded pedagogically, including cultivating emotions. The paper then considers the challenge of free speech and what this may demand of us educationally

Marriage Migration and Empowerment : Unveiling the Narratives of Filipino Women Married to Korean Nationals

Melanie M. Reyes 한국이민학회 2020 한국이민학 = Korean journal of international migration Vol.7 No.2

본 논문은 미시적, 중간적, 거시적 수준에서 결혼이주여성의 내러티브를 분석함으로써 필리핀-한국의 결혼 맥락에서 결혼 이주 현상을 이해하고 가정, 지역 사회 및 정부 차원에서의 여성에 대한 억압 또는 임파워먼트의 원인을 조사하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구를 위해 다양한 범주의 여성이 의도적으로 선택되었으며, 이 범주에는 통일교를 통해 결혼한 여성, 한국에서 남편을 만난 여성, 온라인에서 만난 여성, 필리핀에서 만난 여성, 남편과 같은 전문직 종사자, 시골에 사는 여성, 도시 지역에 사는 여성 등이 포함된다. 선택된 모든 응답자는 둘 이상의 범주에 속하는데, 인종, 연령, 학력, 시민권 또는 경제적 지위에 기반한 교차 정체성은 모든 수준에서 임파워먼트 혹은 억압의 원천이 될 수 있었다. 또한, 그들이 겪는 인종차별 경험은 한국 사회에서 인정받기 위해 더 열심히 일하여 불안정을 해소해온 것을 확인할 수 있었다. The paper analyzes women’s narratives of marriage migration at the micro, meso, and macro levels. It aims to understand the phenomenon of marriage migration within the context of Filipino-South Korean marriages and examine the sources of oppression and/or empowerment of women at the household, community, and government levels. Purposive sampling was employed in choosing different categories of women. These categories include women who married via “Moonies”, those who met their husbands in South Korea, those who met online, those who met in the Philippines, those who are professionals like their husband, those who live in rural areas, and those who live in urban areas. All the chosen respondents belong to more than one category. Their intersecting identities based on ethnicity, age, educational attainment, citizenship, or economic status could be sources of empowerment or oppression across all levels. Their experiences of racial discrimination challenged them to work harder and address their insecurities in order to be recognized in South Korean society.

Young Women Taking the Lead

Melanie Marcelo REYES 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2014 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 학술대회자료집 Vol.2014 No.7

Regulatory Governance in Marriage Migration

Melanie M. Reyes 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2017 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 학술대회자료집 Vol.2017 No.1

Return Migration of Overseas Filipinos

Melanie M. Reyes 전남대학교 글로벌디아스포라연구소 2017 전남대학교 세계한상문화연구단 국제학술회의 Vol.2017 No.11

Philippines is considered to be one of the largest migrant countries of origin in the world. International migration has shaped the Philippines economic, socio-political and cultural development over the past decades. Though it started as a temporary measure to ease unemployment, it has become a permanent pattern for many to pursue better opportunities and incentives. Furthermore, migration has increasingly gendered where 90% of domestic workers are women. The Philippine government attempts to provide safety measures to protect the rights of Filipino overseas but many are still trapped in vulnerable situations. The government also provides reintegration programs which are quite good but many Filipino migrants and immigrants are unaware of. This paper looks at the reasons why many Filipino overseas would rather take the risk to work and stay in a foreign land rather than settle permanently in the country.

The Health and Occupation Research Network: An Evolving Surveillance System

Melanie Carder,Louise Hussey,Annemarie Money,Matthew Gittins,Roseanne McNamee,Susan Jill Stocks,Dil Sen,Raymond M. Agius 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2017 Safety and health at work Vol.8 No.3

Vital to the prevention of work-related ill-health (WRIH) is the availability of good quality data regarding WRIH burden and risks. Physician-based surveillance systems such as The Health and Occupation Research (THOR) network in the UK are often established in response to limitations of statutory, compensation-based systems for addressing certain epidemiological aspects of disease surveillance. However, to fulfil their purpose, THOR and others need to have methodologic rigor in capturing and ascertaining cases. This article describes how data collected by THOR and analogous systems can inform WRIH incidence, trends, and other determinants. An overview of the different strands of THOR research is provided, including methodologic advancements facilitated by increased data quantity/quality over time and the value of the research outputs for informing Government and other policy makers. In doing so, the utility of data collected by systems such as THOR to address a wide range of research questions, both in relation to WRIH and to wider issues of public and social health, is demonstrated.

Giving China Leverage

Melanie Hart 동아시아재단 2017 Global Asia Vol.12 No.4

Context and Culture in Language Learning and Teaching

Melanie Vandenhoven 대한영어교육학회 2003 Korea TESOL Journal Vol.6 No.1