6면 프리즘 렌즈가 장착된 Lensmeter에서 시험 렌즈의 편심 위치 계산

Maria Lin,박종대,,조창호,김현규 배재대학교 자연과학연구소 2005 自然科學論文集 Vol.16 No.1

6면 프리즘 렌즈가 장착된 렌즈메터에서 상점의 위치로부터 시험렌즈의 편심의 위치를 알아 낼 수 있는 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 6개의 프리즘에 의해 형성되는 6개의 상점은 시험렌즈의 편심의 극좌표에 의해 변하게 되며, 비틀린 광선 추적으로 계산할 수 있다. 광학 설계 프로그램인 Code V를 사용하여 렌즈메터 광학계를 분석하고, 시험렌즈의 위치에 따른 상점의 위치 변화를 함수로 나타내서 역으로 상점의 위치로부터 시험렌즈의 편심의 위치를 알아낼 수 있는 방법을 개발하였다. We have developed an algorithm to determine the decenter position from the image points in a lensmeter with 6-sided prism lens. The positions of the image points which are formed by six prisms depends on the decenter position of a test lens and can be calculated by skew ray tracing. The optical characteristics of the lens meter was analyzed using the Code V program and the positions of the image points was expressed as a function of the decenter position of the test lens. By minimizing the expectation error, we can determine the decenter position of a test lens from the image positions.

De la memoria al olvido : Susana San Juan ed Pedro Páramo

Maria Claudia Macias Rodriguez 서울대학교 스페인중남미연구소 2005 이베로아메리카硏究 Vol.16 No.-

En Pedro Páramo, el problema del tiempo se presenta en términos de la memoria y el recuerdo. Comala es un mundo en donde los muertos y los pocos vivos -que luego morirán también- se entremezclan mediante las voces del recuerdo y las imágenes de la memoria. La crítica tradicionalmente ha centrado su interés en la presencia de la memoria colectiva, atendiendo a uno de los grandes compromisos asumidos por la novela: la voz de los que no tienen voz, es decir, el pueblo frente a las instituciones que detentan el poder. Dichas instituciones ostentan el discurso histórico oficial, que en esta obra se encuentra representado por el cacique, Pedro Páramo. Sin embargo, hay un personaje singular en muchos aspectos, Susana San Juan. Esta mujer no sólo es el motivo de la gloria y la desgracia del cacique, es también el punto de unión entre la memoria colectiva del pueblo -de donde procede- y la memoria individual del cacique. Ambas memorias se funden en una síntesis ideal que integra la novela en su totalidad.

Assessment of Beneficial and Possible Toxic Effects of Two New Alfalfa-Derived Shelf Products

Maria G. Soto-Zarazua,Moustapha Bah,Maria G. Garcia-Alcocer,Laura C. Berumen,Carla Sofia Costa,Maria Joao Bessa,Francisca Rodrigues,Joao Paulo Teixeira,Maria Beatriz P.P. Oliveira 한국식품영양과학회 2016 Journal of medicinal food Vol.19 No.10

Aerial parts of Medicago sativa L. have been used as food and its consumption has been associated with health benefits, one among the most important being menopausal symptoms control. This work was aimed to explore possible pharmacological effects of two new alfalfa-derived products that have recently emerged as daily beverage preparations. In exploring their potential estrogenic effects, they produced no relevant alteration in the uterus. However, lowering glucose levels until normal values without causing further hypoglycemic effect were observed, when rats were treated with 1.5 g/kg/day samples. In vivo acute toxicity was not found when the alfalfa products were tested up to 3 g/kg rat weight. Furthermore, in vitro studies were conducted to assess their possible toxic effects. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase tests were carried out on the Caco-2 cell model to determine cell viability and membrane integrity. A concentration-dependent effect was observed, with a significant decrease in cell viability after exposure to concentrations of alfalfa product up to 100 mg/mL (after 3 h of incubation) and 50 mg/mL (after 24 h of treatment). Although in vitro level, the decrease in cell viability at these still low doses may underlie some toxicity, making necessary additional studies before any recommendation of a sustained consumption of these products by humans.

Slide Session : OS-HEM-09 ; Hematology : Prevalence and Mortality of Cardiac Involvement in Patients with Amyloidosis of an Institutional Registry Amyloidosis

( Maria Adela Aguirre ),( Maria Lourdes Posadas Martinez ),( Melisa Blomberg ),( Dorotea Beatriz Fantl ),( Diego Hernan Giunta ),( Fernan Gonzalez Bernaldo De Quiroz ),( Maria Florencia Grande Ratti ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Cardiac involvement is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality of amy-loidosis, especially due to light-chain (AL) and transthyretin, both wild and hereditary types. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and mortality of patients with evidence of cardiac involvement in patients diagnosed with amyloidosis. Methods: Ambispective cohort study, with data obtained from all patients included between 01/2007 and 03/2013 with evidence of amyloidosis in the Institutional Regis-try Amyloidosis of the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. The diagnostic criteria of cardiac amyloidosis were predefined. Mortality from cardiac amyloidosis was measured using a combination of active and passive assessment. Survival time was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. SPSS 19.0 was used. Results: The registry included 126 patients and the prevalence of cardiac amyloidosis was 40% (95%, CI:31-49%). Among the 40% (50/126) of patients with confirmed amyloidosis and suspected of cardiac involvement, the median age was 72 years (IQR 79-81) and 26% were women (13/50). Suspected diagnosis of cardiac involvement was: clinical 82.4% (42/50), from complementary studies 67% (34/50), and diagnosed from another hospital 6% (3/50). From all patients with suspected cardiac involvement, 47% had con- firmed biopsy. Overall mortality of patients with cardiac involvement was 20% (11/50), the median survival was 1782 days of follow up (CI 95% 1365-2199). Conclusions: The prevalence of cardiac involvement and mortality in patients with amyloidosis was high. Advances in diagnosis of the possible causes of amyloidosis in the future will allow the detection of patients with high risk of death from cardiac causes in our country.

Statins Do Not Impair Whole-body Fat Oxidation During Moderate-intensity Exercise in Dyslipidemic Adults

Maria A Matuszek(Maria A Matuszek ),Ross Grant(Ross Grant ) 사피엔시아 2018 Exercise Medicine Vol.2 No.-

Objectives: Some lipid-lowering agents, for example, nicotinic acid and fibrates, decrease an individual’s ability to oxidise fat during exercise. However, it is unclear whether statins affect whole-body fat oxidation during exercise in patients. This study investigated whether fatty acid oxidation is impaired in a dyslipidemic population, while walking at a moderate intensity. Methods: Patients (n=16), walked for 45 minutes on a treadmill at 50% of their estimated VO2max, in the absence and presence of their prescribed statin. Fat oxidation was investigated by examining respiratory data, and circulating plasma glycerol and free fatty acids. Results: Analysis of respiratory data indicated a progressive increase in fat oxidation over time, along with a decrease in carbohydrate oxidation, for all patients during exercise, in both the absence and presence of a statin (P≤0.05). The increase in the percent of energy derived from fat was further supported by the observation of a significantly progressive increase in circulating glycerol and free fatty acids during the exercise period. However no significant difference in the extent of change was observed when comparing the respiratory and biochemical response to physical activity in the absence and presence of the prescribed statin. Conclusions: There is no evidence of a negative impact of statins on the ability to use fat as a fuel for moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Given the importance of physical activity, this result encourages patients to exercise by walking regularly, with the confidence that substrate metabolism is unaltered in the presence of this class of lipid-lowering drug.

Use of generic imatinib as first-line treatment in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML): the GIMS (Glivec to Imatinib Switch) study

Maria Gemelli,Elena Maria Elli,Chiara Elena,Alessandra Iurlo,Tamara Intermesoli,Margherita Maffioli,Ester Pungolino,Maria Cristina Carraro,Mariella D’Adda,Francesca Lunghi,Michela Anghileri,Nicola Pol 대한혈액학회 2020 Blood Research Vol.55 No.3

BackgroundGeneric formulations of imatinib mesylate have been introduced in Western Europe since 2017 to treat patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, results on the safety and efficacy of generic formulations are contrasting. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of generic imatinib in CML patients treated in 12 Italian institutes.MethodsThis is an observational, retro-prospective analysis of patients with CML for whom the treatment was switched from brand to generic imatinib. We analyzed and compared the variation in quantitative PCR values before and after the switch, and the proportion of patients who maintained molecular response after changing from brand to generic imatinib. Adverse events (AEs) were also evaluated. ResultsTwo hundred patients were enrolled. The median PCR value after the switch was reduced by 0.25 compared to the values before the switch. A significant difference was found be-tween median PCR values before and after the switch in favor of generic imatinib (P= 0.003). Molecular responses remained stable in 69.0%, improved in 25.5%, and wors-ened in 5.5% of patients. AEs were similar in the pre- and post-switch periods; however, a significant difference was found in favor of generic imatinib for muscular cramps (P<0.0001), periorbital edema (P=0.0028), edema of the limbs (P<0.0001), fatigue (P=0.0482), and diarrhea (P=0.0027).ConclusionOur data indicate that generic imatinib does not have deleterious effects on CML control and present an acceptable safety profile, similar or better than brand imatinib.

Geochemistry of mudrock units from the Meso-Cenozoic Algarve Basin, Portugal

Maria J. Trindade,Maria I. Dias,Fernando Rocha,Maria I. Prudêncio,Rosa Marques 한국지질과학협의회 2018 Geosciences Journal Vol.22 No.5

Geochemistry of mudrock units deposited in the sedimentary basin of Algarve (South Portugal) during Mesozoic and Cenozoic depositional cycles were studied, aiming a better knowledge of the evolution of the Basin. Two types of mudrock units were found: (i) silicic and Ca-poor (Cretaceous and Cenozoic), and (ii) calcareous (Middle–Upper Jurassic Ca-rich mudrock units and Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic Mg-rich redbeds). LILE appear to be controlled by a K-bearing phyllosilicate, which is consistent with the abundant illite in the redbeds. Positive trends of: (i) Sc, Cr, Th, LREE with Al2O3 suggests their incorporation in clay minerals, and (ii) HREE with TiO2, Zr and Hf point to their presence in heavy minerals. The source area of the Algarve mudrock units was dominated by felsic rocks; features typical of a mafic source occur in some Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic samples. Carboniferous metasediments of the basement were probably the first order source for the Algarve sedimentary basin. A more severe weathering in the Cenozoic and Cretaceous mudrock units occurred, whereas diagenetic enrichment in potassium is observed in the Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic continental redbeds.

EXPLORING THE ITALIAN FASHION BLOGOSPHERE: A NETNOGRAPHIC APPROACH

Maria Esposito,Maria Rita Massaro,Mariangela Vecchiarini,Chiara Crudele 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2015 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2015 No.06

Research aim and objectives Fashion blogs are personal online diaries created in order to collect and spread information about fashion trends, products and brands for a community of followers. Since their advent, fashion bloggers became key players in the field of fashion (Rocamora, 2011). Some fashion blogs achieved so much fame and notoriety to establish themselves as crucial reference points for consumers, fundamental spaces for “the production and circulation of fashion discourse” (ibidem, p.409). This exponentially growing phenomenon revolutionized the world of fashion and the concept of fashion industry itself: fashion bloggers have been included in the institutional system of fashion, beside the traditional media industry and considered together with the fashion journalism (Pedroni, 2014). The relevance of this research field is proved by the fashion bloggers’ copious and promising revenue. It is estimated that the most successful bloggers have incomes which soar into the million-dollar range annually (Blalock, 2014). According to Forbes (2015), Chiara Ferragni, the owner of ‘The Blonde Salad’ which became the Harvard’s Business School case study, is on track to take in $8 million in revenues this year. The most of the revenue comes not only from website advertisement but from celebrity appearances, partnership with luxury brands and bloggers’ handbag, shoes and clothes line collections (Keinan et al., 2015). However, despite it constitutes an extremely appealing domain for marketing studies (Kim & Jin, 2006), research on fashion blogging is still incipient (Rocamora, 2011). As the bloggers are brands themselves, the aim of this research is to deepen the fragmentary understanding of this phenomenon through the adoption of a personal brand perspective, i.e. personal branding. In order to achieve this aim, the following objectives have been set: - How do the fashion bloggers develop and turn their personal identity and value into a personal brand? - What are their communication strategy? - What are their interaction strategies? Personal Branding: an overview The expression “personal branding” was introduced for the first time by Tom Peters (1997) in his article emblematically entitled “The brand called you”. In his contribution, considered to be the manifesto of personal branding, Peters points out the dramatic changes that affected the labour market, suggesting that the only way for people to succeed in a highly competitive scenario is to transform themselves into Chief Executive Officers of their own company and promote themselves learning from some of the most successful brands as Nike, Coke, Pepsi (ibidem). Personal branding (also known as self-branding, cf. Kaputa, 2003) is based on the idea that it is possible to apply to people the same marketing and branding principles originally developed for products and companies (Sheperd, 2005). It can be defined as a process by which individuals recognize their strengths and uniqueness and promote themselves to a target audience. In other words, building a personal brand means to identify what makes a person unique and different from their competitors or peers, but it also refers to the ability to communicate, in an effective way, your own source of competitive advantage (Centenaro and Sorchiotti, 2013; Kaputa, 2012; Labrecque, Markos & Milne, 2011; Shepherd, 2005). Although Peter’s (1997) original idea of personal branding was more generally based on individuals facing the “off-line” labour market, this approach can be used also to explain some “on-line” phenomenon. New technologies, in fact, created computer mediated environments, resulting in virtual spaces where people can present and express themselves using digital traces (Schau and Gilly, 2003). Research Methodology Using in-depth interviews and netnography, this work examines how a group of popular Italian fashion bloggers managed to build their personal brands and grow their value. A multi-methods research based on the combination of no-structured interviews (conducted both face-to-face and through Instant Messaging channels) and a netnographic approach1 was used to analyze the fashion blogging phenomenon. The in-depth interviews involved four Italian fashion bloggers selected with a snowball sampling. These interviews, performed in the explorative phase of the research, in addition to provide a preliminary exploration of the fashion blogging scenario and first empirical evidence, favoured the development of categories of analysis that have been successively deepened through the netnographic approach. The netnographic analysis, started in April and still in progress, has been applied to fifteen Italian fashion blogs, selected among the 100 most followed blogs indicated by Les Cahiers Fashion Marketing, an online fashion marketing magazine. Among them, the blogs selection was performed following the criteria suggested by the literature about netnography (Kozinets, 2010): the presence of relevant information related to the research focus and questions; the presence of recent and regular communication and a large interactivity between the blogger and other participants2; the occurrence of detailed and descriptively rich data. Drawing lessons from the literature (ibidem)3, data collection was performed trough a non-participant observation approach, that has allowed researchers to collect data in a completely unobtrusive manner and work on naturally occurring texts, not distorted in any way by the analyst’s presence. The collected data included both bloggers’ posts and audience’s comments. Moreover, in addition to textual material, visual and audiovisual data have been collected and analyzed. During the analysis, two different processes of netnographic analysis, analytical coding and hermeneutic interpretation, have been usefully combined and performed. In the following paragraph, the first results obtained, until now, through a combined analysis of excerpts of interviews and netnography will be shown. Results Preliminary research evidence shows that the success of a fashion blogger depends mainly on: • A clear definition and development of a personal identity; • The effort to coherently convey the personal identity through an effective management of different communication and interaction tools; • The development of a network that can maximize blogger’s visibility and notoriety. Identity and value dimension: self-presentation strategies Blogs are usually presented as spaces in which an authentic personal style can be expressed. Analyzing the bloggers’ entries, it is possible to recognize how the concept of personal style plays a fundamental role, representing the main element on which the blogger’s identity is based (Kulmala, Mesiranta and Tuominen, 2013). The most important tool for the expression of the blogger’s personal style is posting the outfit of the day: i.e. an outfit worn on a particular day or during a particular event or occasion, based on the combination of different brands and products. As bloggers and readers’ attention is not focused on specific products and brands, but, rather, on how single pieces of clothing are assembled and combined together, every daily outfit works as a style statement expressing and reinforcing the blogger’s personal identity and, at the same time, provides inspiration and identification by his followers (Pihl, 2014). Communication strategy: style and tools The netnographic analysis shows how the starting level of the published contents is very amateur, where the bloggers usually lack a well-defined communication strategy. However, observing the sampled blogs through a diachronic netnographic approach, it is possible to recognize a gradual change involving both the writing style and the visual elements. Texts became better-finished, effective, studied in detail, with continuous intertextual references to older posts about similar or related topics. The products or brands presentation and description are never de- contextualized, but always inserted within a narrative structure. In other words, fashion bloggers make use of the potentials offered by visual storytelling, presenting products as a part of bloggers’ daily life, always intertwined with bloggers’ autobiographical information (Rocamora, 2011). Simple and interesting personal stories are displayed in order to allow readers to identify themselves with the blogger and his core values. Moreover, pictures are taken in a very professional way, paying close attention to every element as light, colours, and locations. In addition to the daily update of the blog, bloggers’ communication strategy embraces the logics of a pervasive personal branding by managing different platforms like Facebook, LinkedIn, Pinterest and Instagram in order to build a strong and coherent diffused identity on the net. Interaction strategies: network and partnerships The relational dimension involves three main types of relations. First, with readers: bloggers try to ensure audience’s engagement and loyalty, encouraging readers to express their opinions about the proposed outfit; provide customised advice and suggestions; promote their active participation through contests and giveaways. On the other hand, users use comments to support the blogger’s activity, show their approval for the proposed outfits or suggest modifications and variations to the blogger’s proposal. Secondly, the relational dimension concerns the connections with other bloggers: fashion blogs define together a community of style (Pihl , 2014), a real network characterized by continual mutual references among its nodes. It is especially through the tools of comments that bloggers promote each other, posing at the bottom of the comments links to their blog and inviting other readers to visit it. Finally, the relational dimension concerns the relationships between bloggers and fashion brands. The analysis of the in-depth interviews puts in evidence that collaboration dynamics frequently established between fashion brands and bloggers can take different forms: from inviting the blogger to choose specific brand products and give them visibility through a review on the blog, to invite the blogger to take part as a guest or model in a fashion parade or new collection presentation or in a brand photo shoot. These forms of cooperation can take more structured forms and transform into more complex co- branding strategies: there many examples of bloggers that, in partnership with well- known brands, realize and launch limited or special products edition. Implications and limitations According to our preliminary results, the success of a fashion blogger depends mainly on his ability to transform the blogging activity into a personal brand. In some cases, the branding process reaches its highest fulfilment when the blogger launches and promotes a personal collection resulting in an independent fashion brand. The interest in the phenomenon for marketers mainly derives from the different forms of collaboration that can be established between bloggers and fashion companies. For bloggers, those partnerships represent important occasions to enrich their portfolio and increase their reputation and credibility by the target audience. On the other hand, fashion companies can use blogs as a tool to collect decisive information about consumers (cf. Kulmala et al., 2013), exploit the visibility and reputation of fashion bloggers and benefit of an extremely powerful communication means. In fact, as bloggers use their own language, their messages are considered to be more direct, intimate and authentic by readers. As this study has an explorative nature, it is not aimed at generalizing its results, but rather at deepening the knowledge about a still underdeveloped and uncertain phenomenon, i.e. the Italian fashion blogging. However, the research has been performed following the evaluative criteria proposed by literature about netnography (Kozinets, 2010), i.e. coherence, rigour, verisimilitude and innovation.

Loss of LKB1 Protein Expression Correlates with Increased Risk of Recurrence and Death in Patients with Resected, Stage II or III Colon Cancer

Maria Sfakianaki,Chara Papadaki,Maria Tzardi,Maria Trypaki,Sardar Alam,Eleni D. Lagoudaki,Ippokratis Messaritakis,Odysseas Zoras,Dimitris Mavroudis,Vassilis Georgoulias,John Souglakos 대한암학회 2019 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.51 No.4

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of liver kinase b1 (LKB1) loss in patients with operable colon cancer (CC). Materials and Methods Two hundred sixty-two specimens from consecutive patients with stage III or high-risk stage II CC, who underwent surgical resection with curative intent and received adjuvant chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin, were analyzed for LKB1 protein expression loss, by immunohistochemistry as well as for KRAS exon 2 and BRAFV600E mutations by Sanger sequencing and TS, ERCC1, MYC, and NEDD9 mRNA expression by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results LKB1 expression loss was observed in 117 patients (44.7%) and correlated with right-sided located primaries (p=0.032), and pericolic lymph nodes involvement (p=0.003), BRAFV600E mutations (p=0.024), and TS mRNA expression (p=0.041). Patients with LKB1 expression loss experienced significantly lower disease-free survival (DFS) (hazard ratio [HR], 1.287; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.093 to 1.654; p=0.021) and overall survival (OS) (HR, 1.541; 95% CI, 1.197 to 1.932; p=0.002), compared to patients with LKB1 expressing tumors. Multivariate analysis revealed LKB1 expression loss as independent prognostic factor for both decreased DFS (HR, 1.217; 95% CI, 1.074 to 1.812; p=0.034) and decreased OS (HR, 1.467; 95% CI, 1.226 to 2.122; p=0.019). Conclusion Loss of tumoral LKB1 protein expression, constitutes an adverse prognostic factor in patients with operable CC.

Sun Burn Incidence and Knowledge of Greek Elementary and High School Children about Sun Protection

Saridi, Maria Ioannis,Toska, Aikaterini George,Rekleiti, Maria Dimitrios,Tsironi, Maria,Geitona, Maria,Souliotis, Kyriakos Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.4

Introduction: Overexposure to sun radiation and particularly its accumulation during childhood and adolescence is a significant risk factor for skin cancer development. The sun burn is particularly important. Aim: To estimate sun burn incidence in young pupils in a coastal area of Greece. Materials and Methods: Two surveys were conducted in a school population in the same district in Greece, over different periods of time, in young people 9 to 18 years old (n=2 977). Anonymous questionnaires were completed. Levels of significance were two-tailed and statistical significance was set at p=0.05. SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: From the individual characteristics of the participants it was shown that the majority of them had dark hair and fair skin, whereas a significant percentage reported the existence of moles on face and their body (83.4% vs 68.1%). The sun burn incidence was high in adolescents and the younger pupils (41.9% vs 55.6%). The younger aged children who were living in an urban area had significantly higher rates of sun burn than those living in semi-urban areas (33.8% vs 24.8%, p=0.020). As far as the knowledge of pupils about the risks of sun radiation it was shown that the elementary school pupils had better knowledge than those at high school. Finally, those with better knowledge had the fewer sun burns (Mean 2.83 SD 0.87, p<0.001). Conclusions: The contribution of knowledge to the decrease of sun burn incidence is important as long as this is continuous. Therefore, the education should concern not only children but also teachers and parents in the context of continuous and systematic programs of health education.