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Maryam Shakiba,Hamid Soori,Mohammad Ali Mansournia,Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari,Yahya Salimi 한국역학회 2016 Epidemiology and Health Vol.38 No.-
OBJECTIVES: The lower mortality rate of obese patients with heart failure (HF) has been partly attributed to reverse causation bias due to weight loss caused by disease. Using data about weight both before and after HF, this study aimed to adjust for reverse causation and examine the association of obesity both before and after HF with mortality. METHODS: Using the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, 308 patients with data available from before and after the incidence of HF were included. Pre-morbid and post-morbid obesity were defined based on body mass index measurements at least three months before and after incident HF. The associations of pre-morbid and post-morbid obesity and weight change with survival after HF were evaluated using a Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: Pre-morbid obesity was associated with higher mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 2.49) but post-morbid obesity was associated with increased survival (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.88). Adjusting for weight change due to disease as a confounder of the obesity-mortality relationship resulted in the absence of any significant associations between post-morbid obesity and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that controlling for reverse causality by adjusting for the confounder of weight change may remove or reverse the protective effect of obesity on mortality among patients with incident HF.
Abdolreza Moghadassi,Shakiba Ghohyei,Samaneh Bandehali,Morteza Habibi,Maryam Eskandari 한국화학공학회 2023 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.40 No.3
Cuprous oxide nanoparticles (Cu2O) were synthesized by electrochemical method and as an add-on toconstruct polyethersulfone (PES) nanofiltration (NF) membranes. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM),3D surface images, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were utilizedto indicate membranes and nanoparticles. Membranes were evaluated by tests of water content, porosity, contact angle,salt rejection, water flux and average pore size measurements. The results show the enhancement of surface hydrophilicityby the addition of Cu2O nanoparticles. The highest unalloyed water flux was obtained by membrane, including0.05 wt% Cu2O nanoparticles, and the highest rejection was revealed by a membrane containing 2 wt% Cu2Onanoparticles. The Na2SO4 rejection reached 66.94%, which was significantly higher than the bare PES membrane. Thisperformance may be owing to increased Na2SO4 adsorption sites. The heavy metals rejection of CrSO4, Pb(NO3)2, andCu (NO3)2 increased 79.38%, 85.08%, and 81% for the M5 membrane, respectively, while it was 45%, 46%, and 49% forbare membrane, respectively. Furthermore, the flux of unalloyed water increased from 9.78 L/m2·h on the pure PESmembrane to 36.78 L/m2·h on the M1 membrane. The decrease of surface roughness and also the increase of hydrophilicgroups improved the antifouling properties of the membranes.
Malek, Mahrooz,Pourashraf, Maryam,Mousavi, Azam Sadat,Rahmani, Maryam,Ahmadinejad, Nasrin,Alipour, Azam,Hashemi, Firoozeh Sadat,Shakiba, Madjid Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.8
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the accuracy of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value, and time-intensity curve (TIC) type analysis derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging (DCE-MRI) in differentiating benign from malignant adnexal masses. Materials and Methods: 47 patients with 56 adnexal masses (27 malignant and 29 benign) underwent DWI and DCE-MRI examinations, prior to surgery. DWI signal intensity, mean ADC value, and TIC type were determined for all the masses. Results: High signal intensity on DWI and type 3 TIC were helpful in differentiating benign from malignant adnexal masses (p<0.001). The mean ADC value was significantly lower in malignant adnexal masses (p<0.001). An ADC value< $1.20{\times}10^{-3}mm^2/s$ may be the optimal cutoff for differentiating between benign and malignant tumors. The negative predictive value for low signal intensity on DWI, and type 1 TIC were 100%. The pairwise comparison among the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of TIC was significantly larger than the AUCs of DWI and ADC (p<0.001 for comparison of TIC and DWI, p<0.02 for comparison of TIC and ADC value). Conclusions: DWI, ADC value and TIC type derived from DCE-MRI are all sensitive and relatively specific methods for differentiating benign from malignant adnexal masses. By comparing these functional MR techniques, TIC was found to be more accurate than DWI and ADC.