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Proceedings from the Ice Hockey Summit III: Action on Concussion
Aynsley M Smith(Aynsley M Smith ),Patrick A Alford(Patrick A Alford ),Mark Aubry(Mark Aubry ),Brian Benson(Brian Benson ),Amanda Black(Amanda Black ),Alison Brooks(Alison Brooks ),Charles Burke(Charle 사피엔시아 2019 Exercise Medicine Vol.3 No.-
Objectives: The Ice Hockey Summit III provided updated scientific evidence on concussions in hockey to inform these five objectives: (1) describe sport related concussion (SRC) epidemiology, (2) classify prevention strategies, (3) define objective, diagnostic tests, (4) identify treatment and (5) integrate science and clinical care into prioritized action plans and policy. Methods: Our action plan evolved from 40 scientific presentations. The 155 attendees (physicians, athletic trainers, physical therapists, nurses, neuropsychologists, scientists, engineers, coaches and officials) voted to prioritize these action items in the final Summit session. Results: (1) establish a national and international hockey data base for SRCs at all levels; (2) eliminate body checking in Bantam youth hockey games; (3) expand a behavior modification program (Fair Play) to all youth hockey levels; (4) enforce game ejection penalties for fighting in Junior A and professional hockey leagues; (5) establish objective tests to diagnose concussion at point of care (POC); and (6) mandate baseline testing to improve concussion diagnosis for all age groups. Conclusions: Expedient implementation of the Summit III prioritized action items is necessary to reduce the risk, severity and consequences of concussion in the sport of ice hockey.
Metabolic, Metallic and Mitotic Sources of Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer Disease
Smith, Mark A.,Zhu, Xiongwei,Nunomura, Akihiko,Raina, Arun K.,Rottkamp, Catherine A.,Takeda , Atsushi,Perry, George 한림대학교 환경·생명과학연구소 2000 [일송 국제심포지엄] 노화와 만성퇴행성 신경질환 Vol.- No.3
Alzheimer disease (AD) is marked by increases in oxidative damage to macromolecules such as sugars, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Notably, such damage is not limited to the lesions of the disease but instead involves all vulnerable neurons. These findings of oxidative abnormalities clearly predate gross described neuronal cytopathology and support the primacy of oxidative damage as an early and dynamic change of AD. Here, we review possible sources of oxidative damage as it applies to AD. Contrary to in vitro findings, correlations between cases with various extents of amyloid-β deposits or neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) show that oxidative damage is in fact reduced with increasing senile plaque and neurofibrillary tangle density (Nunomura et al., 1999a). for amyloid-β, there is a direct negative linear correlation with oxidative damage (Nunomura et al., 1999b). These findings indicate that the formation of the amyloid-β plaques and NFT, long thought of as a deleterious process leading to neuronal death, may in fact be a cytoprotective response (Morsch et al.,1999) to reduce oxidative damage.
Metabolic, Metallic and Mitotic Sources of Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer Disease
Smith, Mark A.,Zhu, Xiongwei,Nunomura, Akihiko,Raina, Arun K.,Rottkamp, Catherine A.,Takeda, Atsushi,Perry, George 한림대학교 환경·생명과학연구소 2000 국제학술회의 Vol.2000 No.-
Alzheimer disease(AD) is marked by increases in oxidative damage to macromolecules such as sugars, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Notably, such damage is not limited to the lesions of the disease but instead involves all vulnerable neurons. These findings of oxidative abnormalities clearly predate gross described neuronal cytopathology and support the primacy of oxidative damage as an early and dynamic change of AD. Here, we review possible sources of oxidative damage as it applies to AD. Contrary to in vitro findings, correlations between cases with various extents of amyloid-β deposits or neurofibrillary tangles(NFT) show that oxidative damage is in fact reduced with increasing senile plaque and neurofibrillary tangle density (Nunomura et at., 1999a). For amyloid-β, there is a direct negative linear correlation with oxidative damage (Nunomura et at., 1999b). These findings indicate that the formation of the amyloid-β plaques and NFT, long thought of as a deleterious process leading to neuronal death, may in fact be a cytoprotective response(Morsch et at., 1999) to reduce oxidative damage.
Smith, Mark L.,Clarke-Pearson, Emily M.,Vornovitsky, Michael,Dayan, Joseph H.,Samson, William,Sultan, Mark R. Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2014 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.41 No.5
Background Patients having unilateral breast reconstruction often require a second stage procedure on the contralateral breast to improve symmetry. In order to provide immediate symmetry and minimize the frequency and extent of secondary procedures, we began performing simultaneous contralateral balancing operations at the time of initial reconstruction. This study examines the indications, safety, and efficacy of this approach. Methods One-hundred and two consecutive breast reconstructions with simultaneous contralateral balancing procedures were identified. Data included patient age, body mass index (BMI), type of reconstruction and balancing procedure, specimen weight, transfusion requirement, complications and additional surgery under anesthesia. Unpaired t-tests were used to compare BMI, specimen weight and need for non-autologous transfusion. Results Average patient age was 48 years. The majority had autologous tissue-only reconstructions (94%) and the rest prosthesis-based reconstructions (6%). Balancing procedures included reduction mammoplasty (50%), mastopexy (49%), and augmentation mammoplasty (1%). Average BMI was 27 and average reduction specimen was 340 grams. Non-autologous blood transfusion rate was 9%. There was no relationship between BMI or reduction specimen weight and need for transfusion. We performed secondary surgery in 24% of the autologous group and 100% of the prosthesis group. Revision rate for symmetry was 13% in the autologous group and 17% in the prosthesis group. Conclusions Performing balancing at the time of breast reconstruction is safe and most effective in autologous reconstructions, where 87% did not require a second operation for symmetry.
Mark L Smith,Emily M Clarke-Pearson,Michael Vornovitsky,Joseph H Dayan,William Samson,Mark R Sultan 대한성형외과학회 2014 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.41 No.5
Background: Patients having unilateral breast reconstruction often require a second stageprocedure on the contralateral breast to improve symmetry. In order to provide immediatesymmetry and minimize the frequency and extent of secondary procedures, we beganperforming simultaneous contralateral balancing operations at the time of initial reconstruction. This study examines the indications, safety, and efficacy of this approach. Methods: One-hundred and two consecutive breast reconstructions with simultaneouscontralateral balancing procedures were identified. Data included patient age, body massindex (BMI), type of reconstruction and balancing procedure, specimen weight, transfusionrequirement, complications and additional surgery under anesthesia. Unpaired t-tests wereused to compare BMI, specimen weight and need for non-autologous transfusion. Results: Average patient age was 48 years. The majority had autologous tissue-only reconstructions(94%) and the rest prosthesis-based reconstructions (6%). Balancing proceduresincluded reduction mammoplasty (50%), mastopexy (49%), and augmentation mammoplasty(1%). Average BMI was 27 and average reduction specimen was 340 grams. Non-autologousblood transfusion rate was 9%. There was no relationship between BMI or reduction specimenweight and need for transfusion. We performed secondary surgery in 24% of the autologousgroup and 100% of the prosthesis group. Revision rate for symmetry was 13% in theautologous group and 17% in the prosthesis group. Conclusions: Performing balancing at the time of breast reconstruction is safe and mosteffective in autologous reconstructions, where 87% did not require a second operation forsymmetry.
Vertical Graphene Growth from Amorphous Carbon Films Using Oxidizing Gases
Bachmatiuk, Alicja,Boeckl, John,Smith, Howard,Ibrahim, Imad,Gemming, Thomas,Oswald, Steffen,Kazmierczak, Wojciech,Makarov, Denys,Schmidt, Oliver G.,Eckert, Juergen,Fu, Lei,Rummeli, Mark H. American Chemical Society 2015 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.119 No.31
<P>Amorphous carbon thin films are technologically important materials that range in use from the semiconductor industry to corrosion-resistant films. Their conversion to crystalline graphene layers has long been pursued; however, typically this requires excessively high temperatures. Thus, crystallization routes which require reduced temperatures are important. Moreover, the ability to crystallize amorphous carbon at reduced temperatures without a catalyst could pave the way for practical graphene synthesis for device fabrication without the need for transfer or post-transfer gate deposition. To this end we demonstrate a practical and facile method to crystallize deposited amorphous carbon films to high quality graphene layers at reduced annealing temperatures by introducing oxidizing gases during the process. The reactive gases react with regions of higher strain (energy) in the system and accelerate the graphitization process by minimizing criss-cross-linkages and accelerating C–C bond rearrangement at defects. In other words, the movement of crystallite boundaries is accelerated along the carbon hexagon planes by removing obstacles for crystallite coalescence.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2015/jpccck.2015.119.issue-31/acs.jpcc.5b05167/production/images/medium/jp-2015-05167v_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp5b05167'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
The Role of Metaphor in Sport Instruction
Peter E. St. Pierre,Mark A. Smith 한국코칭능력개발원 2012 International Journal of Coaching Science Vol.- No.-
Teachers and sport instructors have embraced the use of metaphors as a tool that enhances student performance, but there is little research explaining the reasons why they are used. The purpose of this study was to examine metaphor use by expert golf instructors. Fourteen individuals selected as Top 100 instructors by Golf Magazine in 2000 or 2001 participated in the study. Each instructor recruited a student and was videotaped teaching a lesson. Following the lesson, the student and instructor participated separately in stimulated recall interviews. Results from this study suggest that metaphor use is pervasive in expert golf instruction, and is an important teaching tool for most instructors. The use of metaphors resulted in immediate changes in behavior, and memorable learning. When metaphors were used by these instructors, the students understood them as intended more than ninety percent of the time, and showed observable changes in performance during practice. The findings also provide some empirical evidence supporting Andrew Ortony’s (1975) three theses regarding the role of metaphor in language. Instructors used metaphors to encourage vivid mental images, to make language more efficient, and to express concepts that would be difficult to explain through literal language.