韩汉在过去时间概念表达特点上的对比研究

朱美英(Zhu Mei Ying),白知永(Peck Jee Young) 중국문화연구학회 2016 중국문화연구 Vol.0 No.31

This work investigates if Chinese has a past tense as a grammatical category or not, and also what are the major linguistic methods to mark the notion of past in Chinese. We selected one of the most widely read Korean written novel and its Chinese translation in as a corpus for our comparative analysis. We extracted sentences which include ‘-었-’ or ‘-었었-’ from Korean data and their corresponding sentences in the Chinese data. Then for Chinese sentences, we annotated what methods each sentence uses to express the notion of past, among the eight types of methods which have been observed as a past tense marker by previous studies. These methods are zero marking, lexical expression, temporal adverb, mei+V, resultative phrase, aspect markers le/zhe/guo, V+de, and sentence final particles le2/laizhe. Then each marker was ranked according to their frequency: the most frequently used method is zero marking, followed by aspect markers+mei, then by resultative phrase. The least frequently used methods are ‘de’ to begin with, followed by temporal adverb and sentence final particle le2. Our statistics demonstrates different weight of each past marker in Chinese. Next, we classified each marker into three different types, namely, syntactic, lexical and pragmatic categories, and the ratio between these three categories is 42:19:39. This result indicates that Chinese sentences rely on grammatical method with 42% of weight, lexical method with 19% of weight and pragmatic method with 39% of weight when expressing the notion of past. Our statistics supports the hypothesis that Chinese does not have a grammatical category of Tense which includes Past as its subcategory. Furthermore, based on the statistics, this study also provides some useful suggestions for teaching and learning regarding how to express the notion of past when dealing with verbs denoting various aspectual properties in Chinese. The statistical analysis drawn from Korean-Chinese comparative corpus in this work sheds light on the study of Tense in Chinese as well as the study of pedagogy for Tense and Aspect of Chinese.

A Research for Hakka Aged People Life Requirements - Taking Kaohsiung Mei-Nong County as an Example of This Study

Mei-Jung Chen,Wen-Wen Lin,Yen-Yen Chen 한국간호과학회 2005 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.10

유무선 통합 환경에서 효과적인 멀티캐스트 라우팅 알고리즘

원미란,김미혜 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신 연구소 2004 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.12 No.1

본 논문은 유무선 통합 환경에서 효과적인 멀티캐스트 라우팅 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안한 M_AQDMR 알고리즘은 Agent내에 내장된 두 가지 버퍼(Storage_Buffer 및 Provisional_Buffer)를 이용하여 모바일 노드가 이동할 때 패킷의 손실을 방지할 수 있으며, JoinRequest메시지와 JoinAccept메시지를 이용하여 동적으로 멀티캐스트 트리 구조를 조절할 수 있다. 시뮬레이션 결과, 새로운 M_AQDMR 알고리즘은 네트워크 비용, 패킷 손실률 등의 측면에서 기존의 QDMR 알고리즘에 비해 효율적임을 알 수 있었다. In this paper, we propose an efficient multicast routing algorithm on the wire/wireless integrated environment. This proposed M_AQDMR algorithm can prevent loss of packet when mobile node moves by using two internal buffers(storage_buffer and provisional_buffer), and dynamically control multicast tree by using JoinRequest message and JoinAccept message. The result of simulations showed that this new M_AQDMR algorithm is more efficient than the existing QDMR algorithms in the case of network cost and loss of packet

韩国语“이/그/저(类)”和“这样” 的非指示用法对比

姜美子 동의대학교 인문사회연구소 2011 인간과 문화 연구 Vol.18 No.-

作为指代成分、韩国语的“이/그/저(类)”和汉语的“这样”、既有指示功能、又可以回指上文、也可以下指下文、同时、它还具有外指功能。不同的指代方式、使其在话语分布及先行语或后行语的选择上表现出一些值得注意的特点。本文试从回指、下指、外指这三种指代功能出发、分析其在话语中的分布和语用特点。 As reference items, “이/그/저” in Korean and “zheyang” in Chinese both have indicative functions, which can refer to above and below paragraphs, besides that the exophoric function is showed. With different ways of referring, it has some notable features in dicourse distribution and selectional restriction of antecedents and postecedents. Based on the functions of back reference and for word reference and exophora, the paper mainly analyses its distribution in discourses and pragmatic features.

대만의 지능장애와 감각장애 특수학교 교장 전형 리더십에 대한 연구

蕭金土,高文民,卓美方,王金香 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2007 再活科學硏究 Vol.25 No.1

최근 몇 년 회귀 주류와의 융합 교육 정책 하에 대만의 특수 교육 학교는 예전과 다른 큰 변화에 직면해 있다. 완전 융합 이념의 실시 또 심신장애학생을 주류교육으로 회귀해야 한다는 것을 제창함으로, 특수교육학교는 인원이 감소하게 됐다. 특수교육 학교는 신입생 모집이 부족한 상황에서 학교 교사들의 관점이 교장의 지도에 대해 보는 관점이 어떻게 다른가? 그에 대한 요구도 다른가? 본 연구는 두 인자 변의 수 분석이 대만 지능 장애와 감각 장애 종류의 특수 교육 학교 교장전형 리더십에 대한 연구이다. 실험 대상자는 8개 지능 장애종류 특수교육 학교와 5개 감각 장애종류 특수 교육 학교의 259명의 교사이고 그들이 특수교육학교 교장 리더에 대한 건의를 제출했다. In recent years, the domestic special education schools have faced with huge changes under the mainstream and inclusive education policies for the implementation of the full-inclusive and the mainstream education for the students with impairment. That causes the special education schools to reduce classes. Under this situation, what are the teachers?fdifferent views about the principal? What are their needs? The study was undertaken through two-way ANOVA to explore principals?ftransformational leadership between the schools for the mentally retarded and for the sensory impaired. 259 teachers were selected from 8 schools for the mentally retarded and 5 sensory impairment special education schools. Based upon the findings, the implications for practice were proposed.

중국거주 조선족 여성의 영적 안녕정도가 정신건강에 미치는 영향

정성덕,이종범,김진성,서완석,배대석,박순재,주열,염형욱,김승원,김구묘,안영록,황대홍,표미자,조창열,정태길 영남대학교 의과대학 2004 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.21 No.2

자아초월 정신의학이 체계화되면서 영성(spirituality)은 인성의 한 부분이라는 이론이 대두되었는데 이 영성은 정신건강에 큰 영향을 미친다고 했다. 인간의 성향 중 영적 안녕 정도를 파악하여 그 정도가 정신건강 중 허위성 경향, 정신병적 경향 및 불안과 우울 경향 등에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 조사하고저 본 연구를 실시하였다. 대상은 중국의 연변 조선족 자치구에 거주하는 여성 400명을 대상으로 하여 한국판 영적 안녕척도를 사용하여 영적 안녕정도를 파악하였다. 영적 안녕척도의 총점과 이 척도의 2개 하위 척도인 종교적 안녕과 실존적 안녕 척도 양자로 평가한 성적이 불안-우울통합척도와 정신분열증 척도 및 허위성 척도로 평가한 성적에 미치는 영향을 검증하기 위하여 상관관계분석 및 회기분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 영적 안녕척도로 평가한 조선족 여성의 총점은 68.29로 한국의 기독교 여성이 평가한 100.65보다 훨씬 낮은 점수였다. 2) 불안·우울통합척도로 평가한 총점은 44.88로 연변노인이 평가한 점수와 일개지역의 한국농촌주민이 평가한 점수와 비슷한 결과였다. 3) 허위성 척도로 평가한 성적은 평균 74.57로 70점 이상이 86%(344명)이었으나 영적 안녕 성적과 허위성 성적 간에는 유의한 상관이 없었다. 4) 영적 안녕총점은 정신분열증 척도로 평가한 정신병적 경향에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았으나 종교적 안녕하위척도의 성적은 정신병적 경향을 높여준데 비하여 실존적 안녕하위척도의 성적은 정신병적 경향을 낮게 해주었다. 5) 영적 안녕척도의 총점 및 두 하위척도인종교적 안녕과 실존적 안녕은 불안과 우울에유의한 상관을 보였는데 영적 안녕총점이 높을수록 불안·우울 총점이 다소 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 6) 종교적 안녕 하위척도와 불안과 우울과의 관계는 종교적 안녕점수가 높을수록 불안과 우울을 각각 다소 유의하게 높여주었으며 이에 비하여 실존적 안녕하위척도와 불안과 우울과의 관계는 실존적 안녕정도가 높을수록 불안 및 우울점수는 유의하게 낮아졌다. 이와 같은 성적을 미루어볼 때 연변에 거주하는 조선족 여성이 평가한 영적 안녕정도는 정신병적 경향과 불안 및 우울에 유의한 상관을 보였으면 이 척도의 하위 척도인 종교적 안녕정도는 정신건강에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 반면 실존적 안녕정도는 정신건강에 긍정적 영향을 미친 결과로 평가되었다. 이러한 결과는 공산주의 사회에서 실존적 안녕은 긍정적인 가치관으로 평가되는 반면 종교적 안녕은 정신건강에 부정적으로 작용한 것을 입증해 주었다고 하겠다. Background: Spirituality has been an important part of Transpersonal Psychology and is believed to have a large effect on the mental health because it has been systematized. The aim of this study was to determine the level of spiritual disposition on human beings along with its effects on one's mental health. Materials and Methods: The study targeted 400 women residing in Youn-Gil city of JiLin Prov., which is a district of the Cho-Sun tribe in China. Their spiritual well-being was studied using the Spiritual Well-being Scale-Korean Version. The spiritual well-being scale consists of 2 sub-scales of religious well-being and existential well-being. The study was evaluated using a lie scale, psychotic trend, and a combined anxiety-depression scale. The results were considered to be factors of one's mental health. The correlation between the spiritual well-being and each tendency was analyzed by regression analysis. Results: The total score of the Cho-Sun tribal women according to the spiritual well-being scale was 68.29 which was much less than the 100.65 of Korean Christian women. There was no significant correlation between the spiritual well-being and the Lie trend. However, it was found that 86%(344) of Cho-Sun tribal women scored above 70 in the Lie trend with a mean score of 74.57 which is higher than normal populations. Regarding the correlation between the spiritual well-being and psychotic trend, the psychotic trend became significantly higher when the religious well-being was at a high level. On the other hand, the psychotic trend became significantly lower when the existential well-being was at a high level. Regarding the correlation between the spiritual well-being and anxiety, the anxiety was significantly higher when the religious well-being was at a high level. However, the anxiety level was significantly low when the existential well-being was at a high level. Regarding the correlation between the spiritual well-being and depression, the depression level was somewhat significantly high when the religious well-being was at a high level. However, the depression level was significantly low when the existential well-being was at a high level. Conclusion: This study evaluated the effects of spiritual well-being on a person's mental health among Cho-Sun tribal women in Youn-Gil city of JiLIn Prov., P.R. of China. The results found that the religious well-being, which is a sub-scale of spiritual well-being, had negative effects while the existential well-being had positive effects on the mental health. These results proved that a person's religious disposition had negative effects on their mental health in a communitarian society.

A Novel EYA1 Mutation Causing Alternative RNA Splicing in a Chinese Family With Branchio-Oto Syndrome: Implications for Molecular Diagnosis and Clinical Application

Anhai Chen,Chufeng He,Yong Feng,Jie Ling,Xin Peng,Xianlin Liu,Shuang Mao,Yongjia Chen,Mengyao Qin,Shuai Zhang,Yijiang Bai,Jian Song,Zhili Feng,Lu Ma,Dinghua He,Lingyun Mei1 대한이비인후과학회 2023 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.16 No.4

Objectives. Branchio-oto syndrome (BOS) primarily manifests as hearing loss, preauricular pits, and branchial defects. EYA1is the most common pathogenic gene, and splicing mutations account for a substantial proportion of cases. However,few studies have addressed the structural changes in the protein caused by splicing mutations and potential pathogenicfactors, and several studies have shown that middle-ear surgery has limited effectiveness in improving hearing in thesepatients. BOS has also been relatively infrequently reported in the Chinese population. This study explored the ge-netic etiology in the family of a proband with BOS and provided clinical treatment to improve the patient’s hearing. Methods. We collected detailed clinical features and peripheral blood samples from the patients and unaffected individualswithin the family. Pathogenic mutations were identified by whole-exome sequencing and cosegregation analysis andclassified according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. Alternative splicing wasverified through a minigene assay. The predicted three-dimensional protein structure and biochemical experimentswere used to investigate the pathogenicity of the mutation. The proband underwent middle-ear surgery and was fol-lowed up at 1 month and 6 months postoperatively to monitor auditory improvement. Results. A novel heterozygous EYA1 splicing variant (c.1050+4 A >C) was identified and classified as pathogenic (PVS1(RNA),PM2, PP1). Skipping of exon 11 of the EYA1 pre-mRNA was confirmed using a minigene assay. This mutation mayimpair EYA1-SIX1 interactions, as shown by an immunoprecipitation assay. The EYA1-Mut protein exhibited cellularmislocalization and decreased protein expression in cytological experiments. Middle-ear surgery significantly improvedhearing loss caused by bone-conduction abnormalities in the proband. Conclusion. We reported a novel splicing variant of EYA1 in a Chinese family with BOS and revealed the potential molec-ular pathogenic mechanism. The significant hearing improvement observed in the proband after middle-ear surgeryprovides a reference for auditory rehabilitation in similar patients.

談《金甁梅》歇後語的語用功能與人物形象塑造

조동매 ( Dong Mei Zhao ) 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소 2014 中國硏究 Vol.61 No.-

This essay examines the linguistic function of the allegorical sayings (Xiehouyu) in Jin Ping Mei and tries to understand the significance of the realization of such function to the characterization of the novelistic figures. Further, this essay compares the usage of allegorical sayings in both Jin Ping Mei and Xing Shi Yin Yuan Zhuan, and discusses whether or not the use of any allegorical sayings in a fiction affects its narrative style.

Forecasting the effects of vaccination on the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia using SEIRV compartmental models

Mei Cheng Lim(Mei Cheng Lim),Sarbhan Singh(Sarbhan Singh ),Chee Herng Lai(Chee Herng Lai ),Balvinder Singh Gill(Balvinder Singh Gill ),Mohd Kamarulariffin Kamarudin(Mohd Kamarulariffin Kamarudin ),Ahm 한국역학회 2023 Epidemiology and Health Vol.45 No.-

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to develop susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered-vaccinated (SEIRV) models to examine the effects of vaccination on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case trends in Malaysia during Phase 3 of the National COVID-19 Immunization Program amidst the Delta outbreak. METHODS: SEIRV models were developed and validated using COVID-19 case and vaccination data from the Ministry of Health, Malaysia, from June 21, 2021 to July 21, 2021 to generate forecasts of COVID-19 cases from July 22, 2021 to December 31, 2021. Three scenarios were examined to measure the effects of vaccination on COVID-19 case trends. Scenarios 1 and 2 represented the trends taking into account the earliest and latest possible times of achieving full vaccination for 80% of the adult population by October 31, 2021 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Scenario 3 described a scenario without vaccination for comparison. RESULTS: In scenario 1, forecasted cases peaked on August 28, 2021, which was close to the peak of observed cases on August 26, 2021. The observed peak was 20.27% higher than in scenario 1 and 10.37% lower than in scenario 2. The cumulative observed cases from July 22, 2021 to December 31, 2021 were 13.29% higher than in scenario 1 and 55.19% lower than in scenario 2. The daily COVID-19 case trends closely mirrored the forecast of COVID-19 cases in scenario 1 (best-case scenario). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that COVID-19 vaccination reduced COVID-19 case trends during the Delta outbreak. The compartmental models developed assisted in the management and control of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia.

Solvent free synthesis of coumarin derivative by the use of AlSBA-1 molecular sieves

Mei Mei Peng,장현태,Pushparaj Hemalatha,Mani Ganesh,Muthiahpillai Palanichamy 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.3

AlSBA-1 molecular sieves were synthesized successfully and used for the synthesis of coumarins throughPechmann condensation. The synthesized AlSBA-1 catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, FTIR,TGA techniques. The synthesized materials possess large surface area with mesopores. Pechmanncondensation of 3-methoxyphenol and ethyl acetoacetate was carried out under solvent free conditionand 7-methoxy-4-methylcoumarin was the main product. The selectivity of the product was found to be74.04%. Among the synthesized catalysts, AlSBA-1(2) showed high activity than others due to highdensity of acid sites. Hence, AlSBA-1 molecular sieves a better choice of catalyst for the synthesis ofcoumarins.